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Liang W, Nunes R, Leong JV, Carvalho APS, Müller CJ, Braby MF, Pequin O, Hoshizaki S, Morinaka S, Peggie D, Badon JAT, Mohagan AB, Beaver E, Hsu YF, Inayoshi Y, Monastyrskii A, Vlasanek P, Toussaint EFA, Benítez HA, Kawahara AY, Pierce NE, Lohman DJ. To and fro in the archipelago: Repeated inter-island dispersal and New Guinea's orogeny affect diversification of Delias, the world's largest butterfly genus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 194:108022. [PMID: 38325534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The world's largest butterfly genus Delias, commonly known as Jezebels, comprises ca. 251 species found throughout Asia, Australia, and Melanesia. Most species are endemic to islands in the Indo-Australian Archipelago or to New Guinea and nearby islands in Melanesia, and many species are restricted to montane habitats over 1200 m. We inferred an extensively sampled and well-supported molecular phylogeny of the group to better understand the spatial and temporal dimensions of its diversification. The remarkable diversity of Delias evolved in just ca. 15-16 Myr (crown age). The most recent common ancestor of a clade with most of the species dispersed out of New Guinea ca. 14 Mya, but at least six subsequently diverging lineages dispersed back to the island. Diversification was associated with frequent dispersal of lineages among the islands of the Indo-Australian Archipelago, and the divergence of sister taxa on a single landmass was rare and occurred only on the largest islands, most notably on New Guinea. We conclude that frequent inter-island dispersal during the Neogene-likely facilitated by frequent sea level change-sparked much diversification during that period. Many extant New Guinea lineages started diversifying 5 Mya, suggesting that orogeny facilitated their diversification. Our results largely agree with the most recently proposed species group classification system, and we use our large taxon sample to extend this system to all described species. Finally, we summarize recent insights to speculate how wing pattern evolution, mimicry, and sexual selection might also contribute to these butterflies' rapid speciation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Liang
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, USA
| | - Renato Nunes
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, USA; PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing V Leong
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, USA; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Paula S Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael F Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia; Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sugihiko Hoshizaki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong-Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jade Aster T Badon
- Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Alma B Mohagan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Center for Biodiversity Research & Extension in Mindanao, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines
| | - Ethan Beaver
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia; Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yutaka Inayoshi
- Sritana Condominium 2, 96/173, Huay Kaeo Rd. T. Suthep, A. Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Alexander Monastyrskii
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Petr Vlasanek
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hugo A Benítez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Entomology & Nematology Department and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David J Lohman
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, USA; PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines.
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Espeland M, Chazot N, Condamine FL, Lemmon AR, Lemmon EM, Pringle E, Heath A, Collins S, Tiren W, Mutiso M, Lees DC, Fisher S, Murphy R, Woodhall S, Tropek R, Ahlborn SS, Cockburn K, Dobson J, Bouyer T, Kaliszewska ZA, Baker CCM, Talavera G, Vila R, Gardiner AJ, Williams M, Martins DJ, Sáfián S, Edge DA, Pierce NE. Rapid radiation of ant parasitic butterflies during the Miocene aridification of Africa. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10046. [PMID: 37193112 PMCID: PMC10182571 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa has undergone a progressive aridification during the last 20 My that presumably impacted organisms and fostered the evolution of life history adaptations. We test the hypothesis that shift to living in ant nests and feeding on ant brood by larvae of phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops butterflies was an adaptive response to the aridification of Africa that facilitated the subsequent radiation of butterflies in this genus. Using anchored hybrid enrichment we constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny for Lepidochrysops and its closest, non-parasitic relatives in the Euchrysops section (Poloyommatini). We estimated ancestral areas across the phylogeny with process-based biogeographical models and diversification rates relying on time-variable and clade-heterogeneous birth-death models. The Euchrysops section originated with the emerging Miombo woodlands about 22 million years ago (Mya) and spread to drier biomes as they became available in the late Miocene. The diversification of the non-parasitic lineages decreased as aridification intensified around 10 Mya, culminating in diversity decline. In contrast, the diversification of the phyto-predaceous Lepidochrysops lineage proceeded rapidly from about 6.5 Mya when this unusual life history likely first evolved. The Miombo woodlands were the cradle for diversification of the Euchrysops section, and our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aridification during the Miocene selected for a phyto-predaceous life history in species of Lepidochrysops, with ant nests likely providing caterpillars a safe refuge from fire and a source of food when vegetation was scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Espeland
- Centre for Taxonomy and MorphologyLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Evolutionary Change – Museum KoenigBonnGermany
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicolas Chazot
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRSUMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific ComputingFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Alan Heath
- Lepidopterists' Society of AfricaKnysnaSouth Africa
| | | | | | | | - David C. Lees
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzechia
- Institute of Entomology, Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzechia
| | - Svenja S. Ahlborn
- Centre for Taxonomy and MorphologyLeibniz Institute for the Analysis of Evolutionary Change – Museum KoenigBonnGermany
| | | | | | | | - Zofia A. Kaliszewska
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christopher C. M. Baker
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC‐Ajuntament de Barcelona)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐UPF)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Dino J. Martins
- Turkana Basin InstituteStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest ProtectionUniversity of SopronSopronHungary
| | | | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Chen WT, Li M, Hu SY, Wang SH, Yuan ML. Comparative mitogenomic and evolutionary analysis of Lycaenidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera): Potential association with high-altitude adaptation. Front Genet 2023; 14:1137588. [PMID: 37144132 PMCID: PMC10151513 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Harsh environments (e.g., hypoxia and cold temperatures) of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau have a substantial influence on adaptive evolution in various species. Some species in Lycaenidae, a large and widely distributed family of butterflies, are adapted to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Here, we sequenced four mitogenomes of two lycaenid species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and performed a detailed comparative mitogenomic analysis including nine other lycaenid mitogenomes (nine species) to explore the molecular basis of high-altitude adaptation. Based on mitogenomic data, Bayesian inference, and maximum likelihood methods, we recovered a lycaenid phylogeny of [Curetinae + (Aphnaeinae + (Lycaeninae + (Theclinae + Polyommatinae)))]. The gene content, gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and transfer RNA genes (sequence and structure) were highly conserved within Lycaenidae. TrnS1 not only lacked the dihydrouridine arm but also showed anticodon and copy number diversity. The ratios of non-synonymous substitutions to synonymous substitutions of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) were less than 1.0, indicating that all PCGs evolved under purifying selection. However, signals of positive selection were detected in cox1 in the two Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau lycaenid species, indicating that this gene may be associated with high-altitude adaptation. Three large non-coding regions, i.e., rrnS-trnM (control region), trnQ-nad2, and trnS2-nad1, were found in the mitogenomes of all lycaenid species. Conserved motifs in three non-coding regions (trnE-trnF, trnS1-trnE, and trnP-nad6) and long sequences in two non-coding regions (nad6-cob and cob-trnS2) were detected in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau lycaenid species, suggesting that these non-coding regions were involved in high-altitude adaptation. In addition to the characterization of Lycaenidae mitogenomes, this study highlights the importance of both PCGs and non-coding regions in high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shi-Yun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Su-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Ming-Long Yuan,
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Chan LM, Painter CW, Hill MT, Hibbitts TJ, Leavitt DJ, Ryberg WA, Walkup D, Fitzgerald LA. Phylogeographic structure of the dunes sagebrush lizard, an endemic habitat specialist. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238194. [PMID: 32936819 PMCID: PMC7494111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeographic divergence and population genetic diversity within species reflect the impacts of habitat connectivity, demographics, and landscape level processes in both the recent and distant past. Characterizing patterns of differentiation across the geographic range of a species provides insight on the roles of organismal and environmental traits in evolutionary divergence and future population persistence. This is particularly true of habitat specialists where habitat availability and resource dependence may result in pronounced genetic structure as well as increased population vulnerability. We use DNA sequence data as well as microsatellite genotypes to estimate range-wide phylogeographic divergence, historical population connectivity, and historical demographics in an endemic habitat specialist, the dunes sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus arenicolus). This species is found exclusively in dune blowouts and patches of open sand within the shinnery oak-sand dune ecosystem of southeastern New Mexico and adjacent Texas. We find evidence of phylogeographic structure consistent with breaks and constrictions in suitable habitat at the range-wide scale. In addition, we find support for a dynamic and variable evolutionary history across the range of S. arenicolus. Populations in the Monahans Sandhills have deeply divergent lineages consistent with long-term demographic stability. In contrast, populations in the Mescalero Sands are not highly differentiated, though we do find evidence of demographic expansion in some regions and relative demographic stability in others. Phylogeographic history and population genetic differentiation in this species has been shaped by the configuration of habitat patches within a geologically complex and historically dynamic landscape. Our findings identify regions as genetically distinctive conservation units as well as underscore the genetic and demographic history of different lineages of S. arenicolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Chan
- Department of Biology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles W. Painter
- Endangered Species Program, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - Toby J. Hibbitts
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Leavitt
- Natural Resources Program, Naval Facilities Engineering Command South West, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Wade A. Ryberg
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danielle Walkup
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lee A. Fitzgerald
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- EEB PhD Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Casacci LP, Bonelli S, Balletto E, Barbero F. Multimodal Signaling in Myrmecophilous Butterflies. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Combining stable isotope analysis with DNA metabarcoding improves inferences of trophic ecology. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219070. [PMID: 31329604 PMCID: PMC6645532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing what animals eat is fundamental to our ability to understand and manage biodiversity and ecosystems, but researchers often must rely on indirect methods to infer trophic position and food intake. Using an approach that combines evidence from stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding, we assessed the diet and trophic position of Anthene usamba butterflies, for which there are no known direct observations of larval feeding. An earlier study that analyzed adults rather than caterpillars of A. usamba inferred that this butterfly was aphytophagous, but we found that the larval guts of A. usamba and two known herbivorous lycaenid species contain chloroplast 16S sequences. Moreover, chloroplast barcoding revealed high sequence similarity between chloroplasts found in A. usamba guts and the chloroplasts of the Vachellia drepanolobium trees on which the caterpillars live. Stable isotope analysis provided further evidence that A. usamba caterpillars feed on V. drepanolobium, and the possibilities of strict herbivory versus limited omnivory in this species are discussed. These results highlight the importance of combining multiple approaches and considering ontogeny when using stable isotopes to infer trophic ecology where direct observations are difficult or impossible.
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