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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Keane PM, O'Sullivan K, Poynton FE, Poulsen BC, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Cardin CJ, Sun XZ, George MW, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Kelly JM. Understanding the factors controlling the photo-oxidation of natural DNA by enantiomerically pure intercalating ruthenium polypyridyl complexes through TA/TRIR studies with polydeoxynucleotides and mixed sequence oligodeoxynucleotides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8600-8609. [PMID: 34123120 PMCID: PMC8163394 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes which can sensitise the photo-oxidation of nucleic acids and other biological molecules show potential for photo-therapeutic applications. In this article a combination of transient visible absorption (TrA) and time-resolved infra-red (TRIR) spectroscopy are used to compare the photo-oxidation of guanine by the enantiomers of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ in both polymeric {poly(dG-dC), poly(dA-dT) and natural DNA} and small mixed-sequence duplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotides. The products of electron transfer are readily monitored by the appearance of a characteristic TRIR band centred at ca. 1700 cm−1 for the guanine radical cation and a band centered at ca. 515 nm in the TrA for the reduced ruthenium complex. It is found that efficient electron transfer requires that the complex be intercalated at a G-C base-pair containing site. Significantly, changes in the nucleobase vibrations of the TRIR spectra induced by the bound excited state before electron transfer takes place are used to identify preferred intercalation sites in mixed-sequence oligodeoxynucleotides and natural DNA. Interestingly, with natural DNA, while it is found that quenching is inefficient in the picosecond range, a slower electron transfer process occurs, which is not found with the mixed-sequence duplex-forming oligodeoxynucleotides studied. Efficient electron transfer requires the complex to be intercalated at a G-C base-pair. Identification of preferred intercalation sites is achieved by TRIR monitoring of the nucleobase vibrations before electron transfer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland .,School of Chemistry, University of Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Kyra O'Sullivan
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland .,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Bjørn C Poulsen
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland .,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories OX11 0QX UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratories OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo 315100 China
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland .,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The University of Dublin Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Nagatsugi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Onizuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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4
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O'Hagan MP, Morales JC, Galan MC. Binding and Beyond: What Else Can G-Quadruplex Ligands Do? European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C. Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); PTS Granada; Avenida del Conocimiento 17 18016 Armilla, Granada Spain
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close BS8 1TS UK
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5
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Kajouj S, Marcelis L, Mattiuzzi A, Grassin A, Dufour D, Van Antwerpen P, Boturyn D, Defrancq E, Surin M, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Jabin I, Moucheron C. Synthesis and photophysical studies of a multivalent photoreactive Ru II-calix[4]arene complex bearing RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1758-1768. [PMID: 30112081 PMCID: PMC6071717 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactive ruthenium-based complexes are actively studied for their biological applications as potential theragnostic agents against cancer. One major issue of these inorganic complexes is to penetrate inside cells in order to fulfil their function, either sensing the internal cell environment or exert a photocytotoxic activity. The use of lipophilic ligands allows the corresponding ruthenium complexes to passively diffuse inside cells but limits their structural and photophysical properties. Moreover, this strategy does not provide any cell selectivity. This limitation is also faced by complexes anchored on cell-penetrating peptides. In order to provide a selective cell targeting, we developed a multivalent system composed of a photoreactive ruthenium(II) complex tethered to a calix[4]arene platform bearing multiple RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides. Extensive photophysical and photochemical characterizations of this Ru(II)–calixarene conjugate as well as the study of its photoreactivity in the presence of guanosine monophosphate have been achieved. The results show that the ruthenium complex should be able to perform efficiently its photoinduced cytotoxic activity, once incorporated into targeted cancer cells thanks to the multivalent platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kajouj
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/08, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcelis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/08, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.,Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Mattiuzzi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/06, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrien Grassin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus de la Plaine, CP205/05, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus de la Plaine, CP205/05, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Eric Defrancq
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Département de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons - UMONS, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/06, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 160/08, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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6
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Nastasi F, La Ganga G, Campagna S, Syrgiannis Z, Rigodanza F, Vitale S, Licciardello A, Prato M. Multichromophoric hybrid species made of perylene bisimide derivatives and Ru(ii) and Os(ii) polypyridine subunits. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:14055-14065. [PMID: 28518200 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and the photophysical and redox properties of a new perylene bisimide (PBI) species (L), bearing two 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands at the two imide positions of the PBI, and its dinuclear Ru(ii) and Os(ii) complexes, [(bpy)2Ru(μ-L)Ru(bpy)2](PF6)4 (Ru2; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and [(Me2-bpy)2Os(μ-L)Os(Me2-bpy)2](PF6)4 (Os2; Me2-bpy = (4,4'-dimethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), are reported. The absorption spectra of the compounds are dominated by the structured bands of the PBI subunit due to the lowest-energy spin-allowed π-π* transition. The spin-allowed MLCT transitions in Ru2 and Os2 are inferred by the absorption at 350-470 nm, where the PBI absorption is negligible. The absorption band extends towards the red region for Os2 due to the spin-forbidden MLCT transitions, intensified by the heavy osmium center. The reduction processes of the compounds are dominated by two successive mono-electronic PBI-based processes, which in the metal complexes are slightly shifted compared to the free ligand. On oxidation, both metal complexes undergo an apparent bi-electronic process (at 1.31 V vs. SCE for Ru2 and 0.77 V for Os2), attributed to the simultaneous one-electron oxidation of the two weakly-interacting metal centers. In Ru2 and Os2, the intense fluorescence of L subunit (λmax, 535 nm; τ, 4.3 ns; Φ, 0.91) is fully quenched, mainly by photoinduced electron transfer from the metal centers, on the ps timescale (time constant, 11 ps in Ru2 and 3 ps in Os2). Such photoinduced electron transfer leads to the formation of a charge-separated state, which directly decays to the ground state in about 70 ps in Os2, but produces the triplet π-π* state of the PBI subunit in 35 ps in Ru2. The results provide information on the excited-state processes of the hybrid species combining two dominant classes of chromophore/luminophore species, the PBI and the metal polypyridine complexes, and can be used for future design on new hybrid species with made-to-order properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nastasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, e Centro di ricerca Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLAR-CHEM), 98166 Messina, Italy.
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7
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Bevernaegie R, Marcélis L, Laramée-Milette B, De Winter J, Robeyns K, Gerbaux P, Hanan GS, Elias B. Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Iridium(III) Complexes: From Photophysics to Photooxidation of a Biological Target. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1356-1367. [PMID: 29336560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapeutic agents are of key interest in developing new strategies to develop more specific and efficient anticancer treatments. In comparison to classical chemotherapeutic agents, the activity of photodynamic therapeutic compounds can be finely controlled thanks to the light triggering of their photoreactivity. The development of type I photosensitizing agents, which do not rely on the production of ROS, is highly desirable. In this context, we developed new iridium(III) complexes which are able to photoreact with biomolecules; namely, our Ir(III) complexes can oxidize guanine residues under visible light irradiation. We report the synthesis and extensive photophysical characterization of four new Ir(III) complexes, [Ir(ppyCF3)2(N^N)]+ [ppyCF3 = 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyridine) and N^N = 2,2'-dipyridyl (bpy); 2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine (pzpy); 2,2'-bipyrazine (bpz); 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (TAP)]. In addition to an extensive experimental and theoretical study of the photophysics of these complexes, we characterize their photoreactivity toward model redox-active targets and the relevant biological target, the guanine base. We demonstrate that photoinduced electron transfer takes place between the excited Ir(III) complex and guanine which leads to the formation of stable photoproducts, indicating that the targeted guanine is irreversibly damaged. These results pave the way to the elaboration of new type I photosensitizers for targeting cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bevernaegie
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Place Louis Pasteur, 1 box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Place Louis Pasteur, 1 box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Laramée-Milette
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , Pavillon J.-A. Bombardier, 5155 Chemin de la Rampe, Montréal, Québec H3T 2B1, Canada
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMons , 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Place Louis Pasteur, 1 box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMons , 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Garry S Hanan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , Pavillon J.-A. Bombardier, 5155 Chemin de la Rampe, Montréal, Québec H3T 2B1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Place Louis Pasteur, 1 box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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8
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Estalayo-Adrián S, Garnir K, Moucheron C. Perspectives of ruthenium(ii) polyazaaromatic photo-oxidizing complexes photoreactive towards tryptophan-containing peptides and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:322-337. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in the search for RuII polyazaaromatic complexes as molecular photoreagents for tryptophan-containing peptides and proteins, in view of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Estalayo-Adrián
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - K. Garnir
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - C. Moucheron
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
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9
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Keane PM, Hall JP, Poynton FE, Poulsen BC, Gurung SP, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Inosine Can Increase DNA′s Susceptibility to Photo‐oxidation by a RuIIComplex due to Structural Change in the Minor Groove. Chemistry 2017; 23:10344-10351. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M. Keane
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
- School of ChemistryTrinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - James P. Hall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Fergus E. Poynton
- School of ChemistryTrinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Bjørn C. Poulsen
- School of ChemistryTrinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Sarah P. Gurung
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser FacilityResearch Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoriesDidcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central Laser FacilityResearch Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoriesDidcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser FacilityResearch Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoriesDidcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of ChemistryTrinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Pearse St. Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Christine J. Cardin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Reading, Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - John M. Kelly
- School of ChemistryTrinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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10
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Cardin CJ, Kelly JM, Quinn SJ. Photochemically active DNA-intercalating ruthenium and related complexes - insights by combining crystallography and transient spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4705-4723. [PMID: 28936338 PMCID: PMC5596416 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the study of the interaction of ruthenium polypyridyl compounds and defined sequence nucleic acids is reviewed. Particular emphasis is paid to complexes [Ru(LL)2(Int)]2+ containing potentially intercalating ligands (Int) such as dipyridophenazine (dppz), which are known to display light-switching or photo-oxidising behaviour, depending on the nature of the ancillary ligands. X-ray crystallography has made a key contribution to our understanding, and the first complete survey of structural results is presented. These include sequence, enantiomeric, substituent and structural specificities. The use of ultrafast transient spectroscopic methods to probe the ultrafast processes for complexes such as [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ and [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ when bound to mixed sequence oligonucleotides are reviewed with particular attention being paid to the complementary advantages of transient (visible) absorption and time-resolved (mid) infra-red techniques to probe spectral changes in the metal complex and in the nucleic acid. The observed photophysical properties are considered in light of the structural information obtained from X-ray crystallography. In solution, metal complexes can be expected to bind at more than one DNA step, so that a perfect correlation of the photophysical properties and factors such as the orientation or penetration of the ligand into the intercalation pocket should not be expected. This difficulty can be obviated by carrying out TRIR studies in the crystals. Dppz complexes also undergo insertion, especially with mismatched sequences. Future areas for study such as those involving non-canonical forms of DNA, such as G-quadruplexes or i-motifs are also briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Cardin
- School of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
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11
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Baroud AA, Mihajlović-Lalić LE, Gligorijević N, Aranđelović S, Stanković D, Radulović S, Van Hecke K, Savić A, Grgurić-Šipka S. Ruthenium(II) bipyridine complexes: from synthesis and crystal structures to electrochemical and cytotoxicity investigation. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1282611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afya A. Baroud
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nevenka Gligorijević
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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White JK, Schmehl RH, Turro C. An Overview Of Photosubstitution Reactions Of Ru(II) Imine Complexes And Their Application In Photobiology And Photodynamic Therapy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017; 454:7-20. [PMID: 28042171 PMCID: PMC5193374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article is a short review that presents a short review of photosubstitution reactions of Ru(II) imine complexes and illustrates their use in the development of therapeutic agents. The review begins with an overview of the photophysical behavior and common photoreactions of Ru(II) imine complexes, with select examples from the literature since the 1960s. It is followed by a more detailed picture of the application of knowledge gained over the years in the development of Ru(II) complexes for photobiology and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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13
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Deraedt Q, Marcélis L, Loiseau F, Elias B. Towards mismatched DNA photoprobes and photoreagents: “elbow-shaped” Ru(ii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to their potentially harmful consequences, the detection of mismatched DNA is a subject of high interest. In order to probe these DNA mismatches, we report new Ru(ii) complexes, bearing “elbow-shaped” extended planar ligands based on an acridine or a phenazine core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Deraedt
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Molecules
- Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - L. Marcélis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Molecules
- Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
| | - F. Loiseau
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Université Grenoble-Alpes
- BP53 38041 Grenoble
- France
| | - B. Elias
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Molecules
- Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST)
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
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14
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Monitoring guanine photo-oxidation by enantiomerically resolved Ru(II) dipyridophenazine complexes using inosine-substituted oligonucleotides. Faraday Discuss 2016; 185:455-69. [PMID: 26426601 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intercalating [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+) complex can photo-oxidise guanine in DNA, although in mixed-sequence DNA it can be difficult to understand the precise mechanism due to uncertainties in where and how the complex is bound. Replacement of guanine with the less oxidisable inosine (I) base can be used to understand the mechanism of electron transfer (ET). Here the ET has been compared for both Λ- and Δ-enantiomers of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+) in a set of sequences where guanines in the readily oxidisable GG step in {TCGGCGCCGA}2 have been replaced with I. The ET has been monitored using picosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and picosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy. In both cases inosine replacement leads to a diminished yield, but the trends are strikingly different for Λ- and Δ-complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Dept. of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James P Hall
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK. and Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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15
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Deraedt Q, Marcélis L, Auvray T, Hanan GS, Loiseau F, Elias B. Design and Photophysical Studies of Acridine-Based RuIIComplexes for Applications as DNA Photoprobes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Deraedt
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences; Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST); Université Catholique de Louvain; Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Lionel Marcélis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences; Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST); Université Catholique de Louvain; Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Thomas Auvray
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Garry S. Hanan
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; 2900 Edouard-Montpetit H3T-1J4 Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Frédérique Loiseau
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire; Université Grenoble-Alpes; CNRS UMR 5250; BP53 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences; Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST); Université Catholique de Louvain; Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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16
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Marcélis L, Kajouj S, Ghesquière J, Fettweis G, Coupienne I, Lartia R, Surin M, Defrancq E, Piette J, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Highly DNA-Photoreactive Ruthenium 1,4,5,8-Tetraazaphenanthrene Complex Conjugated to the TAT Peptide: Efficient Vectorization inside HeLa Cells without Phototoxicity - The Importance of Cellular Distribution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Marcélis
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.); 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Sofia Kajouj
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.); 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Jonathan Ghesquière
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.); 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Gregory Fettweis
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology; GIGA-Research; University of Liège; B34 Av. de l'Hôpital 1 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Isabelle Coupienne
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology; GIGA-Research; University of Liège; B34 Av. de l'Hôpital 1 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Rémy Lartia
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS; Université Grenoble Alpes; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; UMR CNRS; University of Mons - UMons; 20 Place du Parc 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Eric Defrancq
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS; Université Grenoble Alpes; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology; GIGA-Research; University of Liège; B34 Av. de l'Hôpital 1 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.); 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.); 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/08 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
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17
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Monitoring one-electron photo-oxidation of guanine in DNA crystals using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. Nat Chem 2015; 7:961-7. [PMID: 26587711 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular origins of diseases caused by ultraviolet and visible light, and also to develop photodynamic therapy, it is important to resolve the mechanism of photoinduced DNA damage. Damage to DNA bound to a photosensitizer molecule frequently proceeds by one-electron photo-oxidation of guanine, but the precise dynamics of this process are sensitive to the location and the orientation of the photosensitizer, which are very difficult to define in solution. To overcome this, ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy was performed on photoexcited ruthenium polypyridyl-DNA crystals, the atomic structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. By combining the X-ray and TRIR data we are able to define both the geometry of the reaction site and the rates of individual steps in a reversible photoinduced electron-transfer process. This allows us to propose an individual guanine as the reaction site and, intriguingly, reveals that the dynamics in the crystal state are quite similar to those observed in the solvent medium.
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18
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Reversal of a Single Base-Pair Step Controls Guanine Photo-Oxidation by an Intercalating Ruthenium(II) Dipyridophenazine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8364-8. [PMID: 26096623 PMCID: PMC4985698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small changes in DNA sequence can often have major biological effects. Here the rates and yields of guanine photo‐oxidation by Λ‐[Ru(TAP)2(dppz)]2+ have been compared in 5′‐{CCGGATCCGG}2 and 5′‐{CCGGTACCGG}2 using pico/nanosecond transient visible and time‐resolved IR (TRIR) spectroscopy. The inefficiency of electron transfer in the TA sequence is consistent with the 5′‐TA‐3′ versus 5′‐AT‐3′ binding preference predicted by X‐ray crystallography. The TRIR spectra also reveal the differences in binding sites in the two oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland). .,Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD (UK).
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland).,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse St., Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - James P Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD (UK).,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation campus Didcot, Oxfordshire,OX11 0QX (UK)
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire,OX11 0QX (UK)
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire,OX11 0QX (UK)
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland).,Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse St., Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 (Ireland)
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD (UK).
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2 (Ireland).
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19
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Reversal of a Single Base-Pair Step Controls Guanine Photo-Oxidation by an Intercalating Ruthenium(II) Dipyridophenazine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Marcélis L, Rebarz M, Lemaur V, Fron E, De Winter J, Moucheron C, Gerbaux P, Beljonne D, Sliwa M, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Photoaddition of two guanine bases to single Ru-TAP complexes. Computational studies and ultrafast spectroscopies to elucidate the pH dependence of primary processes. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4488-500. [PMID: 25747733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The covalent photoadduct (PA) between [Ru(TAP)3](2+) (TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) opened the way to interesting photobiological applications. In this context, the PA's capability upon illumination to give rise to the addition of a second guanine base is especially interesting. The origins of these intriguing properties are for the first time thoroughly investigated by an experimental and theoretical approach. The PA's spectroscopic and redox data combined with TDDFT results corroborated with resonance Raman data show that the properties of this PA (pKa around 7) depend on the solution pH. Theoretical results indicate that the acid form PA.H(+) when excited should relax to MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited states, in contrast to the basic form PA whose excited state should have LLCT/ILCT (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer/intra ligand charge transfer) characteristics. Ultrafast excitation of PA.H(+) at pH 5.9 produces continuous dynamic processes in a few hundred picoseconds involving coupled proton-electron transfers responsible for luminescence quenching. Long-lived species of a few microseconds capable of reacting with GMP are produced at that pH, in agreement with the formation of covalent addition of a second GMP to PA, as shown by mass spectrometry results. In contrast, at pH 8 (mainly nonprotonated PA), other ultrafast transient species are detected and no GMP biadduct is formed in the presence of GMP. This pH dependence of photoreaction can be rationalized with the different nature of the excited states, thus at pH 8, unreactive LLCT/ILCT states and at pH 5.9 reactive MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Marcélis
- §Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mateusz Rebarz
- †Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman UMR 8516, CNRS-Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- ‡Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, UMons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Eduard Fron
- @Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200f, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- ∥Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, UMons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- §Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- ∥Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, UMons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- ‡Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, UMons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Michel Sliwa
- †Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman UMR 8516, CNRS-Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker
- §Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Keane PM, Poynton FE, Hall JP, Clark IP, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Gunnlaugsson T, Quinn SJ, Cardin CJ, Kelly JM. Enantiomeric Conformation Controls Rate and Yield of Photoinduced Electron Transfer in DNA Sensitized by Ru(II) Dipyridophenazine Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:734-738. [PMID: 26262495 DOI: 10.1021/jz502743q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitized oxidation of guanine is an important route to DNA damage. Ruthenium polypyridyls are very useful photosensitizers, as their reactivity and DNA-binding properties are readily tunable. Here we show a strong difference in the reactivity of the two enantiomers of [Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+), by using time-resolved visible and IR spectroscopy. This reveals that the photosensitized one-electron oxidation of guanine in three oligonucleotide sequences proceeds with similar rates and yields for bound Δ-[Ru(TAP)2(dppz)](2+), whereas those for the Λ enantiomer are very sensitive to base sequence. It is proposed that these differences are due to preferences of each enantiomer for different binding sites in the duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic M Keane
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- §Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - James P Hall
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
- ∥Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Clark
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- ⊥Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
- §Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- #School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine J Cardin
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- †School of Chemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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22
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Marcélis L, Van Overstraeten-Schlögel N, Lambermont J, Bontems S, Spinelli N, Defrancq E, Moucheron C, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A, Raes M. Light-Triggered Green Fluorescent Protein Silencing in Human Keratinocytes in Culture Using Antisense Oligonucleotides Coupled to a Photoreactive Ruthenium(II) Complex. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Marcélis L, Surin M, Lartia R, Moucheron C, Defrancq E, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Specificity of Light-Induced Covalent Adduct Formation between RuIIOligonucleotide Conjugates and Target Sequences for Gene Silencing Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Troian-Gautier L, Moucheron C. RutheniumII complexes bearing fused polycyclic ligands: from fundamental aspects to potential applications. Molecules 2014; 19:5028-87. [PMID: 24759069 PMCID: PMC6270827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we first discuss the photophysics reported in the literature for mononuclear ruthenium complexes bearing ligands with extended aromaticity such as dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (DPPZ), tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]-phenazine (TPPHZ), tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]acridine (TPAC), 1,10-phenanthrolino[5,6-b]1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (PHEHAT) 9,11,20,22-tetraaza- tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-l:2''',3'''-n]pentacene (TATPP), etc. Photophysical properties of binuclear and polynuclear complexes based on these extended ligands are then reported. We finally develop the use of binuclear complexes with extended π-systems for applications such as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP160/08, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP160/08, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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25
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Gicquel E, Souchard JP, Magnusson F, Chemaly J, Calsou P, Vicendo P. Role of intercalation and redox potential in DNA photosensitization by ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: assessment using DNA repair protein tests. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 12:1517-26. [PMID: 23835850 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report that the photoreactivity of ruthenium(II) complexes with nucleobases may not only be modulated by their photoredox properties but also by their DNA binding mode. The damage resulting from photolysis of synthetic oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA by [Ru(bpz)3](2+), [Ru(bipy)3](2+) and the two DNA intercalating agents [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) and [Ru(bipy)2dppz](2+) has been monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by tests using proteins involved in DNA repair processes (DNA-PKCs, Ku80, Ku70, and PARP-1). The data show that intercalation controls the nature of the DNA damage photo-induced by ruthenium(II) complexes reacting with DNA via an electron transfer process. The intercalating agent [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) is a powerful DNA breaker inducing the formation of both single and double (DSBs) strand breaks which are recognized by the PARP-1 and DNA-PKCs proteins respectively. [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) is the first ruthenium(II) complex described in the literature that is able to induce DSBs by an electron transfer process. In contrast, its non-intercalating parent compound, [Ru(bpz)3](2+), is mostly an efficient DNA alkylating agent. Photoadducts are recognized by the proteins Ku70 and Ku80 as with cisplatin adducts. This result suggests that photoaddition of [Ru(bpz)2dppz](2+) is strongly affected by its DNA intercalation whereas its photonuclease activity is exalted. The data clearly show that DNA intercalation decreases drastically the photonuclease activity of ruthenium(II) complexes oxidizing guanine via the production of singlet oxygen. Interestingly, the DNA sequencing data revealed that the ligand dipyridophenazine exhibits on single-stranded oligonucleotides a preference for the 5'-TGCGT-3' sequence. Moreover the use of proteins involved in DNA repair processes to detect DNA damage was a powerful tool to examine the photoreactivity of ruthenium(II) complexes with nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Gicquel
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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26
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Rebarz M, Marcélis L, Menand M, Cornut D, Moucheron C, Jabin I, Kirsch-De Mesmaeker A. Revisited photophysics and photochemistry of a Ru-TAP complex using chloride ions and a calix[6]crypturea. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:2635-44. [PMID: 24533637 DOI: 10.1021/ic403024z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the nonprotonated and protonated calix[6]crypturea 1/1(•)H(+) on the PF6(-) and Cl(-) salts of a luminescent Ru-TAP complex (TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene) were investigated. Thus, the phototriggered basic properties of this complex were examined with 1(•)H(+) in acetonitrile (MeCN) and butyronitrile (BuCN). The Ru excited complex was shown to be able to extract a proton from the protonated calixarene, accompanied by a luminescence quenching in both solvents. However, in BuCN, the Cl(-) salt of the complex exhibited a surprising behavior in the presence of 1/1(•)H(+). Although an emission decrease was observed with the protonated calixarene, an emission increase was evidenced in the presence of nonprotonated 1. As the Cl(-) ions were shown to inhibit the luminescence of the complex in BuCN, this luminescence increase by nonprotonated 1 was attributed to the protection effect of 1 by encapsulation of the Cl(-) anions into the tris-urea binding site. The study of the luminescence lifetimes of the Ru-TAP complex in BuCN as a function of temperature for the PF6(-) and Cl(-) salts in the absence and presence of 1 led to the following conclusions. In BuCN, in contrast to MeCN, in addition to ion pairing, because of the poor solvation of the ions, the luminescent metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) state could reach two metal-centered ((3)MC) states, one of which is in equilibrium with the (3)MLCT state during the emission lifetime. The reaction of Cl(-) with this latter (3)MC state would be responsible for the luminescence quenching, in agreement with the formation of photosubstitution products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Rebarz
- Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles , CP 160/08, 50 Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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