1
|
Guo J, Wang J, Liang P, Tian E, Liu D, Guo Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Kong W, Crans DC, Lu Y, Zhang S. Vestibular dysfunction leads to cognitive impairments: State of knowledge in the field and clinical perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:36. [PMID: 38391090 PMCID: PMC10914312 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system may have a critical role in the integration of sensory information and the maintenance of cognitive function. A dysfunction in the vestibular system has a significant impact on quality of life. Recent research has provided evidence of a connection between vestibular information and cognitive functions, such as spatial memory, navigation and attention. Although the exact mechanisms linking the vestibular system to cognition remain elusive, researchers have identified various pathways. Vestibular dysfunction may lead to the degeneration of cortical vestibular network regions and adversely affect synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, ultimately contributing to neuronal atrophy and cell death, resulting in memory and visuospatial deficits. Furthermore, the extent of cognitive impairment varies depending on the specific type of vestibular disease. In the present study, the current literature was reviewed, potential causal relationships between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive performance were discussed and directions for future research were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P.R. China
| | - E Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuejin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhanghong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
- Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lorenzetti V, McTavish E, Broyd S, van Hell H, Thomson D, Ganella E, Kottaram AR, Beale C, Martin J, Galettis P, Solowij N, Greenwood LM. Daily Cannabidiol Administration for 10 Weeks Modulates Hippocampal and Amygdalar Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Cannabis Users: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Open-Label Clinical Trial. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37603080 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis use is associated with brain functional changes in regions implicated in prominent neuroscientific theories of addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) is neuroprotective and may reverse structural brain changes associated with prolonged heavy cannabis use. In this study, we examine how an ∼10-week exposure of CBD in cannabis users affected resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions functionally altered by cannabis use. Materials and Methods: Eighteen people who use cannabis took part in a ∼10 weeks open-label pragmatic trial of self-administered daily 200 mg CBD in capsules. They were not required to change their cannabis exposure patterns. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-CBD exposure with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a functional MRI resting-state task (eyes closed). Seed-based connectivity analyses were run to examine changes in the functional connectivity of a priori regions-the hippocampus and the amygdala. We explored if connectivity changes were associated with cannabinoid exposure (i.e., cumulative cannabis dosage over trial, and plasma CBD concentrations and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) plasma metabolites postexposure), and mental health (i.e., severity of anxiety, depression, and positive psychotic symptom scores), accounting for cigarette exposure in the past month, alcohol standard drinks in the past month and cumulative CBD dose during the trial. Results: Functional connectivity significantly decreased pre-to-post the CBD trial between the anterior hippocampus and precentral gyrus, with a strong effect size (d=1.73). Functional connectivity increased between the amygdala and the lingual gyrus pre-to-post the CBD trial, with a strong effect size (d=1.19). There were no correlations with cannabinoids or mental health symptom scores. Discussion: Prolonged CBD exposure may restore/reduce functional connectivity differences reported in cannabis users. These new findings warrant replication in a larger sample, using robust methodologies-double-blind and placebo-controlled-and in the most vulnerable people who use cannabis, including those with more severe forms of Cannabis Use Disorder and experiencing worse mental health outcomes (e.g., psychosis, depression).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Center, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eugene McTavish
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Center, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Broyd
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hendrika van Hell
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diny Thomson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Eleni Ganella
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, the National Center of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Akhil Raja Kottaram
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Center, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camilla Beale
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Martin
- John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Galettis
- Center for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Greenwood
- The Australian Center for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence (ACRE), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crisafulli O, Ravizzotti E, Mezzarobba S, Cosentino C, Bonassi G, Botta A, Abbruzzese G, Marchese R, Avanzino L, Pelosin E. A gait-based paradigm to investigate central body representation in cervical dystonia patients. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1311-1318. [PMID: 36534193 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia (CD) is a common adult-onset idiopathic form of dystonia characterized by an abnormal head posture caused by an excessive activity of the neck muscles. The position of the head is important to direct viewpoint in the rounding environment, and the body orientation, during gait, must be coherent with the subjective straight ahead (SSA). An alteration of the SSA, as in the case of CD patients, could affect gait when visual input is not available. The aim of this study was to probe the behavior of patients with CD during blindfolded walking, investigating the ability to walk straight ahead based only on somatosensory and vestibular information. METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study, patients with CD and healthy control subjects (HC) were compared. All participants were evaluated through a gait analysis during blindfolded walking on a GAITRite carpet, relying on their own sense of straightness. RESULTS Patients with CD showed lower values of path length (p < 0.001), a lower number of steps on the carpet (p < 0.001). A higher number of CD patients deviated during the task, walking out of the carpet, (p < 0.005) compared to HS. No relation was found between the dystonic side and the gait trajectory deviation. A significant correlation was found between pain symptom and gait performance. CONCLUSIONS CD patients showed dysfunctions in controlling dynamic body location during walking without visual afferences, while the dystonic side does not seem to be related to the lateral deviation of the trajectory. Our results would assume that a general proprioceptive impairment could lead to an improper body position awareness in patients with CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Crisafulli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Ravizzotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Rehabilitation Genoa, Ophthalmology, Italy
| | - S Mezzarobba
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Rehabilitation Genoa, Ophthalmology, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Cosentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Rehabilitation Genoa, Ophthalmology, Italy
| | - G Bonassi
- S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Chiavarese, 16043, Chiavari, Italy
| | - A Botta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Rehabilitation Genoa, Ophthalmology, Italy
| | - R Marchese
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Avanzino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132, Rehabilitation Genoa, Ophthalmology, Italy.
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Could an Immersive Virtual Reality Training Improve Navigation Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy? A Pilot Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206146. [PMID: 36294467 PMCID: PMC9604863 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) suffer deficits in their motor, sensory, and cognitive abilities, as well as in their visuospatial competences. In the last years, several authors have tried to correlate the visuospatial abilities with the navigational ones. Given their importance in everyday functions, navigation skills have been deeply studied using increasingly cutting-edge techniques such as virtual reality (VR). However, to our knowledge, there are no studies focused on training using immersive VR (IVR) in children with movement disorders. For this reason, we proposed an IVR training to 35 young participants with CP and conceived to improve their navigation skills in a “simil-real” environment while playing on a dynamic platform. A subgroup performed a part of the training which was specifically dedicated to the use of the allocentric strategy (i.e., looking for landmarks) to navigate the virtual environment. We then compared the children’s navigation and spatial skills pre- and post-intervention. All the children improved their visual–spatial abilities; particularly, if the IVR activities specifically trained their ability to look for landmarks and use them to navigate. The results of this work highlight the potential of an IVR training program to increase the navigation abilities of patients with CPs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chari DA, Madhani A, Sharon JD, Lewis RF. Evidence for cognitive impairment in patients with vestibular disorders. J Neurol 2022; 269:5831-5842. [PMID: 35930032 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive animal research has shown that vestibular damage can be associated with cognitive deficits. More recently, new evidence has emerged linking vestibular disorders to cognitive impairment in humans. Herein, we review contemporary research on the pathophysiology of cognitive-vestibular interactions and discuss its emerging clinical relevance. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. REVIEW METHODS A systematic literature search was performed with combinations of search terms: "cognition," "cognitive impairment," "chronic fatigue," "brain fog," "spatial navigation," "attention," "memory," "executive function," "processing speed," and "vestibular hypofunction." Relevant articles were considered for inclusion, including basic and clinical studies, case series, and major reviews. CONCLUSIONS Patients with vestibular disorders can demonstrate long-term deficits in both spatial and nonspatial cognitive domains. The underlying mechanism(s) linking the vestibular system to cognitive function is not well characterized, but several neuro-biologic correlates have been identified. Additional screening tools are required to identify individuals at risk for cognitive impairment, and further research is needed to determine whether treatment of vestibular dysfunction has the capacity to improve cognitive function. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Physicians should be aware of emerging data supporting the presence of cognitive deficits in patients with vestibular disorders. Prevention and treatment of long-term cognitive deficits may be possible through screening and rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya A Chari
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Jenks Vestibular Physiology Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amsal Madhani
- Jenks Vestibular Physiology Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Sharon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard F Lewis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Jenks Vestibular Physiology Lab, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Putzolu M, Samogin J, Cosentino C, Mezzarobba S, Bonassi G, Lagravinese G, Vato A, Mantini D, Avanzino L, Pelosin E. Neural oscillations during motor imagery of complex gait: an HdEEG study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4314. [PMID: 35279682 PMCID: PMC8918338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences between usual and complex gait motor imagery (MI) task in healthy subjects using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) with a MI protocol. We characterized the spatial distribution of α- and β-bands oscillations extracted from hdEEG signals recorded during MI of usual walking (UW) and walking by avoiding an obstacle (Dual-Task, DT). We applied a source localization algorithm to brain regions selected from a large cortical-subcortical network, and then we analyzed α and β bands Event-Related Desynchronizations (ERDs). Nineteen healthy subjects visually imagined walking on a path with (DT) and without (UW) obstacles. Results showed in both gait MI tasks, α- and β-band ERDs in a large cortical-subcortical network encompassing mostly frontal and parietal regions. In most of the regions, we found α- and β-band ERDs in the DT compared with the UW condition. Finally, in the β band, significant correlations emerged between ERDs and scores in imagery ability tests. Overall we detected MI gait-related α- and β-band oscillations in cortical and subcortical areas and significant differences between UW and DT MI conditions. A better understanding of gait neural correlates may lead to a better knowledge of pathophysiology of gait disturbances in neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao C, Huang WJ, Feng F, Zhou B, Yao HX, Guo YE, Wang P, Wang LN, Shu N, Zhang X. Abnormal characterization of dynamic functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2014-2021. [PMID: 35142691 PMCID: PMC8848607 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections, ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain. In this case-control study, we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI. We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant, and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls. Finally, we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification. We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus, default mode network, and dorsal attention network among normal controls, aMCI patients, and AD patients. These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing; Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Neurology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Neurology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Yao
- Department of Radiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-E Guo
- Department of Neurology, Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scalp recorded theta activity is modulated by reward, direction, and speed during virtual navigation in freely moving humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2041. [PMID: 35132101 PMCID: PMC8821620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta oscillations (~ 4–12 Hz) are dynamically modulated by speed and direction in freely moving animals. However, due to the paucity of electrophysiological recordings of freely moving humans, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we combined mobile-EEG with fully immersive virtual-reality to investigate theta dynamics in 22 healthy adults (aged 18–29 years old) freely navigating a T-maze to find rewards. Our results revealed three dynamic periods of theta modulation: (1) theta power increases coincided with the participants’ decision-making period; (2) theta power increased for fast and leftward trials as subjects approached the goal location; and (3) feedback onset evoked two phase-locked theta bursts over the right temporal and frontal-midline channels. These results suggest that recording scalp EEG in freely moving humans navigating a simple virtual T-maze can be utilized as a powerful translational model by which to map theta dynamics during “real-life” goal-directed behavior in both health and disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan N, Zheng K, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Dong C, Xu J, Li X, Zheng Y. Morphometry Difference of the Hippocampal Formation Between Blind and Sighted Individuals. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:715749. [PMID: 34803579 PMCID: PMC8601390 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.715749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed morphometry alterations of the human hippocampal formation (HF) for blind individuals are still understudied. 50 subjects were recruited from Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, including 16 congenital blindness, 14 late blindness, and 20 sighted controls. Volume and shape analysis were conducted between the blind (congenital or late) and sighted groups to observe the (sub)regional alterations of the HF. No significant difference of the hippocampal volume was observed between the blind and sighted subjects. Rightward asymmetry of the hippocampal volume was found for both congenital and late blind individuals, while no significant hemispheric difference was observed for the sighted controls. Shape analysis showed that the superior and inferior parts of both the hippocampal head and tail expanded, while the medial and lateral parts constrained for the blind individuals as compared to the sighted controls. The morphometry alterations for the congenital blind and late blind individuals are nearly the same. Significant expansion of the superior part of the hippocampal tail for both congenital and late blind groups were observed for the left hippocampi after FDR correction. Current results suggest that the cross-model plastic may occur in both hemispheres of the HF to improve the navigation ability without the stimuli of visual cues, and the alteration is more prominent for the left hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Pan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Master of Public Administration Education Center, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Lab of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Changxu Dong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Junhai Xu
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Lab of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanjie Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castilla A, Borst G, Cohen D, Fradin J, Lefrançois C, Houdé O, Zaoui M, Berthoz A. A New Paradigm for the Study of Cognitive Flexibility in Children and Adolescents: The "Virtual House Locomotor Maze" (VHLM). Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:708378. [PMID: 34630176 PMCID: PMC8495412 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical neuropsychological assessments are designed to explore cognitive brain functions using paper-and-pencil or digital tests. The purpose of this study was to design and to test a new protocol named the "Virtual House Locomotor Maze" (VHLM) for studying inhibitory control as well as mental flexibility using a visuo-spatial locomotor memory test. The VHLM is a simple maze including six houses using the technology of the Virtual Carpet Paradigm™. Ten typical development children (TD) were enrolled in this study. The participants were instructed to reach a target house as quickly as possible and to bear in mind the experimental instructions. We examined their planning and replanning abilities to take the shortest path to reach a target house. In order to study the cognitive processes during navigation, we implemented a spatio-temporal index based on the measure of kinematics behaviors (i.e., trajectories, tangential velocity and head direction). Replanning was tested by first repeating a path chosen by the subject to reach a given house. After learning this path, it was blocked imposing that the subject inhibited the learned trajectory and designed a new trajectory to reach the same house. We measured the latency of the departure after the presentation of each house and the initial direction of the trajectory. The results suggest that several strategies are used by the subjects for replanning and our measures could be used as an index of impulsivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Castilla
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurosciences, Institut de Médecine Environnementale (IME), Paris, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de recherche en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Gregoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - David Cohen
- Département de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, and Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Fradin
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurosciences, Institut de Médecine Environnementale (IME), Paris, France
| | - Camille Lefrançois
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurosciences, Institut de Médecine Environnementale (IME), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Zaoui
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de recherche en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Alain Berthoz
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de recherche en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Zhao H, Qing Z, Nedelska Z, Wu S, Lu J, Wu W, Yin Z, Hort J, Xu Y, Zhang B. Disrupted Network Topology Contributed to Spatial Navigation Impairment in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:630677. [PMID: 34149391 PMCID: PMC8210585 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.630677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment in spatial navigation (SN) and structural network topology is not limited to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and can be detected earlier in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We recruited 32 MCI patients (65.91 ± 11.33 years old) and 28 normal cognition patients (NC; 69.68 ± 10.79 years old), all of whom underwent a computer-based battery of SN tests evaluating egocentric, allocentric, and mixed SN strategies and diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). To evaluate the topological features of the structural connectivity network, we calculated its measures such as the global efficiency, local efficiency, clustering coefficient, and shortest path length with GRETNA. We determined the correlation between SN accuracy and network topological properties. Compared to NC, MCI subjects demonstrated a lower egocentric navigation accuracy. Compared with NC, MCI subjects showed significantly decreased clustering coefficients in the left middle frontal gyrus, right rectus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right inferior parietal gyrus and decreased shortest path length in the left paracentral lobule. We observed significant positive correlations of the shortest path length in the left paracentral lobule with both the mixed allocentric–egocentric and the allocentric accuracy measured by the average total errors. A decreased clustering coefficient in the right inferior parietal gyrus was associated with a larger allocentric navigation error. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) did not affect the correlation between network properties and SN accuracy. This study demonstrated that structural connectivity network abnormalities, especially in the frontal and parietal gyri, are associated with a lower SN accuracy, independently of WMH, providing a new insight into the brain mechanisms associated with SN impairment in MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Qing
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuzana Nedelska
- Department of Neurology, The Czech Brain Ageing Study, Memory Clinic, Second Faculty of Medicine-Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sichu Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, The Czech Brain Ageing Study, Memory Clinic, Second Faculty of Medicine-Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan DM, Kamel N, Muzaimi M, Hill T. Effective Connectivity for Default Mode Network Analysis of Alcoholism. Brain Connect 2020; 11:12-29. [PMID: 32842756 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the recent technical advances in brain imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers' interests have inclined over the years to study brain functions through the analysis of the variations in the statistical dependence among various brain regions. Through its wide use in studying brain connectivity, the low temporal resolution of the fMRI represented by the limited number of samples per second, in addition to its dependence on brain slow hemodynamic changes, makes it of limited capability in studying the fast underlying neural processes during information exchange between brain regions. Materials and Methods: In this article, the high temporal resolution of the electroencephalography (EEG) is utilized to estimate the effective connectivity within the default mode network (DMN). The EEG data are collected from 20 subjects with alcoholism and 25 healthy subjects (controls), and used to obtain the effective connectivity diagram of the DMN using the Partial Directed Coherence algorithm. Results: The resulting effective connectivity diagram within the DMN shows the unidirectional causal effect of each region on the other. The variations in the causal effects within the DMN between controls and alcoholics show clear correlation with the symptoms that are usually associated with alcoholism, such as cognitive and memory impairments, executive control, and attention deficiency. The correlation between the exchanged causal effects within the DMN and symptoms related to alcoholism is discussed and properly analyzed. Conclusion: The establishment of the causal differences between control and alcoholic subjects within the DMN regions provides valuable insight into the mechanism by which alcohol modulates our cognitive and executive functions and creates better possibility for effective treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danish M Khan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.,Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, University Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Muzaimi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Malaysia
| | - Timothy Hill
- Neurotherapy & Psychology, Brain Therapy Centre, Kent Town, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biffi E, Gagliardi C, Maghini C, Genova C, Panzeri D, Redaelli DF, Turconi AC. Learning My Way: A Pilot Study of Navigation Skills in Cerebral Palsy in Immersive Virtual Reality. Front Psychol 2020; 11:591296. [PMID: 33329252 PMCID: PMC7734617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Human navigation skills are essential for everyday life and rely on several cognitive abilities, among which visual-spatial competences that are impaired in subjects with cerebral palsy (CP). In this work, we proposed navigation tasks in immersive virtual reality (IVR) to 15 children with CP and 13 typically developing (TD) peers in order to assess the individual navigation strategies and their modifiability in a situation resembling real life. Methods: We developed and adapted to IVR an application based on a 5-way maze in a playground that was to be navigated to find a reward. The learning process, navigation strategies, and adaptation to changes were compared between participants with CP and their TD peers and correlated with visual-spatial abilities and cognitive competences. Results: Most participants with CP needed more attempts than TD participants to become proficient in navigation. Furthermore, the learning phase was correlated to visual-spatial memory but not with cognitive competences. Interestingly, navigation skills were comparable between groups after stabilization. While TD participants mainly relied on allocentric strategies based on environmental cues, egocentric (self-centered) strategies based on body motion prevailed in participants with CP. Furthermore, participants with CP had more difficulties in modifying their navigation strategies, caused by difficulties in executive processes beyond the visual-perceptual impairment, with an inefficient shift between implicit and explicit competences. Conclusions: The navigation abilities in participants with CP seem to be different from their TD peers in terms of learning and adaptation to new conditions; this could deeply affect their everyday life and ultimately participation and inclusion. A regular assessing and focused rehabilitative plans could help to better navigate the environment and affect self-perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Biffi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Gagliardi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Cristina Maghini
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Genova
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Daniele Panzeri
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kronovsek T, Hermand E, Berthoz A, Castilla A, Gallou-Guyot M, Daviet JC, Perrochon A. Age-related decline in visuo-spatial working memory is reflected by dorsolateral prefrontal activation and cognitive capabilities. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112981. [PMID: 33144176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) performances undergo a decline throughout aging and are affected by the space in which the task is performed (reaching or navigational). Cerebral oxygenation and cognitive capabilities could explain this decline. We assessed the effects of age on cerebral oxygenation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in VSWM tasks in reaching and navigational space. We also assessed cognitive correlates of VSWM performance in each space. METHOD Thirty-one (31) young adults (YA) and 24 healthy older adults (OA) performed a battery of neuropsychological tests and the electronic Corsi Block-tapping Test in reaching space (e-CBT) and in navigational space on the "Virtual Carpet" (VWCT). Participants were asked to memorize and recall a sequential pathway, progressively increasing from 2 to 9 blocks. Their span score reflected VSWM performance. The dlPFC oxygenation (oxyhaemoglobin: ΔO2Hb and deoxyhaemoglobin: ΔHHb) was measured by using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the encoding of the sequential pathway in both tasks. RESULTS YA had higher span scores than OA in both spaces. We identified a significantly stronger decrease of ΔHHb in YA compared to OA during encoding in VWCT. OA also exhibited significantly lower cerebral oxygenation in VWCT compared to e-CBT. A decrease of ΔHHb was also associated with a better performance in VWCT. Finally, we identified the association of mental rotation and executive functions with VSWM performance in both tasks. CONCLUSION VSWM performance and cerebral oxygenation during encoding are impacted by aging. Space in which the task was performed was found to be associated with different cognitive functions and revealed differences in cerebral oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Téo Kronovsek
- Université De Limoges, HAVAE, EA 6310, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Eric Hermand
- Université De Limoges, HAVAE, EA 6310, F-87000 Limoges, France; EA 7369 URePSSS (Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen S, Xu W, Xue C, Hu G, Ma W, Qi W, Dong L, Lin X, Chen J. Voxelwise Meta-Analysis of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline Using Activation Likelihood Estimation. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1495-1512. [PMID: 32925061 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Voxel-based morphometry studies have not yielded consistent results among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Objective: Therefore, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of gray matter (GM) abnormalities acquired from these studies to determine their respective neuroanatomical changes. Methods: We systematically searched for voxel-based whole-brain morphometry studies that compared MCI or SCD subjects with healthy controls in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. We used the coordinate-based method of activation likelihood estimation to determine GM changes in SCD, MCI, and MCI sub-groups (amnestic MCI and non-amnestic MCI). Results: A total of 45 studies were included in our meta-analysis. In the MCI group, we found structural atrophy of the bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), amygdala, right lateral globus pallidus, right insula, and left middle temporal gyrus. The aMCI group exhibited GM atrophy in the bilateral hippocampus, PHG, and amygdala. The naMCI group presented with structural atrophy in the right putamen, right insula, right precentral gyrus, left medial/superior frontal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate. The right lingual gyrus, right cuneus, and left medial frontal gyrus were atrophic GM regions in the SCD group. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis identified unique patterns of neuroanatomical alternations in both the MCI and SCD group. Structural changes in SCD patients provide new evidence for the notion that subtle impairment of visual function, perception, and cognition may be related to early signs of cognitive impairment. In addition, our findings provide a foundation for future targeted interventions at different stages of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenying Ma
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang M, Zhao K, Qu F, Li K, Fu X. Brain Activation in Contrasts of Microexpression Following Emotional Contexts. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:329. [PMID: 32410934 PMCID: PMC7202324 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of microexpressions may be influenced by emotional contexts. The microexpression is recognized poorly when it follows a negative context in contrast to a neutral context. Based on the behavioral evidence, we predicted that the effect of emotional contexts might be dependent on neural activities. Using the synthesized microexpressions task modified from the Micro-Expression Training Tool (METT), we performed an functional MRI (fMRI) study to compare brain response in contrasts of the same targets following different contexts. Behaviorally, we observed that the accuracies of target microexpressions following neutral contexts were significantly higher than those following negative or positive contexts. At the neural level, we found increased brain activations in contrasts of the same targets following different contexts, which reflected the discrepancy in the processing of emotional contexts. The increased activations implied that different emotional contexts might differently influence the processing of subsequent target microexpressions and further suggested interactions between the processing of emotional contexts and of microexpressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbing Qu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyun Li
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schöberl F, Zwergal A, Brandt T. Testing Navigation in Real Space: Contributions to Understanding the Physiology and Pathology of Human Navigation Control. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:6. [PMID: 32210769 PMCID: PMC7069479 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful navigation relies on the flexible and appropriate use of metric representations of space or topological knowledge of the environment. Spatial dimensions (2D vs. 3D), spatial scales (vista-scale vs. large-scale environments) and the abundance of visual landmarks critically affect navigation performance and behavior in healthy human subjects. Virtual reality (VR)-based navigation paradigms in stationary position have given insight into the major navigational strategies, namely egocentric (body-centered) and allocentric (world-centered), and the cerebral control of navigation. However, VR approaches are biased towards optic flow and visual landmark processing. This major limitation can be overcome to some extent by increasingly immersive and realistic VR set-ups (including large-screen projections, eye tracking and use of head-mounted camera systems). However, the highly immersive VR settings are difficult to apply particularly to older subjects and patients with neurological disorders because of cybersickness and difficulties with learning and conducting the tasks. Therefore, a need for the development of novel spatial tasks in real space exists, which allows a synchronous analysis of navigational behavior, strategy, visual explorations and navigation-induced brain activation patterns. This review summarizes recent findings from real space navigation studies in healthy subjects and patients with different cognitive and sensory neurological disorders. Advantages and limitations of real space navigation testing and different VR-based navigation paradigms are discussed in view of potential future applications in clinical neurology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schöberl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, DSGZ, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, DSGZ, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brandt
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, DSGZ, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Neurosciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neuroergonomics of car driving: A critical meta-analysis of neuroimaging data on the human brain behind the wheel. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:464-479. [PMID: 30442593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Car driving, an everyday life activity, has been under the scope of investigation for long. Neurosciences and psychology have contributed to better understand the human processes engaged while driving, to such an extent that a meta-analysis of all available fMRI data is now possible to extract the most relevant information. Using the Activation Likelihood Estimation method, we therefore conducted such a meta-analysis on 9 studies, representing 27 neuroimaging contrasts and 131 participants. We identified a network composed of brain areas underlying the cognitive abilities required for driving: sensorimotor coordination, sensory and attentional processing, high-level cognitive control and allocation of attentional resources. We complemented this meta-analysis with a neuroergonomics approach combining driving control knowledge, distinguishing the strategical, tactical and operational levels, with neuroscientific knowledge and models on cognitive control operated by the prefrontal cortex. The results exposed the distinct neural circuits engaged behind the wheel depending on the task performed. Based on the combination of neuroscientific and ergonomic knowledge, a hybrid car driving framework is also proposed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Bianchini F, Verde P, Colangeli S, Boccia M, Strollo F, Guariglia C, Bizzarro G, Piccardi L. Effects of oral contraceptives and natural menstrual cycling on environmental learning. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:179. [PMID: 30404622 PMCID: PMC6223061 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous ovarian hormones as well as exogenous oestradiol and progesterone play an important role in cognitive processing. Specifically, these hormones play a role in different aspects of memory, both in terms of storage capacity and temporal duration of the mnemonic track. These hormones also have various effects on different types of memory (i.e., verbal, visuo-spatial, prospective). This study investigated the effects of hormones on topographic memory, a type of memory specifically needed to recall a pathway and to acquire spatial information about locations, distances, and directions. METHODS We compared 25 naturally cycling women (NCW) in two different cycling phases, the early follicular phase (4th - 5th days) and the mid-luteal phase (20th-21st days), with 26 women taking oral contraceptives (OC) tested in the active pill phase (20th to 21st day of OC cycle) and the inactive pill phase (2nd to 4th day of OC cycle). Both groups performed the Walking Corsi Test to assess topographic memory in their respective cycling phases. Women were instructed to learn an eight-step sequence path and recall the path five minutes later. RESULTS We found that the two groups differed in terms of learning the 8-step sequence path; OC users were always better (4-5 days vs. 20-21 days) than NCW. No differences emerged in the delayed recall of the same path. CONCLUSIONS As already observed in other memory domains (i.e., verbal memory, emotional memory), OC users showed an advantage in terms of topographic learning. Our results might be explained by hormonal mechanisms and may suggest the future application of OC in women with topographic disorders or visuo-spatial difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Verde
- Aerospace Medicine Department, Italian Air Force, Experimental Flight Centre, Pratica di Mare, Pomezia (RM), Italy.
| | - Stefano Colangeli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Strollo
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bizzarro
- Aerospace Medicine Department, Italian Air Force, Experimental Flight Centre, Pratica di Mare, Pomezia (RM), Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Piccardi L, Palmiero M, Bocchi A, Giannini AM, Boccia M, Baralla F, Cordellieri P, D’Amico S. Continuous Environmental Changes May Enhance Topographic Memory Skills. Evidence From L'Aquila Earthquake-Exposed Survivors. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:318. [PMID: 30131685 PMCID: PMC6090551 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contextual changes, such as those occurring after an earthquake, requires individuals to learn novel routes around their environment, landmarks and spatial layout. In this study, we aimed to uncover whether contextual changes that occurred after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake affected topographic memory in exposed survivors. We hypothesized that individuals exposed to environmental changes-individuals living in L'Aquila before, during and after the earthquake (hereafter called exposed participants, EPs)-improved their topographic memory skills compared with non-exposed participants (NEPs) who moved to L'Aquila after the earthquake, as only EPs had to modify their previous cognitive map of L'Aquila. We also hypothesized that memory improvement was selective for the navigational space and did not generalize across other spatial and verbal domains. To test these hypotheses, we compared the topographic and spatial memory skills of 56 EPs without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to the skills of 47 NEPs using the Walking Corsi Test (WalCT; memory test in the navigational space) and the Corsi Block-Tapping Test (CBT; visuospatial memory test in the reaching space); EPs and NEPs were matched for gender, education and general navigational skills. A sub-group of participants also underwent the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; verbal memory test). The results showed that only EPs had better performances on topographic learning (TL) assessed using the WalCT rather than spatial learning assessed by the CBT. This outcome suggests the possibility that EPs specifically improved topographic memory. This effect may be due to continuous exposure to environmental changes that have required individuals to learn novel paths within the city and integrate novel information, such as "new towns," into their pre-existing mental representation of the city. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piccardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Palmiero
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Bocchi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Baralla
- Vincenzo Tiberio Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Simonetta D’Amico
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colombo D, Serino S, Tuena C, Pedroli E, Dakanalis A, Cipresso P, Riva G. Egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames in aging: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:605-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
22
|
Salgado-Pineda P, Landin-Romero R, Pomes A, Spanlang B, Sarró S, Salvador R, Slater M, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E. Patterns of activation and de-activation associated with cue-guided spatial navigation: A whole-brain, voxel-based study. Neuroscience 2017; 358:70-78. [PMID: 28663090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional imaging studies have implicated the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in cue-guided spatial navigation, but also many other regions. Furthermore, little is known about de-activations that take place during performance of navigation tasks, something that is of interest given that the hippocampus is a component of the default mode network, which de-activates during attention-demanding tasks. In this study 22 healthy subjects underwent whole-brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while they navigated toward a previously learned goal in a virtual reality environment. At a threshold of p<0.05 corrected, the subjects showed a pattern of widespread cortical activations, including the parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex and also parts of the frontal, temporal and occipital cortex. Hippocampal activation, however, was restricted to the posterior portion of the structure bilaterally. De-activations were seen in the medial frontal cortex and other regions of the default mode network, but not in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. The findings support the involvement of the hippocampus in cue-guided navigation, but suggest that its posterior regions are particularly important. Cue-guided spatial navigation is associated with de-activation in some but not all parts of the default mode network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | | | - Ausias Pomes
- Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Spanlang
- Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Mel Slater
- Event Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J McKenna
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Iachini T, Ruotolo F, Vinciguerra M, Ruggiero G. Manipulating time and space: Collision prediction in peripersonal and extrapersonal space. Cognition 2017; 166:107-117. [PMID: 28554080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Being able to predict potential collisions is a necessary survival prerequisite for all moving species. Temporal and spatial information is fundamental for this purpose. However, it is not clear yet if the peripersonal (i.e. near) and extrapersonal (i.e. far) distance between our body and the moving objects affects the way in which we can predict possible collisions. In order to assess this, we manipulated independently velocity and path of two balls moving one towards the other in such a way as to collide or not in peripersonal and extrapersonal space. In two experiments, participants had to judge if these balls were to collide or not. The results consistently showed a lower discrimination capacity and a more liberal tendency to predict collisions when the moving balls were in peripersonal space and their velocity was different rather than equal. This did not happen in extrapersonal space. Therefore, peripersonal space was particularly affected by temporal information. The possible link between the motor and anticipatory adaptive function of peripersonal space and collision prediction mechanisms is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Iachini
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy.
| | - Francesco Ruotolo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michela Vinciguerra
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| | - Gennaro Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Immersive Virtual Reality, CS-IVR, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The central point of this article is that the concept of memory as information storage in the brain is inadequate for and irrelevant to understanding the nervous system. Beginning from the sensorimotor hypothesis that underlies neuroscience—that the entire function of the nervous system is to connect experience to appropriate behavior—the paper defines memories as sequences of events that connect remote experience to present behavior. Their essential components are (a) persistent events that bridge the time from remote experience to present behavior and (b) junctional events in which connections from remote experience and recent experience merge to produce behavior. The sequences comprising even the simplest memories are complex. This is both necessary—to preserve previously learned behaviors—and inevitable—due to secondary activity-driven plasticity. This complexity further highlights the inadequacy of the information storage concept and the importance of extreme simplicity in models used to study memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Wolpaw
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hervais-Adelman A, Legrand LB, Zhan M, Tamietto M, de Gelder B, Pegna AJ. Looming sensitive cortical regions without V1 input: evidence from a patient with bilateral cortical blindness. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:51. [PMID: 26557059 PMCID: PMC4614319 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and automatic behavioral responses are required to avoid collision with an approaching stimulus. Accordingly, looming stimuli have been found to be highly salient and efficient attractors of attention due to the implication of potential collision and potential threat. Here, we address the question of whether looming motion is processed in the absence of any functional primary visual cortex and consequently without awareness. For this, we investigated a patient (TN) suffering from complete, bilateral damage to his primary visual cortex. Using an fMRI paradigm, we measured TN's brain activation during the presentation of looming, receding, rotating, and static point lights, of which he was unaware. When contrasted with other conditions, looming was found to produce bilateral activation of the middle temporal areas, as well as the superior temporal sulcus and inferior parietal lobe (IPL). The latter are generally thought to be involved in multisensory processing of motion in extrapersonal space, as well as attentional capture and saliency. No activity was found close to the lesioned V1 area. This demonstrates that looming motion is processed in the absence of awareness through direct subcortical projections to areas involved in multisensory processing of motion and saliency that bypass V1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hervais-Adelman
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychology, Neurology Clinic, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Brain and Language Lab, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lore B Legrand
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychology, Neurology Clinic, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Minye Zhan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marco Tamietto
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino Torino, Italy ; Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands ; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Beatrice de Gelder
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alan J Pegna
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychology, Neurology Clinic, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland ; School of Psychology, University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sulpizio V, Committeri G, Lambrey S, Berthoz A, Galati G. Role of the human retrosplenial cortex/parieto-occipital sulcus in perspective priming. Neuroimage 2015; 125:108-119. [PMID: 26484830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to imagine the world from a different viewpoint is a fundamental competence for spatial reorientation and for imagining what another individual sees in the environment. Here, we investigated the neural bases of such an ability using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Healthy participants detected target displacements across consecutive views of a familiar virtual room, either from the perspective of an avatar (primed condition) or in the absence of such a prime (unprimed condition). In the primed condition, the perspective at test always corresponded to the avatar's perspective, while in the unprimed condition it was randomly chosen as 0, 45 or 135deg of viewpoint rotation. We observed a behavioral advantage in performing a perspective transformation during the primed condition as compared to an equivalent amount of unprimed perspective change. Although many cortical regions (dorsal parietal, parieto-temporo-occipital junction, precuneus and retrosplenial cortex/parieto-occipital sulcus or RSC/POS) were involved in encoding and retrieving target location from different perspectives and were modulated by the amount of viewpoint rotation, the RSC/POS was the only area showing decreased activity in the primed as compared to the unprimed condition, suggesting that this region anticipates the upcoming perspective change. The retrosplenial cortex/parieto-occipital sulcus appears to play a special role in the allocentric coding of heading directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Committeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simon Lambrey
- LPPA, Collège de France-CNRS, Paris, France; Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Gaspare Galati
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bertholet L, Escobar MT, Depré M, Chavan CF, Giuliani F, Gisquet-Verrier P, Preissmann D, Schenk F. Spatial radial maze procedures and setups to dissociate local and distal relational spatial frameworks in humans. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 253:126-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
28
|
Belmonti V, Berthoz A, Cioni G, Fiori S, Guzzetta A. Navigation strategies as revealed by error patterns on the Magic Carpet test in children with cerebral palsy. Front Psychol 2015. [PMID: 26217250 PMCID: PMC4495317 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Short-term memory develops differently in navigation vs. manual space. The Magic Carpet (MC) is a novel navigation test derived from the Walking Corsi Test and the manual Corsi Block-tapping Task (CBT). The MC requires mental rotations and executive function. In Cerebral Palsy (CP), CBT, and MC scores relate differently to clinical and lesional factors. Hypotheses of this study are: that frontal lesion specifically affect navigation in CP; that brain lesions affect MC cognitive strategies. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two children with spastic CP, aged 5 to 14 years, 14 with a unilateral and 8 with a bilateral form, underwent the CBT and the MC. Errors were classified into seven patterns by a recently described algorithm. Brain lesions were quantified according to a novel semi-quantitative MRI scale. Control data were partially drawn from a previous study on 91 typically developing children. Results: Children with CP performed worse than controls on both tests. Right hemispheric impairment correlated with spatial memory. MC span was reduced less than CBT span and was more selectively related to right middle white-matter and frontal lesions. Error patterns were differently distributed in CP and in typical development, and depended on right brain impairment: children with more extensive right lesions made more positional than sequential errors. Discussion: In CP, navigation is affected especially by extensive lesions involving the right frontal lobe. In addition, these are associated with abnormal cognitive strategies. Whereas in typical development positional errors, preserving serial order, increase with age and performance, in CP they are associated with poorer performance and more extensive right-brain lesions. The explanation may lie in lesion side: right brain is crucial for mental rotations, necessary for spatial updating. Left-lateralized spatial memory strategies, relying on serial order, are not efficient if not accompanied by right-brain spatial functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Belmonti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Calambrone, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Calambrone, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Calambrone, Italy
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris Calambrone, Italy ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boccia M, Guariglia C, Sabatini U, Nemmi F. Navigating toward a novel environment from a route or survey perspective: neural correlates and context-dependent connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:2005-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Belmonti V, Cioni G, Berthoz A. Switching from reaching to navigation: differential cognitive strategies for spatial memory in children and adults. Dev Sci 2014; 18:569-86. [DOI: 10.1111/desc.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Belmonti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Pisa (Calambrone) Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Pisa; Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience; IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris; Pisa (Calambrone) Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Pisa; Italy
| | - Alain Berthoz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action; UMR7152 CNRS-Collège de France Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sulpizio V, Committeri G, Galati G. Distributed cognitive maps reflecting real distances between places and views in the human brain. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:716. [PMID: 25309392 PMCID: PMC4160952 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEEPING ORIENTED IN THE ENVIRONMENT IS A MULTIFACETED ABILITY THAT REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF AT LEAST THREE PIECES OF INFORMATION: one's own location ("place") and orientation ("heading") within the environment, and which location in the environment one is looking at ("view"). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans to examine the neural signatures of these information. Participants were scanned while viewing snapshots which varied for place, view and heading within a virtual room. We observed adaptation effects, proportional to the physical distances between consecutive places and views, in scene-responsive (retrosplenial complex and parahippocampal gyrus), fronto-parietal and lateral occipital regions. Multivoxel pattern classification of signals in scene-responsive regions and in the hippocampus allowed supra-chance decoding of place, view and heading, and revealed the existence of map-like representations, where places and views closer in physical space entailed activity patterns more similar in neural representational space. The pattern of hippocampal activity reflected both view- and place-based distances, the pattern of parahippocampal activity preferentially discriminated between views, and the pattern of retrosplenial activity combined place and view information, while the fronto-parietal cortex only showed transient effects of changes in place, view, and heading. Our findings provide evidence for the presence of map-like spatial representations which reflect metric distances in terms of both one's own and landmark locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Committeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio Foundation Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS Roma, Italy ; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to reappraise the current state about what we know of vestibular cognition. The review focuses on cognition and perception, and hence the stress on human studies. In addition, the cerebral cortex is the main but not exclusive brain region of interest. There is a brief mention of vestibular ocular function if only to demonstrate the differential processing between reflex and perception. The effect of vestibular activation on some aspects of cognition, for example neglect, is not reviewed, as there have been no recent landmark findings in this area. RECENT FINDINGS The vestibular cerebellum is pivotal in the differential gating of vestibular perceptual and ocular signals to the cerebral cortex. The neuroanatomical correlates mediating vestibular sensations of self-motion ('am I moving?') and spatial orientation ('where am I now?') are distinct. Vestibular-motion perception is supported by a widespread white matter network. Vestibular activation specifically reduces visual motion cortical excitability, whereas other visual cortical regions show an increase in excitability. SUMMARY As the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) and self-motion perception can be uncoupled both behaviourally and in neural correlate, deficits underlying vestibular patients' symptoms may not be revealed by simple VOR assessment. Given the pivotal cerebellar role in gating vestibular signals to perceptual regions, modulating mechanisms of cerebellar plasticity, for example by combining training with medication or brain stimulation, may prove fruitful in treating the symptoms of chronic dizzy patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
Previc FH, Krueger WW, Ross RA, Roman MA, Siegel G. The relationship between vestibular function and topographical memory in older adults. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:46. [PMID: 24917795 PMCID: PMC4041072 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research during the past two decades has demonstrated an important role of the vestibular system in topographical orientation and memory and the network of neural structures associated with them. Almost all of the supporting data have come from animal or human clinical studies, however. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the link between vestibular function and topographical memory in normal elderly humans. Twenty-five participants aged 70 to 85 years who scored from mildly impaired to normal on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) received three topographical memory tests: the Camden Topographical Recognition Memory Test (CTMRT), a computerized topographical mental rotation test (TMRT), and a virtual pond maze (VPM). They also received six vestibular or oculomotor tests: optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), visual pursuit (VP), actively generated vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), the sensory orientation test (SOT) for posture, and two measures of rotational memory (error in degrees, or RM°, and correct directional recognition, or RM→). The only significant bivariate correlations were among the three vestibular measures primarily assessing horizontal canal function (VOR, RM°, and RM→). A multiple regression analysis showed significant relationships between vestibular and demographic predictors and both the TMRT (R = 0.78) and VPM (R = 0.66) measures. The significant relationship between the vestibular and topographical memory measures supports the theory that vestibular loss may contribute to topographical memory impairment in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred H Previc
- Biomedical Development Corporation San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Ruth A Ross
- Biomedical Development Corporation San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Gregg Siegel
- Biomedical Development Corporation San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boccia M, Nemmi F, Guariglia C. Neuropsychology of environmental navigation in humans: review and meta-analysis of FMRI studies in healthy participants. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:236-51. [PMID: 24488500 PMCID: PMC4010721 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, many studies in the cognitive neurosciences have analyzed human ability to navigate in recently learned and familiar environments by investigating the cognitive processes involved in successful navigation. In this study, we reviewed the main experimental paradigms and made a cognitive-oriented meta-analysis of fMRI studies of human navigation to underline the importance of the experimental designs and cognitive tasks used to assess navigational skills. We performed a general activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 66 fMRI experiments to identify the neural substrates underpinning general aspects of human navigation. Four individual ALE analyses were performed to identify the neural substrates of different experimental paradigms (i.e., familiar vs. recently learned environments) and different navigational strategies (allocentric vs. egocentric). Results of the general ALE analysis highlighted a wide network of areas with clusters in the occipital, parietal, frontal and temporal lobes, especially in the parahippocampal cortex. Familiar environments seem to be processed by an extended temporal-frontal network, whereas recently learned environments require activation in the parahippocampal cortex and the parietal and occipital lobes. Allocentric strategy is subtended by the same areas as egocentric strategy, but the latter elicits greater activation in the right precuneus, middle occipital lobe and angular gyrus. Our results suggest that different neural correlates are involved in recalling a well-learned or recently acquired environment and that different networks of areas subtend egocentric and allocentric strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università La Sapienza, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Altenmüller E, Siggel S, Mohammadi B, Samii A, Münte TF. Play it again, Sam: brain correlates of emotional music recognition. Front Psychol 2014; 5:114. [PMID: 24634661 PMCID: PMC3927073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Music can elicit strong emotions and can be remembered in connection with these emotions even decades later. Yet, the brain correlates of episodic memory for highly emotional music compared with less emotional music have not been examined. We therefore used fMRI to investigate brain structures activated by emotional processing of short excerpts of film music successfully retrieved from episodic long-term memory. Methods: Eighteen non-musicians volunteers were exposed to 60 structurally similar pieces of film music of 10 s length with high arousal ratings and either less positive or very positive valence ratings. Two similar sets of 30 pieces were created. Each of these was presented to half of the participants during the encoding session outside of the scanner, while all stimuli were used during the second recognition session inside the MRI-scanner. During fMRI each stimulation period (10 s) was followed by a 20 s resting period during which participants pressed either the “old” or the “new” button to indicate whether they had heard the piece before. Results: Musical stimuli vs. silence activated the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right insula, right middle frontal gyrus, bilateral medial frontal gyrus and the left anterior cerebellum. Old pieces led to activation in the left medial dorsal thalamus and left midbrain compared to new pieces. For recognized vs. not recognized old pieces a focused activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus and the left cerebellum was found. Positive pieces activated the left medial frontal gyrus, the left precuneus, the right superior frontal gyrus, the left posterior cingulate, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, and the left thalamus compared to less positive pieces. Conclusion: Specific brain networks related to memory retrieval and emotional processing of symphonic film music were identified. The results imply that the valence of a music piece is important for memory performance and is recognized very fast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians's Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Siggel
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians's Medicine, University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Bahram Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany ; CNS Laboratory, International Neuroscience Institute Hannover, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- CNS Laboratory, International Neuroscience Institute Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bose A, Agarwal SM, Kalmady SV, Venkatasubramanian G. Cognitive mapping deficits in schizophrenia: a critical overview. Indian J Psychol Med 2014; 36:9-26. [PMID: 24701005 PMCID: PMC3959030 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.127242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal deficits are an established feature of schizophrenia and are complementary with recent evidences of marked allocentric processing deficits being reported in this disorder. By "Cognitive mapping" we intend to refer to the concepts from the seminal works of O'Keefe and Nadel (1978) that led to the development of cognitive map theory of hippocampal function. In this review, we summarize emerging evidences and issues that indicate that "Cognitive mapping deficits" form one of the important cognitive aberrations in schizophrenia. The importance has been placed upon hippocampally mediated allocentric processing deficits and their role in pathology of schizophrenia, for spatial/representational cognitive deficits and positive symptoms in particular. It is modestly summarized that emerging evidences point toward a web of spatial and cognitive representation errors concurrent with pronounced hippocampal dysfunction. In general, it can be stated that there are clear and consistent evidences that favor the cognitive mapping theory in explaining certain deficits of schizophrenia and for drawing out a possible and promising endophenotype/biomarkers. Further research in this regard demands attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Bose
- Department of Psychiatry, The Schizophrenia Clinic, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, The Schizophrenia Clinic, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil V. Kalmady
- Department of Psychiatry, The Schizophrenia Clinic, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Schizophrenia Clinic, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Allali G, van der Meulen M, Beauchet O, Rieger SW, Vuilleumier P, Assal F. The Neural Basis of Age-Related Changes in Motor Imagery of Gait: An fMRI Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 69:1389-98. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Spatial representations and walking speed in rodents are consistently related to the phase, frequency, and/or amplitude of θ rhythms in hippocampal local field potentials. However, neuropsychological studies in humans have emphasized the importance of parietal cortex for spatial navigation, and efforts to identify the electrophysiological signs of spatial navigation in humans have been stymied by the difficulty of recording during free exploration of complex environments. We resolved the recording problem and experimentally probed brain activity of human participants who were fully ambulant. On each of 2 d, electroencephalography was synchronized with head and body movement in 13 subjects freely navigating an extended virtual environment containing numerous unique objects. θ phase and amplitude recorded over parietal cortex were consistent when subjects walked through a particular spatial separation at widely separated times. This spatial displacement θ autocorrelation (STAcc) was quantified and found to be significant from 2 to 8 Hz within the environment. Similar autocorrelation analyses performed on an electrooculographic channel, used to measure eye movements, showed no significant spatial autocorrelations, ruling out eye movements as the source of STAcc. Strikingly, the strength of an individual's STAcc maps from day 1 significantly predicted object location recall success on day 2. θ was also significantly correlated with walking speed; however, this correlation appeared unrelated to STAcc and did not predict memory performance. This is the first demonstration of memory-related, spatial maps in humans generated during active spatial exploration.
Collapse
|
39
|
Denkova E, Dolcos S, Dolcos F. The Effect of Retrieval Focus and Emotional Valence on the Medial Temporal Lobe Activity during Autobiographical Recollection. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:109. [PMID: 24009565 PMCID: PMC3755273 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory-based episodic memory studies, using micro-events (pictures/words), point to a role of the amygdala (AMY), an emotion-based region, in the encoding and retrieval of emotionally valenced memories. However, autobiographical memory (AM) studies, using real-life personal events, do not conclusively support AMY’s involvement in AM recollection. This could be due to differences in instructions across the AM studies – i.e., whether emotional aspects were explicitly emphasized or not. The present study investigated the effect of retrieval focus on activity in emotion (AMY) and memory (hippocampus – HC) based regions of the medial temporal lobe in 17 subjects, who remembered emotional AMs while event-related fMRI data were recorded. The retrieval focus was manipulated by instructions to focus either on emotional (Emotion condition) or on other contextual (Context condition) details of the recollected AMs. The effect of retrieval focus according to the valence of AMs was also investigated by involving an equal proportion of positive and negative AMs. There were four main findings, showing both similarities and differences in retrieving positive and negative AMs. Regarding similarities, (1) focusing on Emotion was associated with increased scores of subjective re-experience of emotion and increased activity in the left AMY, for both positive and negative AMs, compared to focusing on Context; (2) the subjective emotional ratings were also positively correlated with bilateral AMY activity for both positive and negative AMs. Regarding differences, (3) focusing on Emotion was associated with increased activity for positive but not for negative AMs in the right AMY, and with (4) opposing patterns of activity linked to the valence of AMs in the left HC – i.e., increased activity for positive and decreased activity for negative AMs. These findings shed light on the role of AMY and HC in emotional AM recollection, linked to the retrieval focus and the valence of memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Denkova
- Alberta Cognitive Neuroscience Group, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fein G, Fein D. Subcortical volumes are reduced in short-term and long-term abstinent alcoholics but not those with a comorbid stimulant disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2013; 3:47-53. [PMID: 24179848 PMCID: PMC3791275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse affects brain structure and function. We examined subcortical structure volumes in 77 short (6–15 week) and 90 long (multi-year) term abstinent alcoholics, along with 74 controls. We used a 3T Siemens MPRAGE sequence for image acquisition and FSL FIRST software for measuring subcortical volumes. When examining alcoholics without a comorbid stimulant disorder we found reduced hippocampal, pallidum and thalamus volumes in short term abstinence compared to a non-substance abusing control sample with numerically smaller yet still significant reductions compared to controls in long term abstinence. When examining alcoholics with a comorbid stimulant disorder, no difference from controls was found for any subcortical volume. Alcoholics with a stimulant disorder had significantly larger subcortical volumes than alcoholics without a stimulant disorder. This study replicates past research showing that chronic alcohol abuse is associated with lower subcortical volumes in short-term abstinent chronic alcoholics and extends this finding, although with smaller effects to long-term abstinent samples. The absence of this effect in the presence of a comorbid stimulant disorder suggests either a protective effect of stimulant abuse/dependence or that the measurements reflect the aggregate of alcohol dependence associated atrophy and stimulant abuse associated inflammation. Associations with function suggest the second of these two alternatives. Subcortical atrophy Chronic alcohol dependence Comorbid stimulant disorder
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Fein
- Neurobehavioral Research, Inc., 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Ste. 1030, Honolulu, HI 96814, USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki C 400, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nemmi F, Boccia M, Piccardi L, Galati G, Guariglia C. Segregation of neural circuits involved in spatial learning in reaching and navigational space. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:1561-70. [PMID: 23615031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nemmi
- Neuropsychology Center, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vestibular loss as a contributor to Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:360-7. [PMID: 23375669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex disorder whose etiology is still controversial. It is proposed that vestibular loss may contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease, which initially involves degeneration of cholinergic systems in the posterior parietal-temporal, medial-temporal, and posterior-cingulate regions. A major projection to this system emanates from the semicircular canals of the vestibular labyrinth, with vestibular damage leading to severe degeneration of the medial-temporal region. The vestibular loss hypothesis is further supported by the vestibular symptoms found in Alzheimer's patients as well as in various diseases that are major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Virtual/Real Transfer in a Large-Scale Environment: Impact of Active Navigation as a Function of the Viewpoint Displacement Effect and Recall Tasks. ADVANCES IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/879563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of navigation mode (passive versus active) on the virtual/real transfer of spatial learning, according to viewpoint displacement (ground: 1 m 75 versus aerial: 4 m) and as a function of the recall tasks used. We hypothesize that active navigation during learning can enhance performances when route strategy is favored by egocentric match between learning (ground-level viewpoint) and recall (egocentric frame-based tasks). Sixty-four subjects (32 men and 32 women) participated in the experiment. Spatial learning consisted of route learning in a virtual district (four conditions: passive/ground, passive/aerial, active/ground, or active/aerial), evaluated by three tasks:wayfinding,sketch-mapping,andpicture-sorting. In thewayfinding task, subjects who were assigned the ground-level viewpoint in the virtual environment (VE) performed better than those with the aerial-level viewpoint, especially in combination with active navigation. In thesketch-mapping task, aerial-level learning in the VE resulted in better performance than the ground-level condition, while active navigation was only beneficial in the ground-level condition. The best performance in thepicture-sorting taskwas obtained with the ground-level viewpoint, especially with active navigation. This study confirmed the expected results that the benefit of active navigation was linked with egocentric frame-based situations.
Collapse
|
44
|
Selective role of lingual/parahippocampal gyrus and retrosplenial complex in spatial memory across viewpoint changes relative to the environmental reference frame. Behav Brain Res 2012; 242:62-75. [PMID: 23274842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Remembering object locations across different views is a fundamental competence for keeping oriented in large-scale space. Here we investigated such ability by comparing encoding and retrieval of locations across viewpoint changes relative to different spatial frames of reference. We acquired functional magnetic resonance images while subjects detected target displacements across consecutive views of a familiar virtual room, reporting changes in the target absolute position in the room (stable environmental frame), changes in its position relative to a set of movable objects (unstable object-based frame), and changes relative to their point of view (control viewer-centered frame). Behavioral costs were higher for the stable environmental frame, and a cortical network including the lingual/parahippocampal gyrus (LPHG) and the retrosplenial complex (RSC) selectively encoded spatial locations relative to this frame. Several regions, including the dorsal fronto-parietal cortex and the LPHG, were modulated by the amount of experienced viewpoint change, but only the RSC was selectively modulated by the amount of viewpoint change relative to the environmental frame, thus showing a special role in coding one's own position and heading in familiar environments.
Collapse
|
45
|
Motor transfer from map ocular exploration to locomotion during spatial navigation from memory. Exp Brain Res 2012; 224:605-11. [PMID: 23223779 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spatial navigation from memory can rely on two different strategies: a mental simulation of a kinesthetic spatial navigation (egocentric route strategy) or visual-spatial memory using a mental map (allocentric survey strategy). We hypothesized that a previously performed "oculomotor navigation" on a map could be used by the brain to perform a locomotor memory task. Participants were instructed to (1) learn a path on a map through a sequence of vertical and horizontal eyes movements and (2) walk on the slabs of a "magic carpet" to recall this path. The main results showed that the anisotropy of ocular movements (horizontal ones being more efficient than vertical ones) influenced performances of participants when they change direction on the central slab of the magic carpet. These data suggest that, to find their way through locomotor space, subjects mentally repeated their past ocular exploration of the map, and this visuo-motor memory was used as a template for the locomotor performance.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bell BD. Route learning impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 25:256-62. [PMID: 23041173 PMCID: PMC3481014 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment on neuropsychological tests is relatively common in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. However, memory has been rarely evaluated in more naturalistic settings. This study assessed TLE (n=19) and control (n=32) groups on a real-world route learning (RL) test. Compared to the controls, the TLE group committed significantly more total errors across the three RL test trials. Route learning errors correlated significantly with standardized auditory and visual memory and visual-perceptual test scores in the TLE group. In the TLE subset for whom hippocampal data were available (n=14), RL errors also correlated significantly with left hippocampal volume. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate real-world memory impairment in TLE patients and its association with both mesial temporal lobe integrity and standardized memory test performance. The results support the ecological validity of clinical neuropsychological assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Bell
- Department of Neurology/Neuropsychology section, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI,Mental Health Service, W.S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dong G, DeVito E, Huang J, Du X. Diffusion tensor imaging reveals thalamus and posterior cingulate cortex abnormalities in internet gaming addicts. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1212-6. [PMID: 22727905 PMCID: PMC3650484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is increasingly recognized as a widespread disorder with serious psychological and health consequences. Diminished white matter integrity has been demonstrated in a wide range of other addictive disorders which share clinical characteristics with IGA. Abnormal white matter integrity in addictive populations has been associated with addiction severity, treatment response and cognitive impairments. This study assessed white matter integrity in individuals with internet gaming addiction (IGA) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). IGA subjects (N = 16) showed higher fractional anisotropy (FA), indicating greater white matter integrity, in the thalamus and left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) relative to healthy controls (N = 15). Higher FA in the thalamus was associated with greater severity of internet addiction. Increased regional FA in individuals with internet gaming addiction may be a pre-existing vulnerability factor for IGA, or may arise secondary to IGA, perhaps as a direct result of excessive internet game playing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 of Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Elise DeVito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai. P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chabeauti PY, Assaiante C, Vaugoyeau M. Extreme short-term environmental constraints do not update internal models of action as assessed from motor imagery in adults. Neuroscience 2012; 222:69-74. [PMID: 22796070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
According to the simulation theory, the internal simulation of a movement (imagined movement, IM) and its execution (actual movement, AM) are based on the same motor representations. The brain uses these representations for controlling action. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the updating process of internal models of action in adults, through massive environmental changes involved by microgravity (0G). 0G has multiple effects on motor control, including short-term adaptations with respect to the planification and performance of actions. However, the effects of 0G on internal representations of action are still largely unknown. To address this issue, thirteen subjects performed first sit-to-stand (STS) and back-to-sit (BTS) tasks, and subsequently had to imagine movement performance in these tasks. The tasks were performed under normogravity (1G) and 0G conditions. Based on durations of actual and IMs, two main results emerged from this study. In 1G, actual and IM's durations were similar. However, in 0G, AM durations were significantly longer than IM durations. Furthermore, IM durations in 0G were similar to the 1G value. These results show that although the planification and execution of action were immediately adapted to the 0G condition, the storage of afferent information was inadequate to recalibrate the predictive model. These results suggest that sudden change in gravity was not considered for updating internal models of action, and that forward model probably required more practice in order to integrate the modification of the sensorial feedback generated by the new environmental constraints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Chabeauti
- LNC, Equipe Chronométrie et Dynamique Cérébrale, Pôle 3C UMR 7291, Université de Provence et CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alpini DC, Botta M, Mattei V, Tornese D. Vestibular adaptation in ice skaters depends on discipline rather than age: some considerations about navigational control. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-012-0121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
50
|
Berryhill ME. Insights from neuropsychology: pinpointing the role of the posterior parietal cortex in episodic and working memory. Front Integr Neurosci 2012; 6:31. [PMID: 22701406 PMCID: PMC3371666 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in various forms of memory is a current topic of interest in the broader field of cognitive neuroscience. This large cortical region has been linked with a wide range of mnemonic functions affecting each stage of memory processing: encoding, maintenance, and retrieval. Yet, the precise role of the PPC in memory remains mysterious and controversial. Progress in understanding PPC function will require researchers to incorporate findings in a convergent manner from multiple experimental techniques rather than emphasizing a particular type of data. To facilitate this process, here, we review findings from the human neuropsychological research and examine the consequences to memory following PPC damage. Recent patient-based research findings have investigated two typically disconnected fields: working memory (WM) and episodic memory. The findings from patient participants with unilateral and bilateral PPC lesions performing diverse experimental paradigms are summarized. These findings are then related to findings from other techniques including neurostimulation (TMS and tDCS) and the influential and more abundant functional neuroimaging literature. We then review the strengths and weaknesses of hypotheses proposed to account for PPC function in these forms of memory. Finally, we address what missing evidence is needed to clarify the role(s) of the PPC in memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Berryhill
- Department of Psychology, Program in Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|