1
|
Schäfer MK, Bellouze S, Jacquier A, Schaller S, Richard L, Mathis S, Vallat JM, Haase G. Sensory neuropathy in progressive motor neuronopathy (pmn) mice is associated with defects in microtubule polymerization and axonal transport. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:459-471. [PMID: 27488538 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are now recognized as multi-system disorders also involving various non-motor neuronal cell types. The precise extent and mechanistic basis of non-motor neuron damage in human ALS and ALS animal models remain however unclear. To address this, we here studied progressive motor neuronopathy (pmn) mice carrying a missense loss-of-function mutation in tubulin binding cofactor E (TBCE). These mice manifest a particularly aggressive form of motor axon dying back and display a microtubule loss, similar to that induced by human ALS-linked TUBA4A mutations. Using whole nerve confocal imaging of pmn × thy1.2-YFP16 fluorescent reporter mice and electron microscopy, we demonstrate axonal discontinuities, bead-like spheroids and ovoids in pmn suralis nerves indicating prominent sensory neuropathy. The axonal alterations qualitatively resemble those in phrenic motor nerves but do not culminate in the loss of myelinated fibers. We further show that the pmn mutation decreases the level of TBCE, impedes microtubule polymerization in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and causes progressive loss of microtubules in large and small caliber suralis axons. Live imaging of axonal transport using GFP-tagged tetanus toxin C-fragment (GFP-TTC) demonstrates defects in microtubule-based transport in pmn DRG neurons, providing a potential explanation for the axonal alterations in sensory nerves. This study unravels sensory neuropathy as a pathological feature of mouse pmn, and discusses the potential contribution of cytoskeletal defects to sensory neuropathy in human motor neuron disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Research Center Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah Bellouze
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Schaller
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Laboratoire de Neurologie, Centre de référence national "Neuropathies périphériques rares", Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Limoges, France
| | - Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Laboratoire de Neurologie, Centre de référence national "Neuropathies périphériques rares", Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Limoges, France
| | - Georg Haase
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université UMR 7289, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khadka S, Narayanan B, Meda SA, Gelernter J, Han S, Sawyer B, Aslanzadeh F, Stevens MC, Hawkins KA, Anticevic A, Potenza MN, Pearlson GD. Genetic association of impulsivity in young adults: a multivariate study. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e451. [PMID: 25268255 PMCID: PMC4199418 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a heritable, multifaceted construct with clinically relevant links to multiple psychopathologies. We assessed impulsivity in young adult (N~2100) participants in a longitudinal study, using self-report questionnaires and computer-based behavioral tasks. Analysis was restricted to the subset (N=426) who underwent genotyping. Multivariate association between impulsivity measures and single-nucleotide polymorphism data was implemented using parallel independent component analysis (Para-ICA). Pathways associated with multiple genes in components that correlated significantly with impulsivity phenotypes were then identified using a pathway enrichment analysis. Para-ICA revealed two significantly correlated genotype-phenotype component pairs. One impulsivity component included the reward responsiveness subscale and behavioral inhibition scale of the Behavioral-Inhibition System/Behavioral-Activation System scale, and the second impulsivity component included the non-planning subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Experiential Discounting Task. Pathway analysis identified processes related to neurogenesis, nervous system signal generation/amplification, neurotransmission and immune response. We identified various genes and gene regulatory pathways associated with empirically derived impulsivity components. Our study suggests that gene networks implicated previously in brain development, neurotransmission and immune response are related to impulsive tendencies and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khadka
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - B Narayanan
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - S A Meda
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - J Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver
College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B Sawyer
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - F Aslanzadeh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - M C Stevens
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K A Hawkins
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center/Institute of
Living, Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gallistel CR, Balci F, Freestone D, Kheifets A, King A. Automated, quantitative cognitive/behavioral screening of mice: for genetics, pharmacology, animal cognition and undergraduate instruction. J Vis Exp 2014:e51047. [PMID: 24637442 DOI: 10.3791/51047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a high-throughput, high-volume, fully automated, live-in 24/7 behavioral testing system for assessing the effects of genetic and pharmacological manipulations on basic mechanisms of cognition and learning in mice. A standard polypropylene mouse housing tub is connected through an acrylic tube to a standard commercial mouse test box. The test box has 3 hoppers, 2 of which are connected to pellet feeders. All are internally illuminable with an LED and monitored for head entries by infrared (IR) beams. Mice live in the environment, which eliminates handling during screening. They obtain their food during two or more daily feeding periods by performing in operant (instrumental) and Pavlovian (classical) protocols, for which we have written protocol-control software and quasi-real-time data analysis and graphing software. The data analysis and graphing routines are written in a MATLAB-based language created to simplify greatly the analysis of large time-stamped behavioral and physiological event records and to preserve a full data trail from raw data through all intermediate analyses to the published graphs and statistics within a single data structure. The data-analysis code harvests the data several times a day and subjects it to statistical and graphical analyses, which are automatically stored in the "cloud" and on in-lab computers. Thus, the progress of individual mice is visualized and quantified daily. The data-analysis code talks to the protocol-control code, permitting the automated advance from protocol to protocol of individual subjects. The behavioral protocols implemented are matching, autoshaping, timed hopper-switching, risk assessment in timed hopper-switching, impulsivity measurement, and the circadian anticipation of food availability. Open-source protocol-control and data-analysis code makes the addition of new protocols simple. Eight test environments fit in a 48 in x 24 in x 78 in cabinet; two such cabinets (16 environments) may be controlled by one computer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuat Balci
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University; Department of Psychology, Koç University
| | - David Freestone
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University; Center for Neural Science, New York University
| | | | - Adam King
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Fairfield University
| |
Collapse
|