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Bass SD. The cosmological constant and scale hierarchies with emergent gauge symmetries. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230092. [PMID: 38104618 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the stability of the electroweak Higgs vacuum we consider the possibility that the Standard Model might work up to large scales between about [Formula: see text] GeV and close to the Planck scale. A plausible scenario is an emergent Standard Model with gauge symmetries originating in some topological-like phase transition deep in the ultraviolet. In this case, the cosmological constant scale and neutrino masses should be of similar size, suppressed by factor of the large scale of emergence. The key physics involves a subtle interplay of Poincaré invariance, mass generation and renormalization group invariance. The Higgs mass would be environmentally selected in connection with vacuum stability. Consequences for dark matter scenarios are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'The particle-gravity frontier'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Bass
- Kitzbühel Centre for Physics, Kitzbühel, Austria
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Sachdev S. Topological order, emergent gauge fields, and Fermi surface reconstruction. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:014001. [PMID: 30210062 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes how topological order associated with the presence of emergent gauge fields can reconstruct Fermi surfaces of metals, even in the absence of translational symmetry breaking. We begin with an introduction to topological order using Wegner's quantum [Formula: see text] gauge theory on the square lattice: the topological state is characterized by the expulsion of defects, carrying [Formula: see text] magnetic flux. The interplay between topological order and the breaking of global symmetry is described by the non-zero temperature statistical mechanics of classical XY models in dimension D = 3; such models also describe the zero temperature quantum phases of bosons with short-range interactions on the square lattice at integer filling. The topological state is again characterized by the expulsion of certain defects, in a state with fluctuating symmetry-breaking order, along with the presence of emergent gauge fields. The phase diagrams of the [Formula: see text] gauge theory and the XY models are obtained by embedding them in U(1) gauge theories, and by studying their Higgs and confining phases. These ideas are then applied to the single-band Hubbard model on the square lattice. A SU(2) gauge theory describes the fluctuations of spin-density-wave order, and its phase diagram is presented by analogy to the XY models. We obtain a class of zero temperature metallic states with fluctuating spin-density wave order, topological order associated with defect expulsion, deconfined emergent gauge fields, reconstructed Fermi surfaces (with 'chargon' or electron-like quasiparticles), but no broken symmetry. We conclude with the application of such metallic states to the pseudogap phase of the cuprates, and note the recent comparison with numerical studies of the Hubbard model and photoemission observations of the electron-doped cuprates. In a detour, we also discuss the influence of Berry phases, and how they can lead to deconfined quantum critical points: this applies to bosons on the square lattice at half-integer filling, and to quantum dimer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 2Y5, Canada. Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
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Zeng Y, Xu P, He X, Liu Y, Liu M, Wang J, Papoular DJ, Shlyapnikov GV, Zhan M. Entangling Two Individual Atoms of Different Isotopes via Rydberg Blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:160502. [PMID: 29099205 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental realization of the controlled-not (cnot) quantum gate and entanglement for two individual atoms of different isotopes and demonstrate a negligible cross talk between two atom qubits. The experiment is based on a strong Rydberg blockade for ^{87}Rb and ^{85}Rb atoms confined in two single-atom optical traps separated by 3.8 μm. The raw fidelities of the cnot gate and entanglement are 0.73±0.01 and 0.59±0.03, respectively, without any corrections for atom loss or trace loss. Our work has applications for simulations of many-body systems with multispecies interactions, for quantum computing, and for quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - D J Papoular
- LPTM, UMR8089 of CNRS and Université de Cergy-Pontoise, F-95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - G V Shlyapnikov
- LPTMS, UMR8626 of CNRS and Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
- SPEC, CEA & CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region R-143025, Russia
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mingsheng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Cold Atom Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Ellis J, Pike R, Zayats A. Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0264. [PMID: 27458262 PMCID: PMC4971388 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Pike
- King's College London, London, UK
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