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De Pao Mendonca K, Rocher C, Dufour A, Schenkelaars Q, Heimbürger-Boavida LE, le Bivic A, Borchiellini C, Issartel J, Renard E. Methylmercury exposure of the sponge O. lobularis induces strong tissue and cell defects. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:141839. [PMID: 38636911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean marine biota suffers from various anthropogenic threats. Among them, pollutants such as mercury (Hg) represent important environmental issues that are exacerbated by bioaccumulation and bioamplification along food webs via its organic form, monomethylmercury (MMHg). To date, very little is known regarding the impact of mercury on Porifera and the few available studies have been exclusively focused on Demospongiae. This work studies the effect of MMHgCl at different biological levels of Oscarella lobularis (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha). Bioaccumulation assays show that MMHgCl significantly accumulated in sponge tissues after a 96-h exposure to 0.1 μg L-1. Toxicity assays (LC5096h) show a sensibility that depends on life-stage (adult vs bud). Additionally, we show that the exposure to 1 μg L-1 MMHgCl negatively impacts the epithelial integrity and the regeneration process in buds, as shown by the loss of cell-cell contacts and the alteration of osculum morphogenesis. For the first time in a sponge, a whole set of genes classically involved in metal detoxification and in antioxidant response were identified. Significant changes in catalase, superoxide dismutase and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 expressions in exposed juveniles were measured. Such an integrative approach from the physiological to the molecular scales on a non-model organism expands our knowledge concerning sensitivity and toxicity mechanisms induced by MMHg in Porifera, raising new questions regarding the possible defences used by marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra De Pao Mendonca
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Rocher
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Dufour
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
| | | | - Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
| | - André le Bivic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Issartel
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, FR 3098 ECCOREV, F-13545, Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Renard
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, UMR7288, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, FR 3098 ECCOREV, F-13545, Aix-en-Provence, France.
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2
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Pacheco LI, Teso V, Pastorino G. Taxonomy and Biogeography of Bivalves of the Genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840, from the Southern Southwestern Atlantic Deep Sea. MALACOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.4002/040.065.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Ivan Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Ave. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Teso
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Ave. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Pastorino
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Ave. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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HODDA M. Phylum Nematoda: trends in species descriptions, the documentation of diversity, systematics, and the species concept. Zootaxa 2022; 5114:290-317. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the trends in nematode species description and systematics emerging from a comparison of the latest comprehensive classification and census of Phylum Nematoda (Hodda 2022a, b) with earlier classifications (listed in Hodda 2007). It also offers some general observations on trends in nematode systematics emerging from the review of the voluminous literature used to produce the classification. The trends in nematodes can be compared with developments in the systematics of other organisms to shed light on many of the general issues confronting systematists now and into the future.
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Local Environmental Conditions Promote High Turnover Diversity of Benthic Deep-Sea Fungi in the Ross Sea (Antarctica). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010065. [PMID: 35050005 PMCID: PMC8781733 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a ubiquitous component of marine systems, but their quantitative relevance, biodiversity and ecological role in benthic deep-sea ecosystems remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated fungal abundance, diversity and assemblage composition in two benthic deep-sea sites of the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean, Antarctica), characterized by different environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, salinity, trophic availability). Our results indicate that fungal abundance (estimated as the number of 18S rDNA copies g−1) varied by almost one order of magnitude between the two benthic sites, consistently with changes in sediment characteristics and trophic availability. The highest fungal richness (in terms of Amplicon Sequence Variants−ASVs) was encountered in the sediments characterized by the highest organic matter content, indicating potential control of trophic availability on fungal diversity. The composition of fungal assemblages was highly diverse between sites and within each site (similarity less than 10%), suggesting that differences in environmental and ecological characteristics occurring even at a small spatial scale can promote high turnover diversity. Overall, this study provides new insights on the factors influencing the abundance and diversity of benthic deep-sea fungi inhabiting the Ross Sea, and also paves the way for a better understanding of the potential responses of benthic deep-sea fungi inhabiting Antarctic ecosystems in light of current and future climate changes.
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Jażdżewska AM, Tandberg AHS, Horton T, Brix S. Global gap-analysis of amphipod barcode library. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12352. [PMID: 34760373 PMCID: PMC8572522 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the age of global climate change and biodiversity loss there is an urgent need to provide effective and robust tools for diversity monitoring. One of the promising techniques for species identification is the use of DNA barcoding, that in Metazoa utilizes the so called 'gold-standard' gene of cytochrome c oxidase (COI). However, the success of this method relies on the existence of trustworthy barcode libraries of the species. The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) aims to provide barcodes for all existing organisms, and is complemented by the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system serving as a tool for potential species recognition. Here we provide an analysis of all public COI sequences available in BOLD of the diverse and ubiquitous crustacean order Amphipoda, to identify the barcode library gaps and provide recommendations for future barcoding studies. Our gap analysis of 25,702 records has shown that although 3,835 BINs (indicating putative species) were recognised by BOLD, only 10% of known amphipod species are represented by barcodes. We have identified almost equal contribution of both records (sequences) and BINs associated with freshwater and with marine realms. Three quarters of records have a complete species-level identification provided, while BINs have just 50%. Large disproportions between identification levels of BINs coming from freshwaters and the marine environment were observed, with three quarters of the former possessing a species name, and less than 40% for the latter. Moreover, the majority of BINs are represented by a very low number of sequences rendering them unreliable according to the quality control system. The geographical coverage is poor with vast areas of Africa, South America and the open ocean acting as "white gaps". Several, of the most species rich and highly abundant families of Amphipoda (e.g., Phoxocephalidae, Ampeliscidae, Caprellidae), have very poor representation in the BOLD barcode library. As a result of our study we recommend stronger effort in identification of already recognised BINs, prioritising the studies of families that are known to be important and abundant components of particular communities, and targeted sampling programs for taxa coming from geographical regions with the least knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Jażdżewska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tammy Horton
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Brix
- Department for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Jansen J, Dunstan PK, Hill NA, Koubbi P, Melbourne-Thomas J, Causse R, Johnson CR. Integrated assessment of the spatial distribution and structural dynamics of deep benthic marine communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02065. [PMID: 31872512 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the spatial distribution and variation of species communities and validating these characteristics with data from the field are key elements for an ecosystem-based approach to management. However, models of species distributions that yield community structure are usually not linked to models of community dynamics, constraining understanding and management of the ecosystem, particularly in data-poor regions. Here we use a qualitative network model to predict changes in Antarctic benthic community structure between major marine habitats characterized largely by seafloor depth and slope, and use multivariate mixture models of species distributions to validate the community dynamics. We then assess how future increases in primary production associated with anticipated loss of sea-ice may affect the ecosystem. Our study shows how both spatial and structural features of ecosystems in data-poor regions can be analyzed and possible futures assessed, with direct relevance for ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jansen
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | | | - Nicole A Hill
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - Philippe Koubbi
- UFR 918 Terre Environnement Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Romain Causse
- Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, CNRS, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Craig R Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
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Halanych KM, Mahon AR. Challenging Dogma Concerning Biogeographic Patterns of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica is enormous, cold, remote, and particularly sensitive to climate change. Most biological research below 60°S has focused on the isolated nature of the biota and how organisms have adapted to the cold and ice. However, biogeographic patterns in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, and the processes explaining how those patterns came about, still await adequate explanation. Both terrestrial and marine organisms have been influenced by climatic change (e.g., glaciation), physical phenomena (e.g., oceanic currents), and/or potential barriers to gene flow (e.g., steep thermal gradients). Whereas the Antarctic region contains diverse and complex marine communities, terrestrial systems tend to be comparatively simple with limited diversity. Here, we challenge the current dogma used to explain the diversity and biogeographic patterns present in the Antarctic. We assert that relatively modern processes within the last few million years, rather than geo-logical events that occurred in the Eocene and Miocene, account for present patterns of biodiversity in the region. Additionally, reproductive life history stages appear to have little influence in structuring genetic patterns in the Antarctic, as currents and glacial patterns are noted to be more important drivers of organismal patterns of distribution. Finally, we highlight the need for additional sampling, high-throughput genomic approaches, and broad, multinational cooperation for addressing outstanding questions of Antarctic biogeography and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Halanych
- Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Andrew R. Mahon
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
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8
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Jansen J, Hill NA, Dunstan PK, Eléaume MP, Johnson CR. Taxonomic Resolution, Functional Traits, and the Influence of Species Groupings on Mapping Antarctic Seafloor Biodiversity. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Hydrological features above a Southern Ocean seamount inhibit larval dispersal and promote speciation: evidence from the bathyal mytilid Dacrydium alleni sp. nov. (Mytilidae: Bivalvia). Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ortiz M, Winfield I, Ardisson PL. A new deep-seaPsammogammarusspecies (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from the continental slope of the SE Gulf of Mexico. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1401139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Crustáceos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Ignacio Winfield
- Laboratorio de Crustáceos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Pedro-Luis Ardisson
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Cinvestav. Carretera antigua a Progreso, Mérida, México
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11
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Figuerola B, Barnes DKA, Brickle P, Brewin PE. Bryozoan diversity around the Falkland and South Georgia Islands: Overcoming Antarctic barriers. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 126:81-94. [PMID: 28258012 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of remote archipelagos distributed between 45 and 60 °S. The biota of these islands provide useful information to describe and understand patterns in biodiversity and biogeography as well as potential impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. They are in key locations either side of the Polar Front but also have limited influence from human activities. Here we investigate one taxon, bryozoans, on South Atlantic shelf habitats of the Falkland (FI) and the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia (SG). We present new data on spatial distribution in these islands, as well as an analysis of the bryozoological similarities between these and neighbouring regions. A total of 85 species of cheilostome bryozoans (351 samples) were found, belonging to 33 genera, including 18 potentially new genera and 23 new species. Remarkably 65% and 41% of species were reported for the first time at FI and SG, respectively. The highest and the lowest value of species richness and species/genus ratio were found at East (EFI) and West Falkland (WFI), respectively, likely showing a tendency for stronger intrageneric competition. New data from this study were jointly analysed with data from the literature and existing databases, revealing new bathymetric ranges in 32 species. The biogeographic affinities of the bryozoans found give further evidence of the hypothesis of sequential separation of Gondwana and support the changing concept that although the Polar Front acts as a circumpolar biogeographic barrier it is not as impermeable as originally thought. Potential dispersal mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - David K A Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), Box 609, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands; Shallow Marine Surveys Group (SMSG), 2 Philomel Pl, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands; School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Paul E Brewin
- Shallow Marine Surveys Group (SMSG), 2 Philomel Pl, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands; Directorate of Natural Resources - Fisheries, Falklands Islands Government, PO Box 598, Stanley, South Atlantic, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands; Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands, Government House, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, South Atlantic, Falkland Islands
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12
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Assemblages and habitat preferences of soft bottom Antarctic Amphipoda: Admiralty Bay case study. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Güller M, Zelaya DG. New insigths into the diversity of rissoids from sub-antarctic and antarctic waters (Gastropoda: Rissooidea). Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Brasier MJ, Wiklund H, Neal L, Jeffreys R, Linse K, Ruhl H, Glover AG. DNA barcoding uncovers cryptic diversity in 50% of deep-sea Antarctic polychaetes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160432. [PMID: 28018624 PMCID: PMC5180122 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic marine environment is a diverse ecosystem currently experiencing some of the fastest rates of climatic change. The documentation and management of these changes requires accurate estimates of species diversity. Recently, there has been an increased recognition of the abundance and importance of cryptic species, i.e. those that are morphologically identical but genetically distinct. This article presents the largest genetic investigation into the prevalence of cryptic polychaete species within the deep Antarctic benthos to date. We uncover cryptic diversity in 50% of the 15 morphospecies targeted through the comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences, as well as 10 previously overlooked morphospecies, increasing the total species richness in the sample by 233%. Our ability to describe universal rules for the detection of cryptic species within polychaetes, or normalization to expected number of species based on genetic data is prevented by taxon-specific differences in phylogenetic outputs and genetic variation between and within potential cryptic species. These data provide the foundation for biogeographic and functional analysis that will provide insight into the drivers of species diversity and its role in ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Brasier
- School of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Lenka Neal
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Rachel Jeffreys
- School of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katrin Linse
- BioSciences, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Henry Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Adrian G. Glover
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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15
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Hardy SM, Smith CR, Thurnherr AM. Can the source-sink hypothesis explain macrofaunal abundance patterns in the abyss? A modelling test. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150193. [PMID: 25948686 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low food availability is a major structuring force in deep-sea benthic communities, sustaining only very low densities of organisms in parts of the abyss. These low population densities may result in an Allee effect, whereby local reproductive success is inhibited, and populations are maintained by larval dispersal from bathyal slopes. This slope-abyss source-sink (SASS) hypothesis suggests that the abyssal seafloor constitutes a vast sink habitat with macrofaunal populations sustained only by an influx of larval 'refugees' from source areas on continental slopes, where higher productivity sustains greater population densities. Abyssal macrofaunal population densities would thus be directly related to larval inputs from bathyal source populations. We evaluate three predictions derived from the SASS hypothesis: (i) slope-derived larvae can be passively transported to central abyssal regions within a single larval period, (ii) projected larval export from slopes to the abyss reproduces global patterns of macrofaunal abundance and (iii) macrofaunal abundance decreases with distance from the continental slope. We find that abyssal macrofaunal populations are unlikely to be sustained solely through influx of larvae from slope sources. Rather, local reproduction probably sustains macrofaunal populations in relatively high-productivity abyssal areas, which must also be considered as potential larval source areas for more food-poor abyssal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hardy
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, PO Box 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Craig R Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andreas M Thurnherr
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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17
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Georgieva MN, Wiklund H, Bell JB, Eilertsen MH, Mills RA, Little CTS, Glover AG. A chemosynthetic weed: the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum is a bipolar, cosmopolitan species. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:280. [PMID: 26667806 PMCID: PMC4678467 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerolinum (Annelida: Siboglinidae) is a genus of small, wiry deep-sea tubeworms that depend on an endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria for their nutrition, notable for their ability to colonise a multitude of reducing environments. Since the early 2000s, a Sclerolinum population has been known to inhabit sediment-hosted hydrothermal vents within the Bransfield Strait, Southern Ocean, and whilst remaining undescribed, it has been suggested to play an important ecological role in this ecosystem. Here, we show that the Southern Ocean Sclerolinum population is not a new species, but more remarkably in fact belongs to the species S. contortum, first described from an Arctic mud volcano located nearly 16,000 km away. RESULTS Our new data coupled with existing genetic studies extend the range of this species across both polar oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. Our analyses show that the populations of this species are structured on a regional scale, with greater genetic differentiation occurring between rather than within populations. Further details of the external morphology and tube structure of S. contortum are revealed through confocal and SEM imaging, and the ecology of this worm is discussed. CONCLUSIONS These results shed further insight into the plasticity and adaptability of this siboglinid group to a range of reducing conditions, and into the levels of gene flow that occur between populations of the same species over a global extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena N Georgieva
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
| | - James B Bell
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Mari H Eilertsen
- Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rachel A Mills
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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18
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Hauquier F, Durán Suja L, Gutt J, Veit-Köhler G, Vanreusel A. Different Oceanographic Regimes in the Vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula Reflected in Benthic Nematode Communities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137527. [PMID: 26355457 PMCID: PMC4565677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine free-living nematode communities were studied at similar depths (~500 m) at two sides of the Antarctic Peninsula, characterised by different environmental and oceanographic conditions. At the Weddell Sea side, benthic communities are influenced by cold deep-water formation and seasonal sea-ice conditions, whereas the Drake Passage side experiences milder oceanic conditions and strong dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. This resulted in different surface primary productivity, which contrasted with observed benthic pigment patterns and varied according to the area studied: chlorophyll a concentrations (as a proxy for primary production) were high in the Weddell Sea sediments, but low in the surface waters above; this pattern was reversed in the Drake Passage. Differences between areas were largely mirrored by the nematode communities: nematode densities peaked in Weddell stations and showed deeper vertical occurrence in the sediment, associated with deeper penetration of chlorophyll a and indicative of a strong bentho-pelagic coupling. Generic composition showed some similarities across both areas, though differences in the relative contribution of certain genera were noted, together with distinct community shifts with depth in the sediment at all locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freija Hauquier
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Julian Gutt
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gritta Veit-Köhler
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vargas S, Kelly M, Schnabel K, Mills S, Bowden D, Wörheide G. Diversity in a Cold Hot-Spot: DNA-Barcoding Reveals Patterns of Evolution among Antarctic Demosponges (Class Demospongiae, Phylum Porifera). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127573. [PMID: 26091103 PMCID: PMC4474727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The approximately 350 demosponge species that have been described from Antarctica represent a faunistic component distinct from that of neighboring regions. Sponges provide structure to the Antarctic benthos and refuge to other invertebrates, and can be dominant in some communities. Despite the importance of sponges in the Antarctic subtidal environment, sponge DNA barcodes are scarce but can provide insight into the evolutionary relationships of this unique biogeographic province. Methodology/Principal Findings We sequenced the standard barcoding COI region for a comprehensive selection of sponges collected during expeditions to the Ross Sea region in 2004 and 2008, and produced DNA-barcodes for 53 demosponge species covering about 60% of the species collected. The Antarctic sponge communities are phylogenetically diverse, matching the diversity of well-sampled sponge communities in the Lusitanic and Mediterranean marine provinces in the Temperate Northern Atlantic for which molecular data are readily available. Additionally, DNA-barcoding revealed levels of in situ molecular evolution comparable to those present among Caribbean sponges. DNA-barcoding using the Segregating Sites Algorithm correctly assigned approximately 54% of the barcoded species to the morphologically determined species. Conclusion/Significance A barcode library for Antarctic sponges was assembled and used to advance the systematic and evolutionary research of Antarctic sponges. We provide insights on the evolutionary forces shaping Antarctica's diverse sponge communities, and a barcode library against which future sequence data from other regions or depth strata of Antarctica can be compared. The opportunity for rapid taxonomic identification of sponge collections for ecological research is now at the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
| | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland, 1149, New Zealand
| | - Kareen Schnabel
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sadie Mills
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Bowden
- National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
- Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, D-80333, München, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Janssen A, Kaiser S, Meißner K, Brenke N, Menot L, Martínez Arbizu P. A reverse taxonomic approach to assess macrofaunal distribution patterns in abyssal Pacific polymetallic nodule fields. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117790. [PMID: 25671322 PMCID: PMC4324633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened interest in the exploitation of deep seafloor minerals is raising questions on the consequences for the resident fauna. Assessing species ranges and determination of processes underlying current species distributions are prerequisites to conservation planning and predicting faunal responses to changing environmental conditions. The abyssal central Pacific nodule belt, located between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ), is an area prospected for mining of polymetallic nodules. We examined variations in genetic diversity and broad-scale connectivity of isopods and polychaetes across the CCZ. Faunal assemblages were studied from two mining claims (the eastern German and French license areas) located 1300 km apart and influenced by different productivity regimes. Using a reverse taxonomy approach based on DNA barcoding, we tested to what extent distance and large-scale changes in environmental parameters lead to differentiation in two macrofaunal taxa exhibiting different functions and life-history patterns. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) was analyzed. At a 97% threshold the molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) corresponded well to morphological species. Molecular analyses indicated high local and regional diversity mostly because of large numbers of singletons in the samples. Consequently, variation in composition of genotypic clusters between sites was exceedingly large partly due to paucity of deep-sea sampling and faunal patchiness. A higher proportion of wide-ranging species in polychaetes was contrasted with mostly restricted distributions in isopods. Remarkably, several cryptic lineages appeared to be sympatric and occurred in taxa with putatively good dispersal abilities, whereas some brooding lineages revealed broad distributions across the CCZ. Geographic distance could explain variation in faunal connectivity between regions and sites to some extent, while assumed dispersal capabilities were not as important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Janssen
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Karin Meißner
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Biozentrum Grindel, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Brenke
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Lenaick Menot
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l´Exploitation de la Mer, Centre de Brest BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Pedro Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Moles J, Figuerola B, Campanyà-Llovet N, Monleón-Getino T, Taboada S, Avila C. Distribution patterns in Antarctic and Subantarctic echinoderms. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Taylor ML, Rogers AD. Evolutionary dynamics of a common sub-Antarctic octocoral family. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 84:185-204. [PMID: 25481103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sequence data were obtained for five different loci, both mitochondrial (cox1, mtMutS, 16S) and nuclear (18S, 28S rDNA), from 64 species representing 25 genera of the common deep-sea octocoral family Primnoidae. We tested the hypothesis that Primnoidae have an Antarctic origin, as this is where they currently have high species richness, using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods of phylogenetic analysis. Using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny we also investigated the time of species radiation in sub-Antarctic Primnoidae. Our relatively wide taxon sampling and phylogenetic analysis supported Primnoidae as a monophyletic family. The base of the well-supported phylogeny was Pacific in origin, indicating Primnoidae sub-Antarctic diversity is a secondary species radiation. There is also evidence for a subsequent range extension of sub-Antarctic lineages into deep-water areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Conservative and speculative fossil-calibration analyses resulted in two differing estimations of sub-Antarctic species divergence times. Conservative analysis suggested a sub-Antarctic species radiation occurred ∼52MYA (95% HPD: 36-73MYA), potentially before the opening of the Drake Passage and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) formation (41-37MYA). Speculative analysis pushed this radiation back into the late Jurassic, 157MYA (95% HPD: 118-204MYA). Genus-level groupings were broadly supported in this analysis with some notable polyphyletic exceptions: Callogorgia, Fanellia, Primnoella, Plumarella, Thouarella. Molecular and morphological evidence supports the placement of Tauroprimnoa austasensis within Dasystenella and Fannyella kuekenthali within Metafannyella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
| | - Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Basher Z, Bowden DA, Costello MJ. Diversity and distribution of deep-sea shrimps in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103195. [PMID: 25051333 PMCID: PMC4106907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although decapod crustaceans are widespread in the oceans, only Natantia (shrimps) are common in the Antarctic. Because remoteness, depth and ice cover restrict sampling in the South Ocean, species distribution modelling is a useful tool for evaluating distributions. We used physical specimen and towed camera data to describe the diversity and distribution of shrimps in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Eight shrimp species were recorded: Chorismus antarcticus; Notocrangon antarcticus; Nematocarcinus lanceopes; Dendrobranchiata; Pasiphaea scotiae; Pasiphaea cf. ledoyeri; Petalidium sp., and a new species of Lebbeus. For the two most common species, N. antarcticus and N. lanceopes, we used maximum entropy modelling, based on records of 60 specimens and over 1130 observations across 23 sites in depths from 269 m to 3433 m, to predict distributions in relation to environmental variables. Two independent sets of environmental data layers at 0.05° and 0.5° resolution respectively, showed how spatial resolution affected the model. Chorismus antarcticus and N. antarcticus were found only on the continental shelf and upper slopes, while N. lanceopes, Lebbeus n. sp., Dendrobranchiata, Petalidium sp., Pasiphaea cf. ledoyeri, and Pasiphaea scotiae were found on the slopes, seamounts and abyssal plain. The environmental variables that contributed most to models for N. antarcticus were depth, chlorophyll-a concentration, temperature, and salinity, and for N. lanceopes were depth, ice concentration, seabed slope/rugosity, and temperature. The relative ranking, but not the composition of these variables changed in models using different spatial resolutions, and the predicted extent of suitable habitat was smaller in models using the finer-scale environmental layers. Our modelling indicated that shrimps were widespread throughout the Ross Sea region and were thus likely to play important functional role in the ecosystem, and that the spatial resolution of data needs to be considered both in the use of species distribution models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenatul Basher
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Bowden
- Coasts and Oceans Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark J. Costello
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Martín-Ledo R, López-González PJ. Brittle stars from Southern Ocean (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Woolley SNC, McCallum AW, Wilson R, O'Hara TD, Dunstan PK. Fathom out: biogeographical subdivision across the Western Australian continental margin - a multispecies modelling approach. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin Wilson
- Museum Victoria; GPO Box 666 Melbourne Vic. 3001 Australia
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Campos LS, Barboza CAM, Bassoi M, Bernardes M, Bromberg S, Corbisier TN, Fontes RFC, Gheller PF, Hajdu E, Kawall HG, Lange PK, Lanna AM, Lavrado HP, Monteiro GCS, Montone RC, Morales T, Moura RB, Nakayama CR, Oackes T, Paranhos R, Passos FD, Petti MAV, Pellizari VH, Rezende CE, Rodrigues M, Rosa LH, Secchi E, Tenenbaum DR, Yoneshigue-Valentin Y. Environmental Processes, Biodiversity and Changes in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. FROM POLE TO POLE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-27349-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Riehl T, Kaiser S. Conquered from the deep sea? A new deep-sea isopod species from the Antarctic shelf shows pattern of recent colonization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49354. [PMID: 23145160 PMCID: PMC3492298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, is amongst the most rapidly changing environments of the world. Its benthic inhabitants are barely known and the BIOPEARL 2 project was one of the first to biologically explore this region. Collected during this expedition, Macrostylis roaldi sp. nov. is described as the first isopod discovered on the Amundsen-Sea shelf. Amongst many characteristic features, the most obvious characters unique for M. roaldi are the rather short pleotelson and short operculum as well as the trapezoid shape of the pleotelson in adult males. We used DNA barcodes (COI) and additional mitochondrial markers (12S, 16S) to reciprocally illuminate morphological results and nucleotide variability. In contrast to many other deep-sea isopods, this species is common and shows a wide distribution. Its range spreads from Pine Island Bay at inner shelf right to the shelf break and across 1,000 m bathymetrically. Its gene pool is homogenized across space and depth. This is indicative for a genetic bottleneck or a recent colonization history. Our results suggest further that migratory or dispersal capabilities of some species of brooding macrobenthos have been underestimated. This might be relevant for the species' potential to cope with effects of climate change. To determine where this species could have survived the last glacial period, alternative refuge possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Riehl
- Biocenter Grindel & Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Taboada S, Núñez-Pons L, Avila C. Feeding repellence of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic benthic invertebrates against the omnivorous sea star Odontaster validus. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Danis B, Jangoux M, Wilmes J. Antarctic Starfish (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the ANDEEP3 expedition. Zookeys 2012:73-8. [PMID: 22577314 PMCID: PMC3345795 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.185.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This dataset includes information on sea stars collected during the ANDEEP3 expedition, which took place in 2005. The expedition focused on deep-sea stations in the Powell Basin and Weddell Sea. Sea stars were collected using an Agassiz trawl (3m, mesh-size 500µm), deployed in 16 stations during the ANTXXII/3 (ANDEEP3, PS72) expedition of the RV Polarstern. Sampling depth ranged from 1047 to 4931m. Trawling distance ranged from 731 to 3841m. The sampling area ranges from -41°S to -71°S (latitude) and from 0 to -65°W (longitude). A complete list of stations is available from the PANGAEA data system (http://www.pangaea.de/PHP/CruiseReports.php?b=Polarstern), including a cruise report (http://epic-reports.awi.de/3694/1/PE_72.pdf). The dataset includes 50 records, with individual counts ranging from 1-10, reaching a total of 132 specimens. The andeep3-Asteroidea is a unique dataset as it covers an under-explored region of the Southern Ocean, and that very little information was available regarding Antarctic deep-sea starfish. Before this study, most of the information available focused on starfish from shallower depths than 1000m. This dataset allowed to make unique observations, such as the fact that some species were only present at very high depths (Hymenaster crucifer, Hymenaster pellucidus, Hymenaster praecoquis, Psilaster charcoti, Freyella attenuata, Freyastera tuberculata, Styrachaster chuni and Vemaster sudatlanticus were all found below -3770m), while others displayed remarkable eurybathy, with very high depths amplitudes (Bathybiaster loripes (4842m), Lysasterias adeliae (4832m), Lophaster stellans (4752m), Cheiraster planeta (4708m), Eremicaster crassus (4626m), Lophaster gaini (4560m) and Ctenodiscus australis (4489m)). Even if the number of records is relatively small, the data bring many new insights on the taxonomic, bathymetric and geographic distributions of Southern starfish, covering a very large sampling zone. The dataset also brings to light six species, newly reported in the Southern Ocean. The quality of the data was controlled very thoroughly, by means of on-board Polarstern GPS systems, checking of identification by a renowned specialist (Prof. Michel Jangoux, Université Libre de Bruxelles), and matching to the Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS) and World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). The data is therefore fit for completing checklists, for inclusion in biodiversity patterns analysis, or niche modeling. It also nicely fills an information gap regarding deep-sea starfish from the Southern Ocean, for which data is very scarce at this time. The authors may be contacted if any additional information is needed before carrying out detailed biodiversity or biogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Danis
- ANTABIF, 29, rue Vautier, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Moya F, Saucède T, Manjón-Cabeza ME. Environmental control on the structure of echinoid assemblages in the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bik HM, Thomas WK, Lunt DH, Lambshead PJD. Low endemism, continued deep-shallow interchanges, and evidence for cosmopolitan distributions in free-living marine nematodes (order Enoplida). BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:389. [PMID: 21167065 PMCID: PMC3022606 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nematodes represent the most abundant benthic metazoa in one of the largest habitats on earth, the deep sea. Characterizing major patterns of biodiversity within this dominant group is a critical step towards understanding evolutionary patterns across this vast ecosystem. The present study has aimed to place deep-sea nematode species into a phylogenetic framework, investigate relationships between shallow water and deep-sea taxa, and elucidate phylogeographic patterns amongst the deep-sea fauna. Results Molecular data (18 S and 28 S rRNA) confirms a high diversity amongst deep-sea Enoplids. There is no evidence for endemic deep-sea lineages in Maximum Likelihood or Bayesian phylogenies, and Enoplids do not cluster according to depth or geographic location. Tree topologies suggest frequent interchanges between deep-sea and shallow water habitats, as well as a mixture of early radiations and more recently derived lineages amongst deep-sea taxa. This study also provides convincing evidence of cosmopolitan marine species, recovering a subset of Oncholaimid nematodes with identical gene sequences (18 S, 28 S and cox1) at trans-Atlantic sample sites. Conclusions The complex clade structures recovered within the Enoplida support a high global species richness for marine nematodes, with phylogeographic patterns suggesting the existence of closely related, globally distributed species complexes in the deep sea. True cosmopolitan species may additionally exist within this group, potentially driven by specific life history traits of Enoplids. Although this investigation aimed to intensively sample nematodes from the order Enoplida, specimens were only identified down to genus (at best) and our sampling regime focused on an infinitesimal small fraction of the deep-sea floor. Future nematode studies should incorporate an extended sample set covering a wide depth range (shelf, bathyal, and abyssal sites), utilize additional genetic loci (e.g. mtDNA) that are informative at the species level, and apply high-throughput sequencing methods to fully assay community diversity. Finally, further molecular studies are needed to determine whether phylogeographic patterns observed in Enoplids are common across other ubiquitous marine groups (e.g. Chromadorida, Monhysterida).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Bik
- Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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Evidence for a role of bathymetry and emergence in speciation in the genus Glycera (Glyceridae, Polychaeta) from the deep Eastern Weddell Sea. Polar Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-010-0913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Using DNA barcoding and phylogenetics to identify Antarctic invertebrate larvae: Lessons from a large scale study. Mar Genomics 2010; 3:165-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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BRANDÃO SIMONEN. Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zool J Linn Soc 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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ROTHE NINA, GOODAY ANDREWJ, CEDHAGEN TOMAS, FAHRNI JOSÉ, HUGHES JALAN, PAGE ANTON, PEARCE RICHARDB, PAWLOWSKI JAN. Three new species of deep-sea Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Zool J Linn Soc 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Soler i Membrives A, Turpaeva E, Munilla T. Pycnogonids of the Eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica), with remarks on their bathymetric distribution. Polar Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cumaceans (Crustacea) from the Bellingshausen Sea and off the western Antarctic Peninsula: a deep-water link with fauna of the surrounding oceans. Polar Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rogers AD, Murphy EJ, Johnston NM, Clarke A. Introduction. Antarctic ecology: from genes to ecosystems. Part 2. Evolution, diversity and functional ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 362:2187-9. [PMID: 17553772 PMCID: PMC2042532 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic biota has evolved over the last 100 million years in increasingly isolated and cold conditions. As a result, Antarctic species, from micro-organisms to vertebrates, have adapted to life at extremely low temperatures, including changes in the genome, physiology and ecological traits such as life history. Coupled with cycles of glaciation that have promoted speciation in the Antarctic, this has led to a unique biota in terms of biogeography, patterns of species distribution and endemism. Specialization in the Antarctic biota has led to trade-offs in many ecologically important functions and Antarctic species may have a limited capacity to adapt to present climate change. These include the direct effects of changes in environmental parameters and indirect effects of increased competition and predation resulting from altered life histories of Antarctic species and the impacts of invasive species. Ultimately, climate change may alter the responses of Antarctic ecosystems to harvesting from humans. The unique adaptations of Antarctic species mean that they provide unique models of molecular evolution in natural populations. The simplicity of Antarctic communities, especially from terrestrial systems, makes them ideal to investigate the ecological implications of climate change, which are difficult to identify in more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK.
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40
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GOODAY ANDREWJ, KAMENSKAYA OLGAE, CEDHAGEN TOMAS. New and little-known Komokiacea (Foraminifera) from the bathyal and abyssal Weddell Sea and adjacent areas. Zool J Linn Soc 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clarke A, Johnston NM, Murphy EJ, Rogers AD. Antarctic ecology from genes to ecosystems: the impact of climate change and the importance of scale. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362:5-9. [PMID: 17405205 PMCID: PMC1764835 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica offers a unique natural laboratory for undertaking fundamental research on the relationship between climate, evolutionary processes and molecular adaptation. The fragmentation of Gondwana and the development of wide-scale glaciation have resulted in major episodes of extinction and vicariance, as well as driving adaptation to an extreme environment. On shorter time-scales, glacial cycles have resulted in shifts in distribution, range fragmentation and allopatric speciation, and the Antarctic Peninsula is currently experiencing among the most rapid climatic warming on the planet. The recent revolution in molecular techniques has provided a suite of innovative and powerful tools to explore the consequences of these changes, and these are now providing novel insights into evolutionary and ecological processes in Antarctica. In addition, the increasing use of remotely sensed data is providing a large-scale view of the system that allows these processes to be set in a wider spatial context. In these two volumes, we collect a wide range of papers exploring these themes, concentrating on recent advances and emphasizing the importance of spatial and temporal scale in understanding ecological and evolutionary processes in Antarctica.
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Clarke A, Griffiths HJ, Linse K, Barnes DKA, Crame JA. How well do we know the Antarctic marine fauna? A preliminary study of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in Southern Ocean gastropod and bivalve molluscs. DIVERS DISTRIB 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Huw J. Griffiths
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - David K. A. Barnes
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - J. Alistair Crame
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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Brandt A, Gooday AJ, Brandão SN, Brix S, Brökeland W, Cedhagen T, Choudhury M, Cornelius N, Danis B, De Mesel I, Diaz RJ, Gillan DC, Ebbe B, Howe JA, Janussen D, Kaiser S, Linse K, Malyutina M, Pawlowski J, Raupach M, Vanreusel A. First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature 2007; 447:307-11. [PMID: 17507981 DOI: 10.1038/nature05827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique environmental features, including a very deep continental shelf and a weakly stratified water column, and are the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean. These features suggest that deep-sea faunas around the Antarctic may be related both to adjacent shelf communities and to those in other oceans. Unlike shallow-water Antarctic benthic communities, however, little is known about life in this vast deep-sea region. Here, we report new data from recent sampling expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea and adjacent areas (748-6,348 m water depth) that reveal high levels of new biodiversity; for example, 674 isopods species, of which 585 were new to science. Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have invaded from the shelf. In other taxa, the shelf and slope assemblages were more distinct. Abyssal faunas tended to have stronger links to other oceans, particularly the Atlantic, but mainly in taxa with good dispersal capabilities, such as the Foraminifera. The isopods, ostracods and nematodes, which are poor dispersers, include many species currently known only from the Southern Ocean. Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Brandt
- Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Ellingsen KE, Brandt A, Ebbe B, Linse K. Diversity and species distribution of polychaetes, isopods and bivalves in the Atlantic sector of the deep Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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