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Varandas AJC. Carbon-[ n]Triangulenes and Sila-[ n]Triangulenes: Which Are Planar? J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37256705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using our recently suggested concept of a quasi-molecule ("tile") and, in the case of the planarity here at stake, its generalization to larger than tetratomics, we explain why carbon [n]triangulenes tend to be planar, while hybrids, where just a few or even all a- or b-type carbon atoms are silicon-substituted (sila-[n]triangulenes), tend to be planar/nonplanar when compared with the unsubstituted carbon-[n]triangulenes. Because other spin states of the parent carbon- and sila-[n]triangulenes tend to correlate with the same tiles, it is conjectured that no structural changes are expected to depend on their spin state. Other polycyclic and sila-compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Varandas
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Espí rito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Varandas AJC. From six to eight Π-electron bare rings of group-XIV elements and beyond: can planarity be deciphered from the "quasi-molecules" they embed? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8488-8507. [PMID: 35343978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to study the structures of six and eight π-electron bare rings of group-XIV elements, and even larger [n]annulenes up to C18H18, including some of their mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-anions. While some of the above rings are planar, others are nonplanar. A much spotlighted case is cyclo-octatetraene (C8H8), which is predicted to be nonplanar together with its heavier group-XIV analogues Si8H8 and Ge8H8, with the solely planar members of its family having the stoichiometric formulas C4Si4H8 and C4Ge4H8. A similar situation arises with the six π-electron bare rings, where benzene and substituted ones up to C3Si3H6 or so are planar, while others are not. However, the explanations encountered in the literature find support in ab initio calculations for such species, often rationalized from distinct calculated features. Using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and, when affordable (particularly tetratomics, which may allow even higher levels), the coupled-cluster method including single, double, and perturbative triple excitations, a common rationale is suggested based on a novel concept of quasi-molecules or the (3+4)-atom partition scheme. Any criticism of tautology is therefore avoided. The same analysis has also been successfully applied to even larger [n]annulenes, to their mixed family members involving silicon and germanium atoms, and to the C18 carbon ring. Furthermore, it has been extended to annulene anions to check the criteria of the popular Hückel rule for planarity and aromaticity. Exploratory work on cycloarenes is also reported. Besides a partial study of the involved potential energy surfaces, equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been calculated anew, for both the parent and the actual prototypes of the quasi-molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Varandas
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, 273165 Qufu, China.,Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Esp rito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, and Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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3
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Yan W, Zhu YF, Xie WY, Song HW, Zhang CY, Yang MH. A new many-body expansion scheme for atomic clusters: Application to nitrogen clusters. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-fa Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-yu Xie
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Hong-wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chao-yang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ming-hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
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4
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Accessing the applicability of the MBE approach for constructing potential energy surfaces of nitrogen clusters. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Mota VC, Galvão BRL, Coura DVB, Varandas AJC. Accurate Potential Energy Surface for Quartet State HN 2 and Interplay of N( 4S) + NH( X̃3Σ -) versus H + N 2( A3Σ u+) Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:781-789. [PMID: 31922752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A global potential energy surface for the lowest quartet state of HN2 is reported for the first time from accurate multireference ab initio calculations extrapolated to the complete basis set limit using the double many-body expansion method. All its stationary points are characterized, with the lowest quartet of HN2 predicted to have a bent global minimum 36 kcal mol-1 below the N(4S) + NH(X̃3Σ-) asymptote, from which it is barrierlessly achievable. The entire set of calculated ab initio points has been fitted for energies up to 1000 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum with an RMSD of 0.89 kcal mol-1, a gap comprising all identified stationary points. Special care is taken in modeling the involved long-range forces and cusps caused by crossing seams. The novel PES prompts for the calculation of rate constants for several unexplored reactions that are relevant for combustion, plasma, and atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Mota
- Departamento de Fı́sica , Universidade Federal do Espı́rito Santo , 29075-910 Vitória , Brazil
| | - B R L Galvão
- Departamento de Quı́mica , Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, CEFET-MG , Av. Amazonas 5253 , 30421-169 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - D V B Coura
- Departamento de Fı́sica , Universidade Federal do Espı́rito Santo , 29075-910 Vitória , Brazil
| | - A J C Varandas
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , 273165 Qufu , China.,Coimbra Chemistry Center and Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
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6
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Giner E, Scemama A, Toulouse J, Loos PF. Chemically accurate excitation energies with small basis sets. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144118. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5122976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Giner
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (UMR 7616), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Scemama
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Toulouse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (UMR 7616), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Rocha CMR, Varandas AJC. Accurate CHIPR Potential Energy Surface for the Lowest Triplet State of C 3. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8154-8169. [PMID: 31184891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the first global ab initio-based potential energy surface (PES) for ground-state triplet C3(3A') based on accurate energies extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit, and using the combined-hyperbolic-inverse-power-representation method for the analytical modeling. By relying on a cost-effective CBS(D,T) protocol, we ensure that the final form reproduces all topographical features of the PES, including its cyclic-linear isomerization barrier, with CBS(5,6)-quality. To partially account for the incompleteness of the N-electron basis and other minor effects, the available accurate experimental data on the relevant diatomics were used to obtain direct-fit curves that replace the theoretical ones in the many-body expansion. Besides describing properly long-range interactions at all asymptotic channels and permutational symmetry by built-in construction, the PES reported here reproduces the proper exothermicities at dissociation regions as well as the spectroscopy of the diatomic fragments. Bound vibrational state calculations in both linear and cyclic isomers have also been carried out, unveiling a good match of the available data on C3(ã 3Πu), while assisting with IR band positions for C3(3A2') that may serve as a guide for its laboratory and astronomical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M R Rocha
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - A J C Varandas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre and Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal.,School of Physics and Physical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanao Kong
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 1st Street, N., Zhongguancun,
Haidian, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 1st Street, N., Zhongguancun,
Haidian, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Zhu C, Zhang X, Zhang M, Geng Y, Liu X, Su Z. Insight into spin-orbital interaction using MCSCF method: A special analysis of the 1 Σ g + electronic state in C 2 and the linear polyacetylenic C 4 and C 6. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1338-1343. [PMID: 30843616 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The symmetry-broken wave function can transform the 1 Σg + state of C2 from the classic double bonding to the quadruple bonding, where the transformed wave functions of ϕ L and ϕ R are singly occupied by two opposite-spinning electrons. In this article, the effective bond order (EBO) contribution of the fourth bond in C2 is assessed through the overlap integral between ϕ L and ϕ R , namely the value (0.60) is the EBO contribution of the fourth bond in the transformed scheme. Hence, the new EBO is 3.36, which is more equitable than the original EBO (2.15) in the traditional scheme. In addition, the singlet diradical character of the linear polyacetylenic C4 and C6 in the 1 Σg + state is addressed for the first time. No spin-polarized bonding exists in other linear C2n clusters, because the ionic interaction in the polyacetylenic 1 Σg + state of C4 is negligible. Moreover, the coupling energy between α and β single electrons in C4 is only 4.0 kcal mol-1 based on the electron spin-flip energy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry & National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry & National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry & National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Geng
- Faculty of Chemistry & National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingman Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry & National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Faculty of Chemistry & National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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Rocha CMR, Li J, Varandas AJC. Difficulties and Virtues in Assessing the Potential Energy Surfaces of Carbon Clusters via DMBE Theory: Stationary Points of C κ (κ = 2-10) at the Focal Point. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:3121-3130. [PMID: 30632758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The previously reported potential energy surfaces (PESs) of ground-state singlet C3 and triplet C4 are here utilized as input for the construction of approximate cluster expansions for larger Cκ (κ = 5-10) species. Relying primarily on the double many-body expansion (DMBE) approach, global potentials are obtained by summing the total interaction energies of all atomic subclusters up to four-body terms. The notable capability of the final forms in predicting good estimates of the linear global minima and their thermochemical/structural properties may provide important insights into the structure-determining nature of the (2 + 3 + 4) terms. The main difficulties and virtues in assessing Cκ's via DMBE theory are analyzed and new prospects given for the construction of global reliable PESs for the target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M R Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Centre , University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jing Li
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , P.R. China
| | - A J C Varandas
- Department of Chemistry and Coimbra Chemistry Centre , University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal.,School of Physics and Physical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , P.R. China
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Peng Z, Zanuttini D, Gervais B, Jacquet E, Blum I, Choi PP, Raabe D, Vurpillot F, Gault B. Unraveling the Metastability of C n2+ ( n = 2-4) Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:581-588. [PMID: 30673242 PMCID: PMC6728088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pure carbon clusters have received considerable attention for a long time. However, fundamental questions, such as what the smallest stable carbon cluster dication is, remain unclear. We investigated the stability and fragmentation behavior of C n2+ ( n = 2-4) dications using state-of-the-art atom probe tomography. These small doubly charged carbon cluster ions were produced by laser-pulsed field evaporation from a tungsten carbide field emitter. Correlation analysis of the fragments detected in coincidence reveals that they only decay to C n-1+ + C+. During C22+ → C+ + C+, significant kinetic energy release (∼5.75-7.8 eV) is evidenced. Through advanced experimental data processing combined with ab initio calculations and simulations, we show that the field-evaporated diatomic 12C22+ dications are either in weakly bound 3Πu and 3Σg- states, quickly dissociating under the intense electric field, or in a deeply bound electronic 5Σu- state with lifetimes >180 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Peng
- Department
of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Zanuttini
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM, 76000 Rouen, France
- Normandie
Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoit Gervais
- Normandie
Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
- E-mail: (B. Gervais)
| | | | - Ivan Blum
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pyuck-Pa Choi
- Department
of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Department
of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Baptiste Gault
- Department
of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- E-mail: (B. Gault)
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Loos PF, Boggio-Pasqua M, Scemama A, Caffarel M, Jacquemin D. Reference Energies for Double Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1939-1956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Scemama
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Caffarel
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM (UMR 6230), CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44399 Cedex 3 Nantes, France
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14
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Stace AJ, Clary DC. Modern theoretical chemistry: the legacy of Prof. John N. Murrell. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0460. [PMID: 29431685 PMCID: PMC5805920 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Stace
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David C Clary
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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