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Vasileiou T, Llorens JM, Buencuerpo J, Ripalda JM, Izzo D, Summerer L. Light absorption enhancement and radiation hardening for triple junction solar cell through bioinspired nanostructures. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2021; 16:056010. [PMID: 34102615 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-junction solar cells constitute the main source of power for space applications. However, exposure of solar cells to the space radiation environment significantly degrades their performance across the mission lifetime. Here, we seek to improve the radiation hardness of the triple junction solar cell, GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge, by decreasing the thickness of the more sensitive middle junction. Thin junctions facilitate the collection of minority carriers and show slower degradation due to defects. However, thinning the junction decreases the absorption, and consequently, the expected photocurrent. To compensate for this loss, we examined two bioinspired surface patterns that exhibit anti-reflective and light-trapping properties: (a) the moth-eye structure which enables vision in poorly illuminated environments and (b) the patterns of the hard cell of a unicellular photosynthetic micro-alga, the diatoms. We parametrize and optimize the biomimetic structures, aiming to maximize the absorbed light by the solar cell while achieving significant reduction in the middle junction thickness. The density of the radiation-induced defects is independent of the junction thickness, as we demonstrate using Monte Carlo simulations, allowing the direct comparison of different combinations of middle junction thicknesses and light trapping structures. We incorporate the radiation effects into the solar cell model as a decrease in minority carrier lifetime and an increase in surface recombination velocity, and we quantify the gain in efficiency for different combinations of junction thickness and the light-trapping structure at equal radiation damage. Solar cells with thin junctions compensated by the light-trapping structures offer a promising approach to improve solar cell radiation hardness and robustness, with up to 2% higher end-of-life efficiency than the commonly used configuration at high radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vasileiou
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - José M Llorens
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Buencuerpo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ripalda
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dario Izzo
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Leopold Summerer
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 2201AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
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Thermal kinetic analysis of exothermic nature and cupric ion catalysis of electronic-grade etching solutions by using calorimetry. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.103924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nagai M, Nakanishi K, Takahashi H, Kato H, Makino T, Yamasaki S, Matsumoto T, Inokuma T, Tokuda N. Anisotropic diamond etching through thermochemical reaction between Ni and diamond in high-temperature water vapour. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6687. [PMID: 29703922 PMCID: PMC5923242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond possesses excellent physical and electronic properties, and thus various applications that use diamond are under development. Additionally, the control of diamond geometry by etching technique is essential for such applications. However, conventional wet processes used for etching other materials are ineffective for diamond. Moreover, plasma processes currently employed for diamond etching are not selective, and plasma-induced damage to diamond deteriorates the device-performances. Here, we report a non-plasma etching process for single crystal diamond using thermochemical reaction between Ni and diamond in high-temperature water vapour. Diamond under Ni films was selectively etched, with no etching at other locations. A diamond-etching rate of approximately 8.7 μm/min (1000 °C) was successfully achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this rate is considerably greater than those reported so far for other diamond-etching processes, including plasma processes. The anisotropy observed for this diamond etching was considerably similar to that observed for Si etching using KOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Nagai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiraku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Makino
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takao Inokuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Norio Tokuda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.
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Peng CY, Hsu CW, Li CW, Wang PL, Jeng CC, Chang CC, Wang GJ. Flexible Photonic Crystal Material for Multiple Anticounterfeiting Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9858-9864. [PMID: 29493214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nanoimprinting method was introduced to fabricate polycarbonate films with transparent and flexible photonic crystal (FPC) structures. The fabricated flexible polymer films display a full-color grating because of the nanohemispherical structures on the surface. Through the Bragg diffraction formula, it was confirmed that the FPC polymer films transfer a part of the light energy to the second-order diffraction spectrum. Furthermore, the full-color grating properties can be modulated through geometric deformation because of the film's elasticity. Additionally, anticounterfeiting features were also successfully achieved when the polymer films were either engraved with drawings and bent or patterned with fluorophores, which can be revealed under ultraviolet light. The most important aspect of this research is that the preparation of this FPC-structured polymer film is inexpensive and convenient, enabling the mass production of a new generation of smart materials.
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Peng CY, Hsu CW, Li CW, Wang GJ. Using Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film and Nanoimprint to Produce Polymer Anti-counterfeit Labels. SMART SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2017.1336153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gou-Jen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Stavroulakis PI, Boden SA, Johnson T, Bagnall DM. Suppression of backscattered diffraction from sub-wavelength 'moth-eye' arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:1-11. [PMID: 23388890 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The eyes and wings of some species of moth are covered with arrays of nanoscale features that dramatically reduce reflection of light. There have been multiple examples where this approach has been adapted for use in antireflection and antiglare technologies with the fabrication of artificial moth-eye surfaces. In this work, the suppression of iridescence caused by the diffraction of light from such artificial regular moth-eye arrays at high angles of incidence is achieved with the use of a new tiled domain design, inspired by the arrangement of features on natural moth-eye surfaces. This bio-mimetic pillar architecture contains high optical rotational symmetry and can achieve high levels of diffraction order power reduction. For example, a tiled design fabricated in silicon and consisting of domains with 9 different orientations of the traditional hexagonal array exhibited a ~96% reduction in the intensity of the -1 diffraction order. It is suggested natural moth-eye surfaces have evolved a tiled domain structure as it confers efficient antireflection whilst avoiding problems with high angle diffraction. This combination of antireflection and stealth properties increases chances of survival by reducing the risk of the insect being spotted by a predator. Furthermore, the tiled domain design could lead to more effective artificial moth-eye arrays for antiglare and stealth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros I Stavroulakis
- Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK. .ac.uk
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Kalay Z. Fundamental and functional aspects of mesoscopic architectures with examples in physics, cell biology, and chemistry. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 46:310-26. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.582081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Kalay
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Li JG, Kuo SW. Phase behavior of mesoporous nanostructures templated by amphiphilic crystalline–crystalline diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide-b-ε-caprolactone). RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Liu YC, Moore JD, Roussel TJ, Gubbins KE. Dual diffusion mechanism of argon confined in single-walled carbon nanotube bundles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6632-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b927152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pollard ME, Parker GJ. Low-contrast bandgaps of a planar parabolic spiral lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:2805-2807. [PMID: 19756111 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that a planar aperiodic lattice, mimicking the appearance of a sunflower, supports photonic bandgaps for weak dielectric contrast. The pattern's high orientational order and spatially uniform modal pitch yields an isotropic Fourier space. A 2D structure of cylinders (=2) in air possesses a wide 21% TM bandgap, versus 5.6% for a sixfold lattice or 14% for a 12-fold fractal tiling. The isotropic gap frequencies imply flat bands, and thus application in nonlinear optics and low threshold lasers, where a reduced group velocity in all directions may be desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Pollard
- Nano Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton,Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Abstract
Biomimetics is the extraction of good design from nature. One approach to optical biomimetics focuses on the use of conventional engineering methods to make direct analogues of the reflectors and anti-reflectors found in nature. However, recent collaborations between biologists, physicists, engineers, chemists and materials scientists have ventured beyond experiments that merely mimic what happens in nature, leading to a thriving new area of research involving biomimetics through cell culture. In this new approach, the nanoengineering efficiency of living cells is harnessed and natural organisms such as diatoms and viruses are used to make nanostructures that could have commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Parker
- Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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