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Zhang X, Dai H, Huang Y, Liu K, Li X, Zhang S, Fu S, Jiao S, Chen C, Dong B, Yang Z, Cui Y, Li H, Liu S. Species pool, local assembly processes: Disentangling the mechanisms determining bacterial α- and β-diversity during forest secondary succession. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17241. [PMID: 38078555 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Across ecology, and particularly within microbial ecology, there is limited understanding how the generation and maintenance of diversity. Although recent work has shown that both local assembly processes and species pools are important in structuring microbial communities, the relative contributions of these mechanisms remain an important question. Moreover, the roles of local assembly processes and species pools are drastically different when explicitly considering the potential for saturation or unsaturation, yet this issue is rarely addressed. Thus, we established a conceptual model that incorporated saturation theory into the microbiological domain to advance the understanding of mechanisms controlling soil bacterial diversity during forest secondary succession. Conceptual model hypotheses were tested by coupling soil bacterial diversity, local assembly processes and species pools using six different forest successional chronosequences distributed across multiple climate zones. Consistent with the unsaturated case proposed in our conceptual framework, we found that species pool consistently affected α-diversity, even while local assembly processes on local richness operate. In contrast, the effects of species pool on β-diversity disappeared once local assembly processes were taken into account, and changes in environmental conditions during secondary succession led to shifts in β-diversity through mediation of the strength of heterogeneous selection. Overall, this study represents one of the first to demonstrate that most local bacterial communities might be unsaturated, where the effect of species pool on α-diversity is robust to the consideration of multiple environmental influences, but β-diversity is constrained by environmental selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Qinling National Forest Research Station, Ningshan, China
| | - Handan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongtao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuoxin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Qinling National Forest Research Station, Ningshan, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Wu H, Dong S, Rao B. Latitudinal trends in the structure, similarity and beta diversity of plant communities invaded by Alternanthera philoxeroides in heterogeneous habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1021337. [PMID: 36275507 PMCID: PMC9583019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Variations in latitudinal gradients could lead to changes in the performance and ecological effects of invasive plants and thus may affect the species composition, distribution and interspecific substitution of native plant communities. However, variations in structure, similarity and beta (β) diversity within invaded communities across latitudinal gradients in heterogeneous habitats remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a two-year field survey along 21°N to 37°N in China, to examine the differential effects of the amphibious invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides on native plant communities in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. We compared the differences in the invasion importance value (IV), species distribution, community similarity (Jaccard index and Sorenson index) and β diversity (Bray-Curtis index and βsim index) between terrestrial and aquatic communities invaded by A. philoxeroides, as well as analyzed their latitudinal trends. We found that the IV of A. philoxeroides and β diversity in aquatic habitats were all significantly higher than that of terrestrial, while the terrestrial habitat had a higher community similarity values. The aquatic A. philoxeroides IV increased with increasing latitude, while the terrestrial IV had no significant latitudinal trend. With increasing latitude, the component proportion of cold- and drought-tolerant species in the terrestrial communities increased, and the dominant accompanying species in the aquatic communities gradually changed from hygrophytes and floating plants to emerged and submerged plants. In addition, the aquatic communities had lower community similarity values and higher β diversity in higher latitudinal regions, while terrestrial communities had the opposite parameters in these regions. Our study indicates that the bioresistance capacities of the native communities to invasive A. philoxeroides in heterogeneous habitats are different; A. philoxeroides invasion leads to higher community homogenization in terrestrial habitats than in aquatic habitats, and terrestrial communities experience more severe homogenization in higher latitudinal regions. These findings are crucial for predicting the dynamics of invasive plant communities under rapid global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijin Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Benqiang Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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Abstract
Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these patterns hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data on 170,272 georeferenced local plant assemblages, we created global maps of alpha diversity (local species richness) for vascular plants at three different spatial grains, for forests and non-forests. We show that alpha diversity is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), but regional 'scaling anomalies' (deviations from the positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly in Eurasian temperate forests with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness and many African tropical forests with disproportionally higher coarse-grained richness. The influence of different climatic, topographic and biogeographical variables on alpha diversity also varies across grains. Our multi-grain maps return a nuanced understanding of vascular plant biodiversity patterns that complements classic maps of biodiversity hotspots and will improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.
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Liu J, Burgess KS, Ge X. Species pool size and rainfall account for the relationship between biodiversity and biomass production in natural forests of China. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8838. [PMID: 35475188 PMCID: PMC9022444 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of biodiversity–biomass production relationships increases with increasing environmental stress and time. However, we know little about the effects of abiotic (e.g., climate) and biotic (e.g., species pool and community composition) factors on this trend. Whether variation in biomass production is best explained by phylogenetic diversity metrics or traditional measures of species richness also remains elusive. We compiled estimates of community composition and biomass production for tree species in 111 permanent quadrats spanning three natural forests (tropical, subtropical, and temperate) in China. Based on ~10 years of data, we compared temperature, rainfall, species pool size, and community composition in each forest each year. We estimated species richness and phylogenetic diversity in each quadrat each year; the latter metric was based on the sum of branch lengths of a phylogeny that connects species in each quadrat each year. Using generalized linear mixed‐effect models, we found that top‐ranked models included the interaction between forest and biodiversity and the interaction between forest and year for both biodiversity metrics. Variation in biomass production was best explained by phylogenetic diversity; biomass production generally increased with phylogenetic diversity, and the relationship was stronger in subtropical and temperate forests. Increasing species pool size, temperature, and rainfall and decreasing inter‐quadrat dissimilarity range shifted the relationship between biomass production and phylogenetic diversity from positive to neutral. When considered alone, species pool size had the strongest influence on biomass production, while species pool size, rainfall, and their interaction with phylogenetic diversity constituted the top‐ranked model. Our study highlights the importance of species pool size and rainfall on the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and biomass production in natural forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of Biology Columbus State University, University System of Georgia Columbus Georgia USA
| | - Xue‐Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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