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Zhou Y, Wu F, Wu J, Overmans S, Ye M, Xiao M, Peng B, Xu L, Huang J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Liang S, Zhang H, Liang X, Zhong Z, Liu H, Ruan Z, Xia J, Jin P. The adaptive mechanisms of the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii to long-term high CO 2 and warming. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38943614 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
While it is known that increased dissolved CO2 concentrations and rising sea surface temperature (ocean warming) can act interactively on marine phytoplankton, the ultimate molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction on a long-term evolutionary scale are relatively unexplored. Here, we performed transcriptomics and quantitative metabolomics analyses, along with a physiological trait analysis, on the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii adapted for approximately 3.5 years to warming and/or high CO2 conditions. We show that long-term warming has more pronounced impacts than elevated CO2 on gene expression, resulting in a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The largest number of DEGs was observed in populations adapted to warming + high CO2, indicating a potential synergistic interaction between these factors. We further identified the metabolic pathways in which the DEGs function and the metabolites with significantly changed abundances. We found that ribosome biosynthesis-related pathways were upregulated to meet the increased material and energy demands after warming or warming in combination with high CO2. This resulted in the upregulation of energy metabolism pathways such as glycolysis, photorespiration, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, as well as the associated metabolites. These metabolic changes help compensate for reduced photochemical efficiency and photosynthesis. Our study emphasizes that the upregulation of ribosome biosynthesis plays an essential role in facilitating the adaptation of phytoplankton to global ocean changes and elucidates the interactive effects of warming and high CO2 on the adaptation of marine phytoplankton in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fenghuang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Baoyi Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Leyao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haobin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zuoxi Ruan
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Fu F, Tschitschko B, Hutchins DA, Larsson ME, Baker KG, McInnes A, Kahlke T, Verma A, Murray SA, Doblin MA. Temperature variability interacts with mean temperature to influence the predictability of microbial phenotypes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5741-5754. [PMID: 35795906 PMCID: PMC9543556 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their relatively high thermal optima (Topt ), tropical taxa may be particularly vulnerable to a rising baseline and increased temperature variation because they live in relatively stable temperatures closer to their Topt . We examined how microbial eukaryotes with differing thermal histories responded to temperature fluctuations of different amplitudes (0 control, ±2, ±4°C) around mean temperatures below or above their Topt . Cosmopolitan dinoflagellates were selected based on their distinct thermal traits and included two species of the same genus (tropical and temperate Coolia spp.), and two strains of the same species maintained at different temperatures for >500 generations (tropical Amphidinium massartii control temperature and high temperature, CT and HT, respectively). There was a universal decline in population growth rate under temperature fluctuations, but strains with narrower thermal niche breadth (temperate Coolia and HT) showed ~10% greater reduction in growth. At suboptimal mean temperatures, cells in the cool phase of the fluctuation stopped dividing, fixed less carbon (C) and had enlarged cell volumes that scaled positively with elemental C, N, and P and C:Chlorophyll-a. However, at a supra-optimal mean temperature, fixed C was directed away from cell division and novel trait combinations developed, leading to greater phenotypic diversity. At the molecular level, heat-shock proteins, and chaperones, in addition to transcripts involving genome rearrangements, were upregulated in CT and HT during the warm phase of the supra-optimal fluctuation (30 ± 4°C), a stress response indicating protection. In contrast, the tropical Coolia species upregulated major energy pathways in the warm phase of its supra-optimal fluctuation (25 ± 4°C), indicating a broadscale shift in metabolism. Our results demonstrate divergent effects between taxa and that temporal variability in environmental conditions interacts with changes in the thermal mean to mediate microbial responses to global change, with implications for biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei‐Xue Fu
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bernhard Tschitschko
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany
| | - David A. Hutchins
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michaela E. Larsson
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kirralee G. Baker
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Allison McInnes
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical SciencesTranslational Research Institute, Queensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Arjun Verma
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shauna A. Murray
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Martina A. Doblin
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
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