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Bryan CJ, Butner JE, Tabares JV, Brown LA, Young-McCaughan S, Hale WJ, Litz BT, Yarvis JS, Fina BA, Foa EB, Resick PA, Peterson AL. A dynamical systems analysis of change in PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation among military personnel during treatment for PTSD. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:125-132. [PMID: 38220099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The connections among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidal ideation are elusive because of an overreliance on cross-sectional studies. In this secondary analysis of pooled data from three clinical trials of 742 military personnel, we examined the dynamic relationships among PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation severity assessed repeatedly during and after outpatient treatment for PTSD. METHODS We conducted dynamical systems analyses to explore the potential for coordinated change over time in psychotherapy for PTSD. RESULTS Over the course of psychotherapy, PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation severity changed in coordinated ways, consistent with an interdependent network. Results of eigenvalue decomposition analysis indicated the dominant change dynamic involved high stability and resistance to change but indicators of cycling were also observed, indicating participants "switched" between states that resisted change and states that promoted change. Depression (B = 0.48, SE = 0.11) and suicidal desire (B = 0.15, SE = 0.01) at a given assessment were associated with greater change in PTSD symptom severity at the next assessment. Suicidal desire (B = 0.001, SE < 0.001) at a given assessment was associated with greater change in depression symptom severity at the next assessment. Neither PTSD (B = -0.004, SE = 0.007) nor depression symptom severity (B = 0.000, SE = 0.001) was associated with subsequent change in suicidal ideation severity. CONCLUSIONS In a sample of treatment-seeking military personnel with PTSD, change in suicidal ideation and depression may precede change in PTSD symptoms but change in suicidal ideation was not preceded by change in PTSD or depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Bryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, United States of America; Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Veterans Administration, Canandaigua, NY, United States of America.
| | - Jonathan E Butner
- Department of Psychology, The University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey V Tabares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, United States of America
| | - Lily A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stacey Young-McCaughan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Willie J Hale
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States of America; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Brett T Litz
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiological Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
| | - Jeffrey S Yarvis
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX, United States of America; Tulane University School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Brooke A Fina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States of America
| | - Edna B Foa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patricia A Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Health, United States of America
| | - Alan L Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States of America; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, United States of America; Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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Lehnertz K. Ordinal methods for a characterization of evolving functional brain networks. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:022101. [PMID: 36859225 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ordinal time series analysis is based on the idea to map time series to ordinal patterns, i.e., order relations between the values of a time series and not the values themselves, as introduced in 2002 by C. Bandt and B. Pompe. Despite a resulting loss of information, this approach captures meaningful information about the temporal structure of the underlying system dynamics as well as about properties of interactions between coupled systems. This-together with its conceptual simplicity and robustness against measurement noise-makes ordinal time series analysis well suited to improve characterization of the still poorly understood spatiotemporal dynamics of the human brain. This minireview briefly summarizes the state-of-the-art of uni- and bivariate ordinal time-series-analysis techniques together with applications in the neurosciences. It will highlight current limitations to stimulate further developments, which would be necessary to advance characterization of evolving functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Lehnertz
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, 53115 Bonn, Germany; and Interdisciplinary Center for Complex Systems, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Taylor JD, Chauhan AS, Taylor JT, Shilnikov AL, Nogaret A. Noise-activated barrier crossing in multiattractor dissipative neural networks. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064203. [PMID: 35854623 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Noise-activated transitions between coexisting attractors are investigated in a chaotic spiking network. At low noise level, attractor hopping consists of discrete bifurcation events that conserve the memory of initial conditions. When the escape probability becomes comparable to the intrabasin hopping probability, the lifetime of attractors is given by a detailed balance where the less coherent attractors act as a sink for the more coherent ones. In this regime, the escape probability follows an activation law allowing us to assign pseudoactivation energies to limit cycle attractors. These pseudoenergies introduce a useful metric for evaluating the resilience of biological rhythms to perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Taylor
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok S Chauhan
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - John T Taylor
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey L Shilnikov
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Avenue Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Alain Nogaret
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Morris M, Yamazaki S, Stefanovska A. Multiscale Time-resolved Analysis Reveals Remaining Behavioral Rhythms in Mice Without Canonical Circadian Clocks. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:310-328. [PMID: 35575430 PMCID: PMC9160956 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221087065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are internal processes repeating approximately every 24 hours in living organisms. The dominant circadian pacemaker is synchronized to the environmental light-dark cycle. Other circadian pacemakers, which can have noncanonical circadian mechanisms, are revealed by arousing stimuli, such as scheduled feeding, palatable meals and running wheel access, or methamphetamine administration. Organisms also have ultradian rhythms, which have periods shorter than circadian rhythms. However, the biological mechanism, origin, and functional significance of ultradian rhythms are not well-elucidated. The dominant circadian rhythm often masks ultradian rhythms; therefore, we disabled the canonical circadian clock of mice by knocking out Per1/2/3 genes, where Per1 and Per2 are essential components of the mammalian light-sensitive circadian mechanism. Furthermore, we recorded wheel-running activity every minute under constant darkness for 272 days. We then investigated rhythmic components in the absence of external influences, applying unique multiscale time-resolved methods to analyze the oscillatory dynamics with time-varying frequencies. We found four rhythmic components with periods of ∼17 h, ∼8 h, ∼4 h, and ∼20 min. When the ∼17-h rhythm was prominent, the ∼8-h rhythm was of low amplitude. This phenomenon occurred periodically approximately every 2-3 weeks. We found that the ∼4-h and ∼20-min rhythms were harmonics of the ∼8-h rhythm. Coupling analysis of the ridge-extracted instantaneous frequencies revealed strong and stable phase coupling from the slower oscillations (∼17, ∼8, and ∼4 h) to the faster oscillations (∼20 min), and weak and less stable phase coupling in the reverse direction and between the slower oscillations. Together, this study elucidated the relationship between the oscillators in the absence of the canonical circadian clock, which is critical for understanding their functional significance. These studies are essential as disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to diseases, such as cancer and obesity, as well as mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Morris
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Vasudeva B, Tian R, Wu DH, James SA, Refai HH, Ding L, He F, Yang Y. Multi-phase locking value: A generalized method for determining instantaneous multi-frequency phase coupling. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022; 74. [PMID: 35111233 PMCID: PMC8803274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many physical, biological and neural systems behave as coupled oscillators, with characteristic phase coupling across different frequencies. Methods such as n : m phase locking value (where two coupling frequencies are linked as: mf 1 = nf 2) and bi-phase locking value have previously been proposed to quantify phase coupling between two resonant frequencies (e.g. f, 2f/3) and across three frequencies (e.g. f 1, f 2, f 1 + f 2), respectively. However, the existing phase coupling metrics have their limitations and limited applications. They cannot be used to detect or quantify phase coupling across multiple frequencies (e.g. f 1, f 2, f 3, f 4, f 1 + f 2 + f 3 - f 4), or coupling that involves non-integer multiples of the frequencies (e.g. f 1, f 2, 2f 1/3 + f 2/3). NEW METHODS To address the gap, this paper proposes a generalized approach, named multi-phase locking value (M-PLV), for the quantification of various types of instantaneous multi-frequency phase coupling. Different from most instantaneous phase coupling metrics that measure the simultaneous phase coupling, the proposed M-PLV method also allows the detection of delayed phase coupling and the associated time lag between coupled oscillators. RESULTS The M-PLV has been tested on cases where synthetic coupled signals are generated using white Gaussian signals, and a system comprised of multiple coupled Rössler oscillators, as well as a human subject dataset. Results indicate that the M-PLV can provide a reliable estimation of the time window and frequency combination where the phase coupling is significant, as well as a precise determination of time lag in the case of delayed coupling. This method has the potential to become a powerful new tool for exploring phase coupling in complex nonlinear dynamic systems.
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Lukarski D, Stavrov D, Stankovski T. Variability of cardiorespiratory interactions under different breathing patterns. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Coupling between Blood Pressure and Subarachnoid Space Width Oscillations during Slow Breathing. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23010113. [PMID: 33467769 PMCID: PMC7830105 DOI: 10.3390/e23010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms connecting the cardiovascular system and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are not well understood in detail. This paper investigates the couplings between the cardiac and respiratory components, as extracted from blood pressure (BP) signals and oscillations of the subarachnoid space width (SAS), collected during slow ventilation and ventilation against inspiration resistance. The experiment was performed on a group of 20 healthy volunteers (12 females and 8 males; BMI =22.1±3.2 kg/m2; age 25.3±7.9 years). We analysed the recorded signals with a wavelet transform. For the first time, a method based on dynamical Bayesian inference was used to detect the effective phase connectivity and the underlying coupling functions between the SAS and BP signals. There are several new findings. Slow breathing with or without resistance increases the strength of the coupling between the respiratory and cardiac components of both measured signals. We also observed increases in the strength of the coupling between the respiratory component of the BP and the cardiac component of the SAS and vice versa. Slow breathing synchronises the SAS oscillations, between the brain hemispheres. It also diminishes the similarity of the coupling between all analysed pairs of oscillators, while inspiratory resistance partially reverses this phenomenon. BP–SAS and SAS–BP interactions may reflect changes in the overall biomechanical characteristics of the brain.
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