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Rodseth E, Sumasgutner P, Tate G, Nilsson JF, Watson H, Maritz MF, Ingle RA, Amar A. Pleiotropic effects of melanin pigmentation: haemoparasite infection intensity but not telomere length is associated with plumage morph in black sparrowhawks. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230370. [PMID: 38577209 PMCID: PMC10987988 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the potential pleiotropic effects of melanin pigmentation, particularly on immunity, with reports of variation in haemoparasite infection intensity and immune responses between the morphs of colour-polymorphic bird species. In a population of the black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus) in western South Africa, light morphs have a higher haemoparasite infection intensity, but no physiological effects of this are apparent. Here, we investigate the possible effects of haemoparasite infection on telomere length in this species and explore whether relative telomere length is associated with either plumage morph or sex. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we confirmed that dark morphs had a lower haemoparasite infection intensity than light morphs. However, we found no differences in telomere length associated with either the haemoparasite infection status or morph in adults, although males have longer telomeres than females. While differences in haemoparasite intensity between morphs are consistent with pleiotropic effects of melanin pigmentation in the black sparrowhawk, we found no evidence that telomere length was associated with haemoparasite infection. Further work is needed to investigate the implications of possible pleiotropic effects of plumage morph and their potential role in the maintenance of colour polymorphism in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Rodseth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petra Sumasgutner
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Konrad Lorenz Research Centre, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gareth Tate
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Birds of Prey Programme, Endangered Wildlife Trust, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Johan F. Nilsson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannah Watson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michelle F. Maritz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arjun Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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2
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Tartu S, Lorrain-Soligon L, Cheron M, Dupoué A, Brischoux F. Colouration matters in dull toads: ultraviolet adornment for ladies and agrochemicals fading effects. Oecologia 2023; 203:491-502. [PMID: 37982911 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Integument colouration can influence many aspects of fitness, and is under strong sexual selection. Amphibians often express sexual dichromatism, and ultra-violet (UV) colouration is usually biased toward males as a sexual signal. As an honest signal, colouration is related to several individual traits, but can also be related to environmental factors such as anthropogenic pollutants, to which amphibians are highly sensitive. In this study, we investigated sexual dichromatism and UV reflectance covering a large visual spectrum (wavelength ranging from 300 to 700 nm) on different body areas (throat, ventral and dorsal areas), in a widespread amphibian species, the spiny toad (Bufo spinosus). Then, we tested the impact of chronic exposure to two widespread herbicides (glyphosate's primary metabolite [AMPA] and Nicosulfuron) on their colouration. We found a strong but unexpected sexual dichromatism with females reflecting more in the UV spectrum (throat and ventral area) than males, suggesting these body parts might be critical in intra-specific signalling. Females with higher ventral UV reflectance were in better body condition, suggesting an honest signal role of UV reflectance which could influence male choice. Throat colouration was further differentially influenced by agrochemicals according to sexes. In AMPA-exposed males, throat was more saturated in yellow-orange than in control males, and Nicosulfuron exposure decreased the throat's reflectance hue in females, which can bear consequences on mate attractiveness. Future studies need to investigate the underlying mechanisms that are altered by agrochemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tartu
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - Léa Lorrain-Soligon
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzane, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
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3
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Schirmer SC, Gawryszewski FM, Cardoso MZ, Pessoa DMA. Melanism and color saturation of butterfly assemblages: A comparison between a tropical rainforest and a xeric white forest. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.932755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of butterfly coloration has helped to identify the ecological pressures involved in the evolution of animal coloration. However, almost all studies that addressed this issue have focused on species that inhabit more temperate environments, leaving the species and ecological factors of tropical regions mostly understudied. Here, our purpose was to evaluate whether butterfly assemblages from two distinct Neotropical biomes (i.e., tropical rainforest and xeric white forest) differ regarding their melanism and/or color saturation. Our hypotheses were that (1) tropical rainforest butterflies should be more melanic and color saturated, and that (2) butterflies from more open/arid tropical environments should be more melanic on their dorsal wing surfaces than on their ventral wings. Therefore, we quantified melanism and color saturation from dorsal and ventral surfaces of 121 different butterfly species. Comparisons show that rainforest butterflies, when contrasted to white forest butterflies, have more melanic dorsal wing surfaces, which might be seen as a form of protection against parasites. Our data also show that rainforest butterflies, but not white forest species, have darker dorsal wing surfaces, when compared to their own ventral surfaces, a trend that was also found for species inhabiting both biomes, which might be associated to thermoregulatory advantages. At last, our results also point that butterflies' dorsal wing sides present a higher variance between species (regardless of Biome), when compared to their own ventral wing side, an indication that some ecological factor (e.g., predation avoidance) might be exerting a strong homogenizing force on ventral wing coloration.
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4
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Bäckroos S, Ala-Ilomäki L, Candolin U. Habitat change alters the expression and efficiency of a female ornament. Behav Ecol 2022; 33:1133-1140. [PMID: 36518636 PMCID: PMC9735238 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat changes are disrupting the mate choice process in a range of organisms, with consequences for populations and communities. Research has so far focused on male sexually selected traits and female mate choice, given their conspicuousness, whereas effects on female ornaments and male mate choice have been largely overlooked. Yet, females of many species develop ornaments that males use in mate choice. These ornaments can be costly and reduce female fecundity and viability and, hence, influence population growth rate. Thus, attention should be paid to changes in female ornaments and the consequences the changes have for populations. Here, we show that declining visibility in aquatic ecosystems reduces the investment of female three-spined stickleback in a melanin-based ornament in favor of increased mate search activity. The adjustment appears adaptive as males pay less attention to the ornament under poor visibility, and as melanin-based ornaments are generally physiologically costly. It is likely that past fluctuations in visibility have promoted the evolution of environment-dependent plasticity in female ornamentation. More attention should be paid to changes in female ornaments and their adaptive value, across taxa, given the impact that female investment in ornaments can have on fecundity and population growth rate. Environments are changing at an accelerating rate because of human activities and knowledge of the responses of both males and females is needed to evaluate and predict the ultimate impact on populations and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Bäckroos
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Ala-Ilomäki
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika Candolin
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Cubaynes S, Brandell EE, Stahler DR, Smith DW, Almberg ES, Schindler S, Wayne RK, Dobson AP, vonHoldt BM, MacNulty DR, Cross PC, Hudson PJ, Coulson T. Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves. Science 2022; 378:300-303. [PMID: 36264784 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We know much about pathogen evolution and the emergence of new disease strains, but less about host resistance and how it is signaled to other individuals and subsequently maintained. The cline in frequency of black-coated wolves (Canis lupus) across North America is hypothesized to result from a relationship with canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks. We tested this hypothesis using cross-sectional data from wolf populations across North America that vary in the prevalence of CDV and the allele that makes coats black, longitudinal data from Yellowstone National Park, and modeling. We found that the frequency of CDV outbreaks generates fluctuating selection that results in heterozygote advantage that in turn affects the frequency of the black allele, optimal mating behavior, and black wolf cline across the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cubaynes
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Ellen E Brandell
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel R Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - Douglas W Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - Emily S Almberg
- Wildlife Division, Montana Fish Wildlife & Park, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Susanne Schindler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew P Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Bridgett M vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniel R MacNulty
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Paul C Cross
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
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6
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Turak N, Monnier‐Corbel A, Gouret M, Frantz A. Urbanization shapes the relation between density and melanin‐based colouration in bird communities. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neyla Turak
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris‐Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris Paris France
| | - Alice Monnier‐Corbel
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris‐Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris Paris France
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Univ. Paris France
- Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation Missour Morocco
| | - Mélanie Gouret
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris‐Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris Paris France
| | - Adrien Frantz
- Sorbonne Univ., Univ. Paris‐Est Créteil, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Inst. of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris Paris France
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7
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Morales-Mata JI, Potti J, Camacho C, Martínez-Padilla J, Canal D. Phenotypic selection on an ornamental trait is not modulated by breeding density in a pied flycatcher population. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:610-620. [PMID: 35293060 PMCID: PMC9311403 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of phenotypic selection in the wild have focussed on morphological and life‐history traits and looked at abiotic (climatic) variation as the main driver of selection. Consequently, our knowledge of the effects of biotic environmental variation on phenotypic selection on sexual traits is scarce. Population density can be considered a proxy for the intensity of intrasexual and intersexual competition and could therefore be a key factor influencing the covariation between individual fitness and the expression of sexual traits. Here, we used an individual‐based data set from a population of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) monitored over 24 years to analyze the effect of breeding density on phenotypic selection on dorsal plumage colouration, a heritable and sexually selected ornament in males of this species. Using the number of recruits as a fitness proxy, our results showed overall stabilizing selection on male dorsal colouration, with intermediate phenotypes being favoured over extremely dark and dull individuals. However, our results did not support the hypothesis that breeding density mediates phenotypic selection on this sexual trait. We discuss the possible role of other biotic factors influencing selection on ornamental plumage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Potti
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem Restoration, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Jaca, Spain
| | - Jesús Martínez-Padilla
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem Restoration, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Jaca, Spain
| | - David Canal
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
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8
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Wu Q, Miles DB, Richard M, Rutschmann A, Clobert J. Intraspecific diversity alters the relationship between climate change and parasitism in a polymorphic ectotherm. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1301-1314. [PMID: 34856039 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate-modulated parasitism is driven by a range of factors, yet the spatial and temporal variability of this relationship has received scant attention in wild vertebrate hosts. Moreover, most prior studies overlooked the intraspecific differences across host morphotypes, which impedes a full understanding of the climate-parasitism relationship. In the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), females exhibit three colour morphs: yellow (Y-females), orange (O-females) and mixed (mixture of yellow and orange, M-females). Zootoca vivipara is also infested with an ectoparasite (Ophionyssus mites). We therefore used this model system to examine the intraspecific response of hosts to parasitism under climate change. We found infestation probability to differ across colour morphs at both spatial (10 sites) and temporal (20 years) scales: M-females had lower parasite infestations than Y- and O-females at lower temperatures, but became more susceptible to parasites as temperature increased. The advantage of M-females at low temperatures was counterbalanced by their higher mortality rates thereafter, which suggests a morph-dependent trade-off between resistance to parasites and host survival. Furthermore, significant interactions between colour morphs and temperature indicate that the relationship between parasite infestations and climate warming was contingent on host morphotypes. Parasite infestations increased with temperature for most morphs, but displayed morph-specific rates. Finally, infested M-females had higher reductions in survival rates than infested Y- or O-females, which implies a potential loss of intraspecific diversity within populations as parasitism and temperatures rise. Overall, we found parasitism increases with warming temperatures, but this relationship is modulated by host morphotypes and an interaction with temperature. We suggest that epidemiological models incorporate intraspecific diversity within species for better understanding the dynamics of wildlife diseases under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Donald B Miles
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Alexis Rutschmann
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
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9
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The weaker sex: Male lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) with blue color polymorphism are more burdened by parasites than are other sex-color combinations. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261202. [PMID: 34972116 PMCID: PMC8719767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The unusual blue color polymorphism of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) is the subject of much speculation but little empirical research; ~20% of lingcod individuals exhibit this striking blue color morph, which is discrete from and found within the same populations as the more common brown morph. In other species, color polymorphisms are intimately linked with host–parasite interactions, which led us to ask whether blue coloration in lingcod might be associated with parasitism, either as cause or effect. To test how color and parasitism are related in this host species, we performed parasitological dissection of 89 lingcod individuals collected across more than 26 degrees of latitude from Alaska, Washington, and California, USA. We found that male lingcod carried 1.89 times more parasites if they were blue than if they were brown, whereas there was no difference in parasite burden between blue and brown female lingcod. Blue individuals of both sexes had lower hepatosomatic index (i.e., relative liver weight) values than did brown individuals, indicating that blueness is associated with poor body condition. The immune systems of male vertebrates are typically less effective than those of females, due to the immunocompromising properties of male sex hormones; this might explain why blueness is associated with elevated parasite burdens in males but not in females. What remains to be determined is whether parasites induce physiological damage that produces blueness or if both blue coloration and parasite burden are driven by some unmeasured variable, such as starvation. Although our study cannot discriminate between these possibilities, our data suggest that the immune system could be involved in the blue color polymorphism–an exciting jumping-off point for future research to definitively identify the cause of lingcod blueness and a hint that immunocompetence and parasitism may play a role in lingcod population dynamics.
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10
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Yan J, Gangoso L, Ruiz S, Soriguer R, Figuerola J, Martínez-de la Puente J. Understanding host utilization by mosquitoes: determinants, challenges and future directions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1367-1385. [PMID: 33686781 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito host utilization is a key factor in the transmission of vector-borne pathogens given that it greatly influences host-vector contact rates. Blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are not random, as some mosquitoes feed on particular species and/or individuals more than expected by chance. Mosquitoes use a number of cues including visual, olfactory, acoustic, and thermal stimuli emitted by vertebrate hosts to locate and identify their blood meal sources. Thus, differences in the quality/intensity of the released cues may drive host selection by mosquitoes at both inter- and intra-specific levels. Such patterns of host selection by mosquitoes in space and time can be structured by factors related to mosquitoes (e.g. innate host preference, behavioural plasticity), to hosts (e.g. emission of host-seeking cues, host availability) or to both (e.g. pathogen infection). In this study, we review current evidence, from phenomena to mechanisms, of how these factors influence host utilization by mosquitoes. We also review the methodologies commonly used in this research field and identify the major challenges for future studies. To bridge the knowledge gaps, we propose improvements to strengthen traditional approaches and the use of a functional trait-based approach to infer mosquito host utilization in natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yan
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S Oak St., Champaign, IL, 61821, U.S.A
| | - Laura Gangoso
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, 41092, Spain.,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Service of Mosquito Control, Diputación Provincial de Huelva, Ctra. Hospital Infanta Elena s/n, Huelva, 21007, Spain
| | - Ramón Soriguer
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, 41092, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, 41092, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josué Martínez-de la Puente
- Doñana Biological Station, Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC), C/Americo Vespucio 26, Seville, 41092, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada (UGR), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, 18.071, Spain
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11
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Andrade P, Cataldo D, Fontaine R, Rodrigues TM, Queirós J, Neves V, Fonseca A, Carneiro M, Gonçalves D. Selection underlies phenotypic divergence in the insular Azores woodpigeon. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Andrade
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Daniele Cataldo
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rémi Fontaine
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Direção Regional dos Recursos Florestais (DRRF) Azores Portugal
| | - João Queirós
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Verónica Neves
- MARE, Marine & Environmental Sciences Centre Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) OKEANOS R&D Center Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Horta Portugal
| | - Amélia Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Azores Portugal
| | - Miguel Carneiro
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - David Gonçalves
- CIBIO‐InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
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12
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San-Jose LM, Roulin A. On the Potential Role of the Neural Crest Cells in Integrating Pigmentation Into Behavioral and Physiological Syndromes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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13
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Tibblin P, Hall M, Svensson PA, Merilä J, Forsman A. Phenotypic flexibility in background-mediated color change in sticklebacks. Behav Ecol 2020; 31:950-959. [PMID: 32760177 PMCID: PMC7390996 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility may incur a selective advantage in changing and heterogeneous environments, and is increasingly recognized as an integral aspect of organismal adaptation. Despite the widespread occurrence and potential importance of rapid and reversible background-mediated color change for predator avoidance, knowledge gaps remain regarding its adaptive value, repeatability within individuals, phenotypic correlates, and whether its expression is context dependent. We used manipulative experiments to investigate these issues in two fish species, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius). We sequentially exposed individuals to dark and light visual background treatments, quantified color change from video recordings, and examined associations of color change with phenotypic dimensions that can influence the outcome of predator-prey interactions. G. aculeatus expressed a greater degree of color change compared to P. pungitius. In G. aculeatus, the color change response was repeatable within individuals. Moreover, the color change response was independent of body size but affected by sex and boldness, with males and bolder individuals changing less. Infection by the parasite Schistocephalus solidus did not affect the degree of color change, but it did modulate its association with sex and boldness. G. aculeatus adjusted the expression of color change in response to predation risk, with enhanced color change expression in individuals exposed to either simulated attacks, or olfactory cues from a natural predator. These results provide novel evidence on repeatability, correlated traits, and context dependence in the color change response and highlight how a suite of factors can contribute to individual variation in phenotypic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Tibblin
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marcus Hall
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - P Andreas Svensson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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14
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Nicolaï MPJ, Shawkey MD, Porchetta S, Claus R, D'Alba L. Exposure to UV radiance predicts repeated evolution of concealed black skin in birds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2414. [PMID: 32415098 PMCID: PMC7229023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumage is among the most well-studied components of integumentary colouration. However, plumage conceals most skin in birds, and as a result the presence, evolution and function of skin colour remains unexplored. Here we show, using a database of 2259 species encompassing >99% of bird genera, that melanin-rich, black skin is found in a small but sizeable percentage (~5%) of birds, and that it evolved over 100 times. The spatial distribution of black skin follows Gloger’s rule, which states that pigmentation of endothermic animals increases towards the equator. Furthermore, most black-skinned birds inhabit high irradiation regions, and tend to be bald and/or have white feathers. Thus, taken together, our results suggest that melanin-rich, black skin helps to protect birds against ultraviolet irradiation. More generally, our results illustrate that feathered skin colour varies taxonomically, ontogenetically and temporally, providing an additional dimension for avian colour research. In contrast to bird plumage, little is known about the evolution of bird skin color. Here, Nicolaï et al. find that black skin has evolved over 100 times in birds and is associated with baldness and/or white feathers as well as with high irradiation habitats, suggesting a role in UV protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël P J Nicolaï
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Recent Vertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Porchetta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.,von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium
| | - Ruben Claus
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Biology Department, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Angelier F. Pigeons in the sun: Thermal constraints of eumelanic plumage in the rock pigeon (Columba livia). J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102601. [PMID: 32479396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In wild vertebrates, several species exhibit eumelanic color polymorphism with the coexistence of dark and light morphs. The maintenance of such polymorphism suggests the existence of a selective balance between the morphs and a large body of literature has reported the costs and benefits of darker plumage coloration in birds. Among them, it has been suggested that melanin and dark plumage could entail high energetic costs especially under hot and sunny climates. However, to my knowledge, the thermal constraints of sun exposure have rarely been studied in polymorphic species. Here, we tested the impact of eumelanic plumage coloration on plumage and body temperatures, and evaporative cooling behavior in the polymorphic rock pigeon (Columbia livia). We experimentally exposed light and dark pigeons to direct sun radiation for 1 h while a few birds were maintained in the shade as controls. We found that sun exposure was associated with increased plumage temperature, and this effect was greater for darker pigeons. In addition, we found that sun exposure was also associated with higher cloacal temperature but for dark pigeons only. Finally, light and dark pigeons were more likely to show cooling evaporative behavior when exposed to sun and as their cloacal temperature increases. Altogether, these results suggest that darker pigeons may have a lower ability to cope with heat and solar radiations and that dark plumage can be associated with thermal costs in this polymorphic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, UMR, 7372, Villiers en Bois, France.
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16
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Melanism influences the use of social information in a polymorphic owl. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1869. [PMID: 32024960 PMCID: PMC7002771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social information use has well-known fitness benefits. However, causes underlying the apparent inter-individual variability in the propensity to use social information are poorly studied. Melanins are pigments responsible for most of intra-specific color variation in vertebrates and their variation is often associated with changes in behaviour. Here, we explored whether melanism is related to individual propensity to use social information in the color polymorphic scops owl Otus scops. We manipulated social information on predation risk at nests by broadcasting calls of the sympatric little owl Athene noctua and found that owlets of brownish females exposed to alarm calls had lower levels of natural antibodies than those of greyish females. In parallel, we found changes in parental behaviour contingent on coloration because when exposed to the risky treatment brownish females returned earlier to nests than greyish females and owlets raised by brownish females were fed with smaller prey than those raised by greyish ones. These results provide support for a previous ignored role of melanins on the propensity to use social information, which may help to explain the maintenance of melanin-based color polymorphisms wherever social environments are variable.
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17
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Raffard A, Therry L, Finn F, Koch K, Brodin T, Blanchet S, Cote J. Does range expansion modify trait covariation? A study of a northward expanding dragonfly. Oecologia 2020; 192:565-575. [PMID: 31932924 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive value of correlations among phenotypic traits depends on the prevailing environmental conditions. Differences in selection pressures during species range expansions may therefore shape phenotypic integration. In this study, we assessed variation in behavioral and morphological traits, as well as their covariations, in replicated southern and northern European populations of the northward expanding dragonfly Crocothemis erythraea. Larvae from northern populations were, on average, darker in color, and therefore, better camouflaged than larvae from southern populations. However, there was no difference in activity level. Darkness and activity were positively correlated in larvae from northern populations, whereas this trait covariation was missing in southern populations. This suggests the emergence of alternative strategies in time-limited northern populations, a higher activity level that required better camouflage through darker coloration, while less active larvae benefited from an energy-saving strategy by reducing the investment in costly traits, such as body darkness. We further found that larger larvae emerged into larger adults, with a higher investment in flight morphology. Our findings imply that phenotypic integration is associated with the northward range shift, potentially differentially shaping fitness consequences, and ecological interactions in southern versus northern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Raffard
- Centre Nationale Pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200, Moulis, France.
| | - Lieven Therry
- Centre Nationale Pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Fia Finn
- Centre Nationale Pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200, Moulis, France.,Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Háeyri 1, IS-550, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland.,Institute of Life and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kamilla Koch
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Centre Nationale Pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200, Moulis, France.,CNRS, UPS, IRD, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, 31062, Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Cote
- CNRS, UPS, IRD, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, 31062, Cedex 9, Toulouse, France
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18
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Rizvi A, Zaidi A, Ameen F, Ahmed B, AlKahtani MDF, Khan MS. Heavy metal induced stress on wheat: phytotoxicity and microbiological management. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38379-38403. [PMID: 35693041 PMCID: PMC9121104 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among many soil problems, heavy metal accumulation is one of the major agronomic challenges that has seriously threatened food safety. Due to these problems, soil biologists/agronomists in recent times have also raised concerns over heavy metal pollution, which indeed are unpleasantly affecting agro-ecosystems and crop production. The toxic heavy metals once deposited beyond certain permissible limits, obnoxiously affect the density, composition and physiological activities of microbiota, dynamics and fertility of soil leading eventually to reduction in wheat production and via food chain, human and animal health. Therefore, the metal induced phytotoxicity problems warrant urgent and immediate attention so that the physiological activities of microbes, nutrient pool of soils and concurrently the production of wheat are preserved and maintained in a constantly deteriorating environment. To mitigate the magnitude of metal induced changes, certain microorganisms have been identified, especially those belonging to the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) group endowed with the distinctive property of heavy metal tolerance and exhibiting unique plant growth promoting potentials. When applied, such metal-tolerant PGPR have shown variable positive impact on wheat production, even in soils contaminated with metals, by supplying macro and micro nutrients and secreting active biomolecules like EPS, melanins and metallothionein (MTs). Despite some reports here and there, the phytotoxicity of metals to wheat and how wheat production in metal-stressed soil can be enhanced is poorly explained. Thus, an attempt is made in this review to better understand the mechanistic basis of metal toxicity to wheat, and how such phytotoxicity can be mitigated by incorporating microbiological remediation strategies in wheat cultivation practices. The information provided here is likely to benefit wheat growers and consequently optimize wheat production inexpensively under stressed soils. Among many soil problems, heavy metal accumulation is one of the major agronomic challenges that has seriously threatened food safety.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Rizvi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Almas Zaidi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Muneera D. F. AlKahtani
- Department of Biology
- College of Science
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
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19
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Delgado MDM, Bettega C, Martens J, Päckert M. Ecotypic changes of alpine birds to climate change. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16082. [PMID: 31695069 PMCID: PMC6834662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In endotherm animals, several traits are related to climate. For example, Bergmann’s rule predicts a decrease in body size within species and across closely related species with increasing temperature, whereas Gloger’s rule states that birds and mammals should be darker in humid and warm environments compared to colder and drier areas. However, it is still not clear whether ecotypic responses to variation in the local environment can also apply to morphological and colouration changes through time in response to climate change. We present a 100-year-long time series on morphological and melanin-based colours of snowfinch (325 Montifringilla, 92 Pyrgilauda and 30 Onychostruthus) museum specimens. Here we show that the tarsus length of the species has decreased and the saturation of the melanin-based colour has increased, which was correlated with the increase of temperature and precipitations. As ecotypic variations are tightly linked to individual behavioural and physiological responses to environmental variations, differently sized and coloured individuals are expected to be differently penalized by global changes. This study opens the pertinent question about whether ecotypic responses can enhance population persistence in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Delgado
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University - Campus Mieres, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
| | - Chiara Bettega
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University - Campus Mieres, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - Jochen Martens
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Päckert
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum für Tierkunde, Koenigsbruecker Landstraße 159, 01109, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Côte J, Pilisi C, Morisseau O, Veyssière C, Perrault A, Jean S, Blanchet S, Jacquin L. Water turbidity affects melanin-based coloration in the gudgeon: a reciprocal transplant experiment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human activities cause rapid eutrophication and increased water turbidity in aquatic ecosystems, but their effects on fish communication and colour signals remain of debate. In particular, melanin-based coloration in fish has been understudied, because it was believed to be less costly to display than carotenoid-based colours. Here, we measured the phenotypic divergence of melanin-based coloration in 17 populations of gudgeon (Gobio occitaniae) along a turbidity gradient. We also tested the short-term plasticity of coloration using a reciprocal transplant experiment. We found strong variability in melanin-based coloration along the turbidity gradient: interpopulation divergence in coloration was higher than predicted by genetic drift, and fish were paler with increasing levels of turbidity. Finally, a reciprocal transplant experiment revealed that fish transplanted into more turbid habitats expressed a paler melanin-based coloration, suggesting that melanin-based coloration was highly plastic in the short term. Overall, our results suggest that eutrophication in human-altered rivers can rapidly alter melanin-based coloration, with potential consequences for fish visual communication and sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Côte
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique EDB, Université de Toulouse; Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Pilisi
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique EDB, Université de Toulouse; Toulouse, France
| | - Océane Morisseau
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique EDB, Université de Toulouse; Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Veyssière
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique EDB, Université de Toulouse; Toulouse, France
| | - Annie Perrault
- Laboratoire EcoLab, CNRS; INPT; UPS; ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- Laboratoire EcoLab, CNRS; INPT; UPS; ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale SETE; Moulis, France
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique EDB, Université de Toulouse; Toulouse, France
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21
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Johansen IB, Henriksen EH, Shaw JC, Mayer I, Amundsen PA, Øverli Ø. Contrasting associations between breeding coloration and parasitism of male Arctic charr relate to parasite species and life cycle stage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10679. [PMID: 31337816 PMCID: PMC6650492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conspicuous carotenoid ornamentation is considered a signal of individual "quality" and one of the most intensely studied traits found to co-vary with parasitism. Since it has been suggested that only "high quality" individuals have enough resources to express excessive sexual ornaments and resist parasites, current theory struggles to explain cases where the brightest individuals carry the most parasites. Surprisingly little emphasis has been put on the contrasting routes to fitness utilized by different parasite species inhabiting the same host. Using Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) as model species, we hypothesized that skin redness and allocation of carotenoids between skin and muscle (redness ratio) will be positively and negatively associated with parasites using the fish as an intermediate and final host, respectively. Both pigment parameters were indeed positively associated with abundances of parasites awaiting trophic transmission (Diplostomum sp. and Diphyllobothrium spp.) and negatively associated with the abundance of adult Eubothrium salvelini tapeworms. These empirical data demonstrate that contrasting associations between carotenoid coloration and parasite intensities relates to the specific premises of different parasite species and life cycle stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Johansen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Sentrum, N-0102, Oslo, Norway.
| | - E H Henriksen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Sentrum, Langnes, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J C Shaw
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6150, USA
| | - I Mayer
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Sentrum, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - P-A Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Sentrum, Langnes, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ø Øverli
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369, Sentrum, N-0102, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Rizvi A, Ahmed B, Zaidi A, Khan MS. Bioreduction of toxicity influenced by bioactive molecules secreted under metal stress by Azotobacter chroococcum. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:302-322. [PMID: 30758729 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution destruct soil microbial compositions and functions, plant's performance and subsequently human health. Culturable microbes among many metal abatement strategies are considered inexpensive, viable and environmentally safe. In this study, nitrogen fixing bacterial strain CAZ3 recovered from chilli rhizosphere tolerated 100, 1000 and 1200 µg mL-1 of cadmium, chromium and nickel, respectively and was identified as Azotobacter chroococcum by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Under metal stress, cellular morphology of A. chroococcum observed under SEM was found distorted and shrinkage of cells was noticed when grown with 50 µg mL-1 of Cd (cell size 1.7 µm) and 100 of µg mL-1 Ni (cell size 1.3 µm) compared to untreated control (cell size 1.8 µm). In the presence of 100 µg mL-1 of Cr, cells became elongated and measured 1.9 µm in size. Location of metals inside the cells was revealed by EDX. A dose dependent growth arrest and consequently the death of A. chroococcum cells was revealed under CLSM. A. chroococcum CAZ3 secreted 320, 353 and 133 µg EPS mL-1 when grown with 100 µg mL-1 each of Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. The EDX revealed the presence of 0.4, 0.07 and 0.24% of Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively within EPS extracted from metal treated cells. Moreover, a dark brown pigment (melanin) secreted by A. chroococcum cells under metal pressure displayed tremendous metal chelating activity. The EDX spectra of melanin extracted from metal treated cells of A. chroococcum CAZ3 displayed 0.53, 0.22 and 0.12% accumulation of Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. The FT-IR spectra of EPS and melanin demonstrated stretching vibrations and variations in surface functional groups of bacterial cells. The C-H stretching of CH3 in fatty acids and CH2 groups, stretching of N-H bond of proteins and O-H bond of hydroxyl groups caused the shifting of peaks in the EPS spectra. Similar stretching vibrations were recorded in metal treated melanin which involved CHO, alkyl, carboxylate and alkene groups resulting in significant peak shifts. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of EPS extracted from A. chroococcum CAZ3 revealed apparent peak signals at 4.717, 9.497, 9.369 and 9.242 ppm. However, 1H NMR peaks were poorly resolved due largely to the impurity/viscosity of the EPS. The entrapment of metals by EPS and melanin was confirmed by EDX. Also, the induction and excretion of variable amounts of metallothioneins (MTs) by A. chroococcum under metal pressure was interesting. Conclusively, the present findings establish- (i) cellular damage due to Cd, Cr and Ni and (ii) role of EPS, melanin and MTs in adsorption/complexation and concurrently the removal of heavy metals. Considering these, A. chroococcum can be promoted as a promising candidate for supplying N efficiently to plants and protecting plants from metal toxicity while growing under metal stressed environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Rizvi
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Almas Zaidi
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Mohd Saghir Khan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
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23
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Delhey K. A review of Gloger's rule, an ecogeographical rule of colour: definitions, interpretations and evidence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1294-1316. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Delhey
- School of Biological SciencesMonash University 25 Rainforest Walk, 3800 Clayton Victoria Australia
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