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Beer MA, Trumbo DR, Rautsaw RM, Kozakiewicz CP, Epstein B, Hohenlohe PA, Alford RA, Schwarzkopf L, Storfer A. Spatial variation in genomic signatures of local adaptation during the cane toad invasion of Australia. Mol Ecol 2024:e17464. [PMID: 38994885 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive evolution can facilitate species' range expansions across environmentally heterogeneous landscapes. However, serial founder effects can limit the efficacy of selection, and the evolution of increased dispersal during range expansions may result in gene flow swamping local adaptation. Here, we study how genetic drift, gene flow and selection interact during the cane toad's (Rhinella marina) invasion across the heterogeneous landscape of Australia. Following its introduction in 1935, the cane toad colonised eastern Australia and established several stable range edges. The ongoing, more rapid range expansion in north-central Australia has occurred concomitant with an evolved increase in dispersal capacity. Using reduced representation genomic data of Australian cane toads from the expansion front and from two areas of their established range, we test the hypothesis that high gene flow constrains local adaptation at the expansion front relative to established areas. Genetic analyses indicate the three study areas are genetically distinct but show similar levels of allelic richness, heterozygosity and inbreeding. Markedly higher gene flow or recency of colonisation at the expansion front have likely hindered local adaptation at the time of sampling, as indicated by reduced slopes of genetic-environment associations (GEAs) estimated using a novel application of geographically weighted regression that accounts for allele surfing; GEA slopes are significantly steeper in established parts of the range. Our work bolsters evidence supporting adaptation of invasive species post-introduction and adds novel evidence for differing strengths of evolutionary forces among geographic areas with different invasion histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Beer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Daryl R Trumbo
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University Pueblo, Pueblo, Colorado, USA
| | - Rhett M Rautsaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher P Kozakiewicz
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
| | - Brendan Epstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Hohenlohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Ross A Alford
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lin Schwarzkopf
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Hudson CM, Cuenca Cambronero M, Moosmann M, Narwani A, Spaak P, Seehausen O, Matthews B. Environmentally independent selection for hybrids between divergent freshwater stickleback lineages in semi-natural ponds. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1166-1184. [PMID: 37394735 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization following secondary contact of genetically divergent populations can influence the range expansion of invasive species, though specific outcomes depend on the environmental dependence of hybrid fitness. Here, using two genetically and ecologically divergent threespine stickleback lineages that differ in their history of freshwater colonization, we estimate fitness variation of parental lineages and hybrids in semi-natural freshwater ponds with contrasting histories of nutrient loading. In our experiment, we found that fish from the older freshwater lineage (Lake Geneva) and hybrids outperformed fish from the younger freshwater lineage (Lake Constance) in terms of both growth and survival, regardless of the environmental context of our ponds. Across all ponds, hybrids exhibited the highest survival. Although wild-caught adult populations differed in their functional and defence morphology, it is unclear which of these traits underlie the fitness differences observed among juveniles in our experiment. Overall, our work suggests that when hybrid fitness is insensitive to environmental conditions, as observed here, introgression may promote population expansion into unoccupied habitats and accelerate invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Marshall Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cuenca Cambronero
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Mittan-Moreau CS, Kelehear C, Toledo LF, Bacon J, Guayasamin JM, Snyder A, Zamudio KR. Cryptic lineages and standing genetic variation across independent cane toad introductions. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6440-6456. [PMID: 36198047 PMCID: PMC10091960 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Widespread introduced species can be leveraged to investigate the genetic, ecological and adaptive processes underlying rapid evolution and range expansion, particularly the contributions of genetic diversity to adaptation. Rhinella marina, the cane toad, has been a focus of invasion biology for decades in Australia. However, their introduction history in North America is less clear. Here, we investigated the roles of introduction history and genetic diversity in establishment success of cane toads across their introduced range. We used reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) to obtain 34,000 SNPs from 247 toads in native (French Guiana, Guyana, Ecuador, Panama, Texas) and introduced (Bermuda, southern Florida, northern Florida, Hawai'i, Puerto Rico) populations. Unlike all other cane toad introductions, we found that Florida populations were more closely related to native Central American lineages (R. horribilis), than to native Southern American lineages (R. marina). Furthermore, we found high levels of diversity and population structure in the native range, corroborating suggestions that R. marina is a species complex. We also found that introduced populations exhibit only slightly lower genetic diversity than native populations. Together with demographic analyses, this indicates founding populations of toads in Florida were larger than previously reported. Lastly, within R. marina, only one of 245 putatively adaptive SNPs showed fixed differences between native and introduced ranges, suggesting that putative selection in these introduced populations is based upon existing genetic variation. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic sequencing in understanding biological introductions and hint at the role of standing genetic variation in range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon S Mittan-Moreau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jamie Bacon
- Bermuda Zoological Society, Hamilton, Bermuda
| | - Juan M Guayasamin
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Backström T, Winkelmann C. Invasive round goby shows higher sensitivity to salinization than native European perch. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.75.86528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is an influential abiotic environmental factor in aquatic species, specifically in freshwater, where salinization causes ecosystem degradation. Secondary salinization, that is increases in salinity due to anthropogenic activities, can affect both osmoregulation and behaviour in freshwater fishes. It is generally believed that invasive species handle climatic change and environmental degradation better than native species, which is one reason for their invasion success. However, how invasive and native species cope with salinity changes remains little understood. Therefore, we investigated how low (500 µS/cm) and high salinity (2000 µS/cm) conditions affected oxygen consumption and behaviour in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and the native European perch (Perca fluviatilis). Our results showed that in round goby oxygen consumption increased and swimming and non-swimming movements changed in response to salinity increments, whereas European perch was not affected by salinity. Thus, it seems as if the invasive round goby is more sensitive to changes in salinity than the native European perch. Our results fit with the minority of studies indicating invasive species being less tolerant than some native species to environmental changes. This finding could be explained by the adaptation of round goby to low salinity due to its long establishment in River Rhine. Further, our results are also confirming that the effect of salinity is species-specific. In addition, European perch and round goby show diametrically different behavioural response to disturbance which could be an effect of holding different ecological niches as well as their anatomical differences.
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Wijethunga U, Greenlees M, Elphick M, Shine R. No evidence for cold-adapted life-history traits in cool-climate populations of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266708. [PMID: 35390099 PMCID: PMC8989335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an invasive organism spreads into a novel environment, it may encounter strong selective pressures to adapt to abiotic and biotic challenges. We examined the effect of water temperature during larval life on rates of survival and growth of the early life-history stages of cane toads (Rhinella marina) from two geographic regions (tropical vs. temperate) in the species’ invaded range in eastern Australia. If local adaptation at the southern (cool-climate) invasion front has extended the cold-tolerance of early life-stages, we would expect to see higher viability of southern-population toads under cooler conditions. Our comparisons revealed no such divergence: the effects of water temperature on rates of larval survival and growth, time to metamorphosis, size at metamorphosis and locomotor performance of metamorphs were similar in both sets of populations. In two cases where tropical and temperate-zone populations diverged in responses to temperature, the tropical animals performed better at low to medium temperatures than did conspecifics from cooler regions. Adaptation to low temperatures in the south might be constrained by behavioural shifts (e.g., in reproductive seasonality, spawning-site selection) that allow toads to breed in warmer water even in cool climates, by gene flow from warmer-climate populations, or by phylogenetic conservatism in these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uditha Wijethunga
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Greenlees
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Elphick
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Yao Z, Huang K, Qi Y. Post-exercise Hypothermia Varies Between High- and Low-Altitude Populations in the Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.846663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether and how poikilothermic animals change their thermal performance to cope with global warming are crucial questions to predict the future of biodiversity. Intraspecific comparison among populations that occur in different climatic zones can provide insight into how poikilotherms may alter their thermal performance under a particular climatic event. We compared populations of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) from two altitudinal zones (3239 and 926 m above sea level) to explore variations of post-exercise hypothermia, which can lead to lower temperature preference than normal conditions. Common garden experiment was also employed to test plasticity of hypothermic performance in adult toads. As results, exhaustive exercise induced measurable reduction in body temperature for both populations. Furthermore, high-altitude population experienced larger reduction in body temperature than low-altitude conspecifics in both original habitat and common garden conditions. Therefore, low-altitude toads may to enhance their hypothermic reaction if they shift their ranges to higher altitudes to survive warming climate; However, the relatively limited plasticity of hypothermic performance may constraint their adaptative process.
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Zamora-Camacho FJ. The relationships between toad behaviour, antipredator defences, and spatial and sexual variation in predation pressure. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12985. [PMID: 35194533 PMCID: PMC8858576 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal behaviour is under strong selection. Selection on behaviour, however, might not act in isolation from other fitness-related traits. Since predators represent outstanding selective forces, animal behaviour could covary with antipredator defences, such that individuals better suited against predators could afford facing the costs of riskier behaviours. Moreover, not all individuals undergo equivalent degrees of predation pressure, which can vary across sexes or habitats. Individuals under lower predation pressure might also exhibit riskier behaviours. METHODS In this work, I tested these hypotheses on natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita). Specifically, I gauged activity time, exploratory behaviour and boldness in standard laboratory conditions, and assessed whether they correlated with body size and antipredator strategies, namely sprint speed, parotoid gland area and parotoid gland colour contrast. Additionally, I compared these traits between sexes and individuals from an agrosystem and pine grove, since there is evidence that males and agrosystem individuals are subjected to greater predation pressure. RESULTS Sprint speed as well as parotoid gland contrast and size appeared unrelated to the behavioural traits studied. In turn, body mass was negatively related to activity time, boldness and exploration. This trend is consistent with the fact that larger toads could be more detectable to their predators, which are mostly gape unconstrained and could easily consume them. As predicted, females exhibited riskier behaviours. Nonetheless, agrosystem toads did not differ from pine grove toads in the behavioural traits measured, despite being under stronger predation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain,Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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de Rysky E, Roberta B, Andrea C, Daniele C. Measuring athletic performance in post-metamorphic fire salamanders. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:399. [PMID: 34702356 PMCID: PMC8549336 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Athletic performances are dynamic movements that are physically challenging and often predict individual success in ecological contexts. They stem from a complex integration of multiple phenotypic traits-e.g., morphological, physiological and behavioural-that dictate animal survival and individual fitness. However, directly quantifying athletic performances can be particularly challenging in cryptic, slow-moving species or not very reactive in attitude. Here we present and describe a rapid, simple, and low-cost method to measure athletic performance in post-metamorphic individuals of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra. While extremely reactive during the larval stage, adult salamanders are, in fact, cryptic and relatively slow-moving. RESULTS Forcing terrestrial juveniles to swim under standard, albeit ecologically plausible, laboratory conditions, and using an automatic point-mass tracking tool, we were able to measure maximal and average performance indicators of post-metamorphic individuals. This method avoids inter-individual variation in motivation, as it forces individuals to perform at their best. Moreover, with this method, measures of athletic performance will be directly comparable between larval and terrestrial stages, allowing to study the contribution of carryover effects to the wide range of processes implicated in the eco-evo-devo of athletic performance in salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica de Rysky
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Bisconti Roberta
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Chiocchio Andrea
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Canestrelli Daniele
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Licata F, Andreone F, Crottini A, Harison RF, Ficetola GF. Does spatial sorting occur in the invasive Asian toad in Madagascar? Insights into the invasion unveiled by morphological analyses. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Licata
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rodino Fetraharijaona Harison
- ISSEDD (Institut Supérieur de Science, Environnement et Développement Durable) Université de Toamasina Toamasina Madagascar
- Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group Toamasina Madagascar
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine CNRS Université Savoie Mont Blanc LECA Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
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Variation in size and shape of toxin glands among cane toads from native-range and invasive populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:936. [PMID: 33441802 PMCID: PMC7806831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
If optimal investment in anti-predator defences depends on predation risk, invading new regions (and thus, encountering different predators) may favour shifts in that investment. Cane toads offer an ideal system to test this prediction: expensive anti-predator toxins are stored mainly in parotoid glands whose dimensions are easy to measure, and toad invasions have changed the suites of predators they encounter. Although plasticity may influence parotoid morphology, comparisons between parents and progeny revealed that gland dimensions were highly heritable. That heritability supports the plausibility of an evolved basis to variation in gland dimensions. Measurements of 3779 adult toads show that females have larger glands than males, invasive populations have larger glands than in the native-range, and that parotoid sexual size dimorphism varies strongly among invaded areas. Geographic variation in parotoid morphology may be driven by predation risk to both adult toads and offspring (provisioned with toxins by their mother), with toxins allocated to eggs exacerbating the risk of cannibalism but reducing the risk of interspecific predation. Investment into chemical defences has evolved rapidly during the cane toad’s international diaspora, consistent with the hypothesis that organisms flexibly adjust resource allocation to anti-predator tactics in response to novel challenges.
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