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Lee HC, Wu B, Dai P, Wan M, Lipatnikov AN. Turbulent burning velocity and thermodiffusive instability of premixed flames. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:035101. [PMID: 37849164 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Reported in the paper are results of unsteady three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of laminar and turbulent, lean hydrogen-air, complex-chemistry flames propagating in forced turbulence in a box. To explore the eventual influence of thermodiffusive instability of laminar flames on turbulent burning velocity, (i) a critical length scale Λ_{n} that bounds regimes of unstable and stable laminar combustion is numerically determined by gradually decreasing the width Λ of computational domain until a stable laminar flame is obtained, and (ii) simulations of turbulent flames are performed by varying the width from Λ<Λ_{n} (in this case, the instability is suppressed) to Λ>Λ_{n} (in this case, the instability may grow). Moreover, simulations are performed either using mixture-averaged transport properties (low Lewis number flames) or setting diffusivities of all species equal to heat diffusivity of the mixture (equidiffusive flames), with all other things being equal. Obtained results show a significant increase in turbulent burning velocity U_{T} when the boundary Λ=Λ_{n} is crossed in weak turbulence, but almost equal values of U_{T} are computed at Λ<Λ_{n} and Λ>Λ_{n} in moderately turbulent flames characterized by a Karlovitz number equal to 3.4 or larger. These results imply that thermodiffusive instability of laminar premixed flames substantially affects burning velocity in weak turbulence only, in line with a simple criterion proposed by Chomiak and Lipatnikov (Phys. Rev. E 107, 015102, (2023)10.1103/PhysRevE.107.015102).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Chew Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Turbulence Research and Applications, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - B Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Turbulence Research and Applications, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Turbulence Research and Applications, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Minping Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Turbulence Research and Applications, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Jiaxing, 314031, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrei N Lipatnikov
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 412 96, Sweden
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Arjmandi H, Amini R, Kashfi M, Abikenari MA, Davani A. Minimizing the COVID-19 spread in hospitals through optimization of ventilation systems. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2022; 34:037103. [PMID: 35342279 PMCID: PMC8939549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has overwhelmed hospitals with patients in need of intensive care, which is often limited in capacity and is generally reserved for patients with critical conditions. This has led to higher chances of infection being spread to non-COVID-19 patients and healthcare workers and an overall increased probability of cross contamination. The effects of design parameters on the performance of ventilation systems to control the spread of airborne particles in intensive care units are studied numerically. Four different cases are considered, and the spread of particles is studied. Two new criteria for the ventilation system-viz., dimensionless timescale and extraction timescale-are introduced and their performances are compared. Furthermore, an optimization process is performed to understand the effects of design variables (inlet width, velocity, and temperature) on the thermal comfort conditions (predicted mean vote, percentage of people dissatisfied, and air change effectiveness) according to suggested standard values and the relations for calculating these parameters based on the design variables are proposed. Desirability functions that are comprised of all three thermal condition parameters are used to determine the range of variables that result in thermally comfortable conditions and a maximum desirability of 0.865 is obtained. The results show that a poorly designed ventilation system acts like a perfectly stirred reactor-which enormously increases the possibilities of contamination-and that when air is injected from the ceiling and extracted from behind the patient beds, the infection spread is least probable since the particles exit the room orders of magnitude faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arjmandi
- MR CFD LLC. No 49, Gakhokidze Street, Isani-Samgori District, Tbilisi 0182, Georgia
| | - Reza Amini
- MR CFD LLC. No 49, Gakhokidze Street, Isani-Samgori District, Tbilisi 0182, Georgia
| | - Mehdi Kashfi
- MR CFD LLC. No 49, Gakhokidze Street, Isani-Samgori District, Tbilisi 0182, Georgia
| | - Matthew Alexander Abikenari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ashkan Davani
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
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Dynamics of Thermoacoustic Oscillations in Swirl Stabilized Combustor without and with Porous Inert Media. JOURNAL OF COMBUSTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5440457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lean premixed (LPM) combustion processes are of increased interest to the gas turbine industry due to their reduction in harmful emissions. These processes are susceptible to thermoacoustic instabilities, which are produced when energy added by an in-phase relationship between unsteady heat release and acoustic pressure is greater than energy dissipated by loss mechanisms. To better study these instabilities, quantitative experimental resolution of heat release is necessary, but it presents a significant challenge. Most combustion systems are partially premixed and therefore will have spatially varying equivalence ratios, resulting in spatially variant heat release rates. For laminar premixed flames, optical diagnostics, such as OH chemiluminescence, are proportionally related to heat release. This is not true for turbulent and partially premixed flames, which are common in commercial combustors. Turbulent eddies effect the strain on flame sheets which alter light emission, such that there is no longer a proportional relationship. In this study, phased, averaged, and spatially varying heat release measurements are performed during a self-excited thermoacoustic instability without and with porous inert media (PIM). Previous studies have shown that PIM can passively mitigate thermoacoustic instabilities, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first-time that heat release rates have been quantified for investigating the mechanisms responsible for mitigating instabilities using PIM. Heat release is determined from high-speed PIV and Abel inverted chemiluminescence emission. OH
chemiluminescence is used with a correction factor, computed from a chemical kinetics solver, to calculate heat release. The results and discussion show that along with significant acoustic damping, PIM eliminates the direct path in which heat release regions can be influenced by incoming perturbations, through disruption of the higher energy containing flow structures and improved mixing.
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Alternative approaches to the reaction rate modelling in gas explosion simulation using STOKES. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Propagation of either an infinitely thin interface or a reaction wave of a nonzero thickness in forced, constant-density, statistically stationary, homogeneous, isotropic turbulence is simulated by solving unsteady 3D Navier–Stokes equations and either a level set (G) or a reaction-diffusion equation, respectively, with all other things being equal. In the case of the interface, the fully developed bulk consumption velocity normalized using the laminar-wave speed SL depends linearly on the normalized rms velocity u′/SL. In the case of the reaction wave of a nonzero thickness, dependencies of the normalized bulk consumption velocity on u′/SL show bending, with the effect being increased by a ratio of the laminar-wave thickness to the turbulence length scale. The obtained bending effect is controlled by a decrease in the rate of an increase δAF in the reaction-zone-surface area with increasing u′/SL. In its turn, the bending of the δAF(u′/SL)-curves stems from inefficiency of small-scale turbulent eddies in wrinkling the reaction-zone surface, because such small-scale wrinkles characterized by a high local curvature are smoothed out by molecular transport within the reaction wave.
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Yu R, Lipatnikov AN. Direct numerical simulation study of statistically stationary propagation of a reaction wave in homogeneous turbulence. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063101. [PMID: 28709298 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulation (DNS) study of the propagation of a reaction wave in forced, constant-density, statistically stationary, homogeneous, isotropic turbulence is performed by solving Navier-Stokes and reaction-diffusion equations at various (from 0.5 to 10) ratios of the rms turbulent velocity U^{'} to the laminar wave speed, various (from 2.1 to 12.5) ratios of an integral length scale of the turbulence to the laminar wave thickness, and two Zeldovich numbers Ze=6.0 and 17.1. Accordingly, the Damköhler and Karlovitz numbers are varied from 0.2 to 25.1 and from 0.4 to 36.2, respectively. Contrary to an earlier DNS study of self-propagation of an infinitely thin front in statistically the same turbulence, the bending of dependencies of the mean wave speed on U^{'} is simulated in the case of a nonzero thickness of the local reaction wave. The bending effect is argued to be controlled by inefficiency of the smallest scale turbulent eddies in wrinkling the reaction-zone surface, because such small-scale wrinkles are rapidly smoothed out by molecular transport within the local reaction wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Yu
- Division of Fluid Mechanics, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrei N Lipatnikov
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, 412 96, Sweden
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Lipatnikov AN, Li WY, Jiang LJ, Shy SS. Does Density Ratio Significantly Affect Turbulent Flame Speed? FLOW, TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION 2017; 98:1153-1172. [PMID: 30069153 PMCID: PMC6044255 DOI: 10.1007/s10494-017-9801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to experimentally study whether or not the density ratio σ substantially affects flame displacement speed at low and moderate turbulent intensities, two stoichiometric methane/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures characterized by the same laminar flame speed SL = 0.36 m/s, but substantially different σ were designed using (i) preheating from Tu = 298 to 423 K in order to increase SL , but to decrease σ, and (ii) dilution with nitrogen in order to further decrease σ and to reduce SL back to the initial value. As a result, the density ratio was reduced from 7.52 to 4.95. In both reference and preheated/diluted cases, direct images of statistically spherical laminar and turbulent flames that expanded after spark ignition in the center of a large 3D cruciform burner were recorded and processed in order to evaluate the mean flame radius R¯ft and flame displacement speed St=σ-1dR¯fdt with respect to unburned gas. The use of two counter-rotating fans and perforated plates for near-isotropic turbulence generation allowed us to vary the rms turbulent velocity u' by changing the fan frequency. In this study, u' was varied from 0.14 to 1.39 m/s. For each set of initial conditions (two different mixture compositions, two different temperatures Tu , and six different u') , five (respectively, three) statistically equivalent runs were performed in turbulent (respectively, laminar) environment. The obtained experimental data do not show any significant effect of the density ratio on St . Moreover, the flame displacement speeds measured at u'/SL = 0.4 are close to the laminar flame speeds in all investigated cases. These results imply, in particular, a minor effect of the density ratio on flame displacement speed in spark ignition engines and support simulations of the engine combustion using models that (i) do not allow for effects of the density ratio on St and (ii) have been validated against experimental data obtained under the room conditions, i.e. at higher σ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Lipatnikov
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W. Y. Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taiwan
| | - L. J. Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taiwan
| | - S. S. Shy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-li, Taiwan
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Goulier J, Chaumeix N, Halter F, Meynet N, Bentaïb A. Experimental study of laminar and turbulent flame speed of a spherical flame in a fan-stirred closed vessel for hydrogen safety application. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Large Eddy Simulation of a Swirl-Stabilized Pilot Combustor from Conventional to Flameless Mode. JOURNAL OF COMBUSTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/8261560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates flame and flow structure of a swirl-stabilized pilot combustor in conventional, high temperature, and flameless modes by means of a partially stirred reactor combustion model to provide a better insight into designing lean premixed combustion devices with preheating system. Finite rate chemistry combustion model with one step tuned mechanism and large eddy simulation is used to numerically simulate six cases in these modes. Results show that moving towards high temperature mode by increasing the preheating level, the combustor is prone to formation of thermalNOxwith higher risks of flashback. In addition, the flame becomes shorter and thinner with higher turbulent kinetic energies. On the other hand, towards the flameless mode, leaning the preheated mixture leads to almost thermalNOx-free combustion with lower risk of flashback and thicker and longer flames. Simulations also show qualitative agreements with available experiments, indicating that the current combustion model with one step tuned mechanisms is capable of capturing main features of the turbulent flame in a wide range of mixture temperature and equivalence ratios.
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Hasslberger J, Boeck LR, Sattelmayer T. Numerical simulation of deflagration-to-detonation transition in large confined volumes. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Velikorodny A, Studer E, Kudriakov S, Beccantini A. Combustion modeling in large scale volumes using EUROPLEXUS code. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karnesky J, Chatterjee P, Tamanini F, Dorofeev S. An application of 3D gasdynamic modeling for the prediction of overpressures in vented enclosures. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wallesten J, Lipatnikov AN, Nisbet J. Turbulent Flame Speed Closure Model: Further Development and Implementation for 3-D Simulation of Combustion in SI Engine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.4271/982613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kobayashi H, Kawabata Y, Maruta K. Experimental study on general correlation of turbulent burning velocity at high pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bradley D, Gaskell P, Gu X. The mathematical modeling of liftoff and blowoff of turbulent non-premixed methane jet flames at high strain rates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bradley D, Gaskell P, Gu X. The modeling of aerodynamic strain rate and flame curvature effects in premixed turbulent combustion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pritchard D, Freeman D, Guilbert P. Prediction of explosion pressures in confined spaces. J Loss Prev Process Ind 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0950-4230(96)00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karpov V, Lipatnikov A, imont V. A test of an engineering model of premixed turbulent combustion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ronney PD, Haslam BD, Rhys NO. Front propagation rates in randomly stirred media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:3804-3807. [PMID: 10058301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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