1
|
Szatmári R, Nakahara A, Kitsunezaki S, Kun F. Scale-free bursting activity in shrinkage induced cracking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7101. [PMID: 38532002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on computer simulations of a realistic discrete element model we demonstrate that shrinkage induced cracking of thin layers of heterogeneous materials, generating spectacular crack patterns, proceeds in bursts. These crackling pulses are characterized by scale free distributions of size and duration, however, with non-universal exponents depending on the system size and shrinking rate. On the contrary, local avalanches composed of micro-cracking events with temporal and spatial correlation are found to obey a universal power law statistics. Most notably, we demonstrate that the observed non-universality of the integrated signal is the consequence of the temporal superposition of the underlying local avalanches, which pop up in an uncorrelated way in homogeneous systems. Our results provide an explanation of recent acoustic emission measurements on drying induced shrinkage cracking and may have relevance for the acoustic monitoring of the electro-mechanical degradation of battery electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Szatmári
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O.Box: 400, Debrecen, 4002, Hungary
| | - Akio Nakahara
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, 274-8501, Japan
| | - So Kitsunezaki
- Research Group of Physics, Division of Natural Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ferenc Kun
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O.Box: 400, Debrecen, 4002, Hungary.
- Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), P.O. Box 51, Debrecen, 4001, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uemura C, Nakahara A, Matsuo Y, Iwata T. Transition condition between memories of vibration and flow in the memory effect of paste. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034604. [PMID: 38632748 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Because of its plasticity, a densely packed colloidal suspension, called a paste, remembers directions of its motion, such as vibration and flow. When it dries, primary desiccation cracks propagate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of its vibrational motion and parallel to the direction of its flow motion, which are memory effects of paste. Application of an oscillatory shear strain to a paste using a rheometer reveals that the transition from memory of vibration to that of flow is induced when the amplitude of the oscillatory shear strain exceeds a threshold value. Findings also demonstrate that oscillatory motion is unnecessary, i.e., merely a large shear deformation is sufficient for the memory of flow. Therefore, only oscillatory shear strain with a small amplitude is necessary for memory of vibration; large shear deformation is sufficient for memory of flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Uemura
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, School of Physical Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan and DigitalBlast, Inc., Tokyo 101-0051, Japan
| | - Akio Nakahara
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan
| | - Yousuke Matsuo
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwata
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, School of Physical Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan and Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Astronautical Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baba R, Fujimaki K, Uemura C, Matsuo Y, Nakahara A, Muramatsu A. Assisting and eliminating memory effects of paste by adding polysaccharides. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054602. [PMID: 38115423 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A densely packed colloidal suspension, called a paste, is known to remember the direction of its motion because of its plasticity. Because the memory in the paste determines the preferential direction for crack propagation, the desiccation crack pattern morphology depends on memory of its motions (memory effect of paste). Two types of memory effects are memory of vibration and memory of flow. When a paste is dried, it usually shows an "isotropic and random cellular" desiccation crack pattern. However, when a paste is vibrated before drying and it remembers the direction of its vibrational motion, primary desiccation cracks propagate in a direction perpendicular to its vibrational motion before drying (memory of vibration). Once it flows and remembers the direction of its flow motion, primary desiccation cracks propagate in the direction parallel to its flow motion (memory of flow). Anisotropic network formation via interparticle attraction among colloidal particles in a suspension is the dominant factor affecting a paste's memory of its motion. Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) paste remembers the direction of its vibrational motion, but not its own flow direction because Coulombic repulsion among charged CaCO_{3} colloidal particles prevents the formation of a network structure in a flow. For this study, we strove to assist and eliminate CaCO_{3} paste memory effects by adding polysaccharides. First, to characterize memory in paste, we propose a method of image analysis to quantify the strength and the direction of the anisotropy of desiccation crack patterns using Shannon's information entropy. Next, we conduct experiments to add polysaccharide to CaCO_{3} paste, revealing that the addition of a small amount of polysaccharide to CaCO_{3} paste assists the paste in remembering its own flow motion. Findings also indicate that the addition of a large amount of polysaccharide prevents the formation of both memories of its flow and vibrational motion and eliminates the memory effects of paste. We then perform "flocculation and sedimentation" experiments to investigate the interaction among CaCO_{3} colloidal particles in a solution. Results show that, in an aqueous solution with low polysaccharide concentration, CaCO_{3} colloidal particles flocculate each other and quickly form a sediment in a short time, whereas, in an aqueous solution with high polysaccharide concentration, a longer time is necessary for flocculation and sedimentation. Because the addition of small amounts of polysaccharides to CaCO_{3} paste induces polymer bridging between colloidal particles as interparticle attraction, it helps to produce a macroscopic network structure which retains memory of its flow motion and thereby assists the formation of memory of flow, whereas the addition of large amounts of polysaccharides induces interparticle repulsion, which prevents the formation of memory effects of all types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Baba
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujimaki
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Uemura
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, School of Physical Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan, and DigitalBlast, Inc., Tokyo 101-0051, Japan
| | - Yousuke Matsuo
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Nakahara
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - Akinori Muramatsu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kitsunezaki S, Nishimoto A, Mizuguchi T, Matsuo Y, Nakahara A. X-ray computerized tomography observation of Lycopodium paste incorporating memory of shaking. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044902. [PMID: 35590649 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a uniform layer consisting of a mixture of granular material and liquid, it is known that desiccation cracks exhibit various anisotropic patterns that depend on the nature of the shaking that the layer experienced before drying. The existence of this effect implies that information regarding the direction of shaking is retained as a kind of memory in the arrangements of granular particles. In this work we make measurements in paste composed of Lycopodium powder using microfocus x-ray computerized tomography (μCT) in order to investigate the three-dimensional arrangements of particles. We find shaking-induced anisotropic arrangements of neighboring particles and density fluctuations forming interstices mainly in the lower part of the layer. We compare the observed properties of these arrangements with numerical results obtained in the study of a model of non-Brownian particles under shear deformation. In the experimental system, we also observe crack tips in the μCT images and confirm that these cracks grow along interstices in the direction perpendicular to the initial shaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Kitsunezaki
- Research Group of Physics, Division of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishimoto
- Faculty of Health and Well-being, Kansai University, Sakai 590-8515, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yousuke Matsuo
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Nakahara
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi 274-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morita J, Otsuki M. Memory effect of external oscillation on residual stress in a paste. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:106. [PMID: 34409512 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the stress distribution of a paste when an external oscillation is applied. The paste memorizes the oscillation through plastic deformation. Due to the plastic deformation, the residual stress remains after the oscillation, where the residual stress distribution depends on the number of cycles in the oscillation. As this number increases, the symmetry of the stress distribution is enhanced, which is consistent with the crack patterns observed in the experiments using a drying paste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Morita
- Department of Physics and Material Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Neturen Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen YT, Pence TJ, Wichman IS. Crack formation during solid pyrolysis: evolution, pattern formation and statistical behaviour. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20190211. [PMID: 31611716 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As solids pyrolyse during combustion, they lose chemical and structural integrity by gradually degrading into residual char and forming defects such as voids, fissures and cracks. The material degradation process, which is coupled to the crack formation process, is described using a theoretical model and is numerically simulated using the finite-element method for a generic, charring, rubber-like material. In this model, a slab of material is subjected to an external, localized heat flux and, as the material degrades, cracks form when the local principal stress exceeds a defined cracking threshold. The magnitude of the cracking threshold σ c is systematically varied in order to examine its influences on crack initiation, evolution, distribution and behaviour over time. When σ c exceeds the maximum principal stress for the entire process, σ m , then no cracks are generated. We quantify how the average crack spacing, total crack length and crack initiation time depend upon the ratio σ c /σ m . Two characteristic domains of crack formation behaviour are identified from the crack initiation behaviour. Correlations are produced for the crack length evolution and final crack length values as functions of σ c /σ m . Crack intersection patterns and behaviour are described and characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen T Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Pence
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Indrek S Wichman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biswas S, Goehring L, Chakrabarti BK. Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 377:rsta.2018.0202. [PMID: 30478212 PMCID: PMC6282412 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manifestations of emergent properties in stressed disordered materials are often the result of an interplay between strong perturbations in the stress field around defects. The collective response of a long-ranged correlated multi-component system is an ideal playing field for statistical physics. Hence, many aspects of such collective responses in widely spread length and energy scales can be addressed by the tools of statistical physics. In this theme issue, some of these aspects are treated from various angles of experiments, simulations and analytical methods, and connected together by their common base of complex-system dynamics.This article is part of the theme issue 'Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes' .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajyoti Biswas
- Max Planck Institute of Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Goehring
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Bikas K Chakrabarti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700108, India
| |
Collapse
|