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Alsaleh AZ, Pinjari D, Misra R, D'Souza F. Far-Red Excitation Induced Electron Transfer in Bis Donor-AzaBODIPY Push-Pull Systems; Role of Nitrogenous Donors in Promoting Charge Separation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301659. [PMID: 37401835 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A far-red absorbing sensitizer, BF2 -chelated azadipyrromethane (azaBODIPY) has been employed as an electron acceptor to synthesize a series of push-pull systems linked with different nitrogenous electron donors, viz., N,N-dimethylaniline (NND), triphenylamine (TPA), and phenothiazine (PTZ) via an acetylene linker. The structural integrity of the newly synthesized push-pull systems was established by spectroscopic, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and DFT computational methods. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry studies revealed different redox states and helped in the estimation of the energies of the charge-separated states. Further, spectroelectrochemical studies performed in a thin-layer optical cell revealed diagnostic peaks of azaBODIPY⋅- in the visible and near-IR regions. Free-energy calculations revealed the charge separation from one of the covalently linked donors to the 1 azaBODIPY* to yield Donor⋅+ -azaBODIPY⋅- to be energetically favorable in a polar solvent, benzonitrile, and the frontier orbitals generated on the optimized structures helped in assessing such a conclusion. Consequently, the steady-state emission studies revealed quenching of the azaBODIPY fluorescence in all of the investigated push-pull systems in benzonitrile and to a lesser extent in mildly polar dichlorobenzene, and nonpolar toluene. The femtosecond pump-probe studies revealed the occurrence of excited charge transfer (CT) in nonpolar toluene while a complete charge separation (CS) for all three push-pull systems in polar benzonitrile. The CT/CS products populated the low-lying 3 azaBODIPY* prior to returning to the ground state. Global target (GloTarAn) analysis of the transient data revealed the lifetime of the final charge-separated states (CSS) to be 195 ps for NND-derived, 50 ps for TPA-derived, and 85 ps for PTZ-derived push-pull systems in benzonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajyal Z Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Dilip Pinjari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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Majumdar R, Wannasiri C, Sukwattanasinitt M, Ervithayasuporn V. Porous silsesquioxane cage and porphyrin nanocomposites: sensing and adsorption for heavy metals and anions. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01698e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A porous silsesquioxane cage/porphyrin nanocomposite was designed as a dual fluorescent probe for the sensing and adsorption of both heavy metal ions and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
| | - Chidchanok Wannasiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
| | - Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
| | - Vuthichai Ervithayasuporn
- Department of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
- Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
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Wolf M, Lungerich D, Bauroth S, Popp M, Platzer B, Clark T, Anderson HL, Jux N, Guldi DM. Panchromatic light funneling through the synergy in hexabenzocoronene-(metallo)porphyrin-fullerene assemblies to realize the separation of charges. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7123-7132. [PMID: 34122999 PMCID: PMC8159381 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a novel butadiyne-linked HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin dimer, which exhibits in the ground state strong absorption cross sections throughout the UV and visible ranges of the solar spectrum. In short, a unidirectional flow of excited state energy from the HBC termini to the (metallo)porphyrin focal points enables concentrating light at the latter. Control over excitonic interactions within, for example, the electron-donating porphyrin dimers was realized by complexation of bidentate ligands to set up panchromatic absorption that extends all the way into the near-infrared range. The bidentate binding motif was then exploited to create a supramolecular electron donor-acceptor assembly based on a HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin dimer and an electron accepting bis(aminoalkyl)-substituted fullerene. Of great relevance is the fact that charge separation from the photoexcited HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin dimer to the bis(aminoalkyl)-substituted fullerene is activated not only upon photoexciting the HBCs in the UV as well as the (metallo)porphyrins in the visible but also in the NIR. Implicit is the synergetic interplay of energy and charge transfer in a photosynthetic mimicking manner. The dimer and bis-HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin monomers, which serve as references, were probed by means of steady-state as well as time-resolved optical spectroscopies, including global target analyses of the time-resolved transient absorption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Centre (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Germany
| | - Maximilian Popp
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Benedikt Platzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Centre (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Germany
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Tashiro K, Murafuji T, Sumimoto M, Fujitsuka M, Yamazaki S. The formation mechanism of ZnTPyP fibers fabricated by a surfactant-assisted method. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Zn–N coordination and the sphere-to-rod transition of CTAB micelles contribute concertedly to the formation of ZnTPyP fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tashiro
- Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation
- Yamaguchi University
- Yamaguchi 753-8512
- Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation
- Yamaguchi University
- Yamaguchi 753-8512
- Japan
| | - Michinori Sumimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation
- Yamaguchi University
- Ube, 755-8611
- Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)
- Osaka University
- Osaka 567-0047
- Japan
| | - Suzuko Yamazaki
- Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation
- Yamaguchi University
- Yamaguchi 753-8512
- Japan
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Gao D, Aly SM, Karsenti PL, Brisard G, Harvey PD. Increasing the lifetimes of charge separated states in porphyrin-fullerene polyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:24018-24028. [PMID: 28832037 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two linear polyads were designed using zinc(ii)porphyrin, [ZnP], and N-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-fullero-pyrrolidine (C60) where C60 is dangling either at the terminal position of [ZnP]-C6H4-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-C6H4-[ZnP]-C60 (1) or at the central position of [ZnP]-C6H4-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-C6H4-[ZnP(C60)]-C6H4-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-C6H4-[ZnP] (2) in order to test whether the fact of having one or two side electron donors influences the rate of electron transfer, ket. These polyads were studied using cyclic voltammograms, DFT computations, steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS). Photo-induced electron transfer confirmed by the detection of the charge separated state [ZnP˙+]/C60˙- from fs-TAS occurs with rates (ket) of 3-4 × 1010 s-1 whereas the charge recombinations (CRs) are found to produce the [ZnP] ground state via two pathways (central [ZnP˙+]/C60˙- (ps) and terminal central [ZnP˙+]/C60˙- (ns) producing [1ZnP] (ground state) and [3ZnP*]). The formation of the T1 species is more predominant for 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Departement de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
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High JS, Rego LGC, Jakubikova E. Quantum Dynamics Simulations of Excited State Energy Transfer in a Zinc–Free-Base Porphyrin Dyad. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8075-8084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judah S. High
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luis G. C. Rego
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Tait CE, Neuhaus P, Peeks MD, Anderson HL, Timmel CR. Transient EPR Reveals Triplet State Delocalization in a Series of Cyclic and Linear π-Conjugated Porphyrin Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8284-93. [PMID: 26035477 PMCID: PMC4569062 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The photoexcited triplet states of
a series of linear and cyclic
butadiyne-linked porphyrin oligomers were investigated by transient
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Electron Nuclear DOuble
Resonance (ENDOR). The spatial delocalization of the triplet state
wave function in systems with different numbers of porphyrin units
and different geometries was analyzed in terms of zero-field splitting
parameters and proton hyperfine couplings. Even though no significant
change in the zero-field splitting parameters (D and E) is observed for linear oligomers with two to six porphyrin
units, the spin polarization of the transient EPR spectra is particularly
sensitive to the number of porphyrin units, implying a change of the
mechanism of intersystem crossing. Analysis of the proton hyperfine
couplings in linear oligomers with more than two porphyrin units,
in combination with density functional theory calculations, indicates
that the spin density is localized mainly on two to three porphyrin
units rather than being distributed evenly over the whole π-system.
The sensitivity of the zero-field splitting parameters to changes
in geometry was investigated by comparing free linear oligomers with
oligomers bound to a hexapyridyl template. Significant changes in
the zero-field splitting parameter D were observed,
while the proton hyperfine couplings show no change in the extent
of triplet state delocalization. The triplet state of the cyclic porphyrin
hexamer has a much decreased zero-field splitting parameter D and much smaller proton hyperfine couplings with respect
to the monomeric unit, indicating complete delocalization over six
porphyrin units in this symmetric system. This surprising result provides
the first evidence for extensive triplet state delocalization in an
artificial supramolecular assembly of porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Tait
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Martin D Peeks
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Harry L Anderson
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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Tait CE, Neuhaus P, Anderson HL, Timmel CR. Triplet state delocalization in a conjugated porphyrin dimer probed by transient electron paramagnetic resonance techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6670-9. [PMID: 25914154 PMCID: PMC4569061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
delocalization of the photoexcited triplet state in a linear
butadiyne-linked porphyrin dimer is investigated by time-resolved
and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with laser excitation.
The transient EPR spectra of the photoexcited triplet states of the
porphyrin monomer and dimer are characterized by significantly different
spin polarizations and an increase of the zero-field splitting parameter D from monomer to dimer. The proton and nitrogen hyperfine
couplings, determined using electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR)
and X- and Q-band HYSCORE, are reduced to about half in the porphyrin
dimer. These data unequivocally prove the delocalization of the triplet
state over both porphyrin units, in contrast to the conclusions from
previous studies on the triplet states of closely related porphyrin
dimers. The results presented here demonstrate that the most accurate
estimate of the extent of triplet state delocalization can be obtained
from the hyperfine couplings, while interpretation of the zero-field
splitting parameter D can lead to underestimation
of the delocalization length, unless combined with quantum chemical
calculations. Furthermore, orientation-selective ENDOR and HYSCORE
results, in combination with the results of density functional theory
(DFT) calculations, allowed determination of the orientations of the
zero-field splitting tensors with respect to the molecular frame in
both porphyrin monomer and dimer. The results provide evidence for
a reorientation of the zero-field splitting tensor and a change in
the sign of the zero-field splitting D value. The
direction of maximum dipolar coupling shifts from the out-of-plane
direction in the porphyrin monomer to the vector connecting the two
porphyrin units in the dimer. This reorientation, leading to an alignment
of the principal optical transition moment and the axis of maximum
dipolar coupling, is also confirmed by magnetophotoselection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Tait
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane R Timmel
- †Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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Durot S, Flamigni L, Taesch J, Dang TT, Heitz V, Ventura B. Synthesis and Solution Studies of Silver(I)-Assembled Porphyrin Coordination Cages. Chemistry 2014; 20:9979-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Olaya-Castro A, Nazir A, Fleming GR. Quantum-coherent energy transfer: implications for biology and new energy technologies. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:3613-7. [PMID: 22753815 PMCID: PMC3385675 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Olaya-Castro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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