1
|
Swain BC, Das AK, Pathak NK, Tripathy U. Z-scan analysis and theoretical studies of dopamine under physiological conditions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120890. [PMID: 35066443 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a widely researched catecholamine best known for its role in motor, motivation, addiction, and reward. Disruption in dopamine homeostasis and signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In the periphery, circulating DA is stored in blood platelets, and its disruption correlates with pathological conditions such as head and neck paragangliomas, Huntington's chorea, and schizophrenia. Various methods to sensitively and selectively detect dopamine have been reported, but sparse attempts have been made to exploit its intrinsic properties. Previously, we have harnessed dopamine's natural mid-ultraviolet auto-fluorescence to carry out its label-free imaging in live brain tissues. Recently, we used the closed-aperture (CA) Z-scan method to provide the first line of evidence on the existence of dopamine nonlinearity. Here, we utilized this simple, sensitive, and straightforward CA Z-scan technique and coupled this with theoretical simulations to further investigate the nonlinear photophysical properties of DA under physiological conditions. Our combined approach revealed that the nonlinear property of dopamine is governed by the thermo-optical effects, and the CA Z-scan profiles can be modulated by parameters such as phase-shift, orders of absorption, and time dependency. Simple and physiologically relevant systems, such as the platelets, are amenable to Z-scan analysis, thereby empowering us to scrutinize in the future if nonlinearity and its alterations, if any, have a direct bearing on DA homeostasis and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Anand Kant Das
- Physics Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nitesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakshi, Swain BC, Das AK, Pathak NK, Tripathy U. Norepinephrine exhibits thermo-optical nonlinearity under physiological conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23473-23477. [PMID: 34657946 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE), a crucial modulatory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in human physiology. Here, we use the Z-scan technique to investigate the nonlinear properties of NE at physiological conditions. Results reveal that NE exhibits thermo-optical nonlinearity. Outcomes can be utilized to investigate noradrenergic processes in correlation with various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Bikash Chandra Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Anand Kant Das
- Physics Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nitesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swain BC, Das AK, Tripathy U. Probing third-order nonlinearity in serotonin: A Z-scan study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117319. [PMID: 31280124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a crucial endogenous monoamine neurotransmitter that modulates neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. There have been numerous attempts to study the biochemical and photophysical properties of serotonin to carry out its molecular imaging and quantitative estimation. Here, we investigate the properties of serotonin at physiological concentration and pH using a continuous wave (CW) laser excitation closed-aperture (CA) Z-scan technique. Serotonin is packaged at high concentration inside the acidic environment of vesicles, and upon release gets diluted at the release sites in a neutral pH environment. Our solution-based measurements indicate that serotonin showed negative refractive nonlinearity and positive absorptive nonlinearity at a neutral pH. However, in the acidic medium, it showed negative refractive nonlinearity and mostly negative absorptive nonlinearity. The effect of excitation laser power on the observed nonlinearity is also verified. We attribute the origin of the nonlinearity in serotonin to the thermal lensing effect. Our robust and straightforward strategy to probe the monoamine neurotransmitter properties will provide new avenues to investigate serotonergic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Swain
- Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Anand Kant Das
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Das AK, Kudlacek O, Baumgart F, Jaentsch K, Stockner T, Sitte HH, Schütz GJ. Dopamine transporter forms stable dimers in the live cell plasma membrane in a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-independent manner. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5632-5642. [PMID: 30705091 PMCID: PMC6462504 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter (hDAT) regulates the level of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the synaptic cleft and recycles DA for storage in the presynaptic vesicular pool. Many neurotransmitter transporters exist as oligomers, but the physiological role of oligomerization remains unclear; for example, it has been speculated to be a prerequisite for amphetamine-induced release and protein trafficking. Previous studies point to an oligomeric quaternary structure of hDAT; however, the exact stoichiometry and the fraction of co-existing oligomeric states are not known. Here, we used single-molecule brightness analysis to quantify the degree of oligomerization of heterologously expressed hDAT fused to monomeric GFP (mGFP–hDAT) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We observed that monomers and dimers of mGFP–hDAT co-exist and that higher-order molecular complexes of mGFP–hDAT are absent at the plasma membrane. The mGFP–hDAT dimers were stable over several minutes, and the fraction of dimers was independent of the mGFP–hDAT surface density. Furthermore, neither oxidation nor depletion of cholesterol had any effect on the fraction of dimers. Unlike for the human serotonin transporter (hSERT), in which direct binding of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) stabilized the oligomers, the stability of mGFP–hDAT dimers was PIP2 independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kant Das
- From the Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060, Vienna and
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- the Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Baumgart
- From the Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060, Vienna and
| | - Kathrin Jaentsch
- the Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- the Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- the Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Schütz
- From the Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060, Vienna and
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bera K, Das AK, Rakshit A, Sarkar B, Rawat A, Maity BK, Maiti S. Fluorogenic Detection of Monoamine Neurotransmitters in Live Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:469-474. [PMID: 29226666 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmission is key to neuromodulation, but imaging monoamines in live neurons has remained a challenge. Here we show that externally added ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) can permeate live cells and form bright fluorogenic adducts with intracellular monoamines (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) and with L-DOPA, which can be imaged sensitively using conventional single-photon excitation in a fluorescence microscope. The peak excitation and emission wavelengths (λex = 401 nm and λem = 490 nm for serotonin; λex = 446 nm and λem = 557 nm for dopamine; and λex = 446 nm and λem = 544 nm for norepinephrine, respectively) are accessible to most modern confocal imaging instruments. The identity of monoamine containing structures (possibly neurotransmitter vesicles) in serotonergic RN46A cells is established by quasi-simultaneous imaging of serotonin using three-photon excitation microscopy. Mass spectrometry of cell extracts and of in vitro solutions helps us identify the chemical nature of the adducts and establishes the reaction mechanisms. Our method has low toxicity, high selectivity, and the ability to directly report the location and concentration of monoamines in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Bera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Anand Kant Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ananya Rakshit
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Bidyut Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Anoop Rawat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Barun Kumar Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das AK, Maity BK, Surendran D, Tripathy U, Maiti S. Label-Free Ratiometric Imaging of Serotonin in Live Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2369-2373. [PMID: 28796481 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric imaging can quantitatively measure changes in cellular analyte concentrations using specially designed fluorescent labels. We describe a label-free ratiometric imaging technique for direct detection of changes in intravesicular serotonin concentration in live cells. At higher concentrations, serotonin forms transient oligomers whose ultraviolet emission is shifted to longer wavelengths. We access the ultraviolet/blue emission using relatively benign three-photon excitation and split it into two imaging channels, whose ratio reports the concentration. The technique is sensitive at a physiologically relevant concentration range (10-150 mM serotonin). As a proof of principle, we measure the increase of intravesicular serotonin concentration with the addition of external serotonin. In general, since emission spectra of molecules are often sensitive to concentration, our method may be applicable to other natively fluorescent intracellular molecules which are present at high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kant Das
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba,
Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Barun Kumar Maity
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba,
Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Dayana Surendran
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba,
Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department
of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand, India
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba,
Mumbai 400005, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antonets KS, Nizhnikov AA. Predicting Amyloidogenic Proteins in the Proteomes of Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102155. [PMID: 29035294 PMCID: PMC5666836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are protein fibrils with characteristic spatial structure. Though amyloids were long perceived to be pathogens that cause dozens of incurable pathologies in humans and mammals, it is currently clear that amyloids also represent a functionally important form of protein structure implicated in a variety of biological processes in organisms ranging from archaea and bacteria to fungi and animals. Despite their social significance, plants remain the most poorly studied group of organisms in the field of amyloid biology. To date, amyloid properties have only been demonstrated in vitro or in heterologous systems for a small number of plant proteins. Here, for the first time, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of potentially amyloidogenic proteins in the proteomes of approximately 70 species of land plants using the Waltz and SARP (Sequence Analysis based on the Ranking of Probabilities) bioinformatic algorithms. We analyzed more than 2.9 million protein sequences and found that potentially amyloidogenic proteins are abundant in plant proteomes. We found that such proteins are overrepresented among membrane as well as DNA- and RNA-binding proteins of plants. Moreover, seed storage and defense proteins of most plant species are rich in amyloidogenic regions. Taken together, our data demonstrate the diversity of potentially amyloidogenic proteins in plant proteomes and suggest biological processes where formation of amyloids might be functionally important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill S Antonets
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 Podbelskogo sh., 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Anton A Nizhnikov
- Laboratory for Proteomics of Supra-Organismal Systems, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 Podbelskogo sh., 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De-Miguel FF, Nicholls JG. Release of chemical transmitters from cell bodies and dendrites of nerve cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0181. [PMID: 26009760 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Papers in this issue concern extrasynaptic transmission, namely release of signalling molecules by exocytosis or diffusion from neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons and glia. Problems discussed concern the molecules, their secretion and importance for normal function and disease. Molecules secreted extrasynaptically include transmitters, peptides, hormones and nitric oxide. For extrasynaptic secretion, trains of action potentials are required, and the time course of release is slower than at synapses. Questions arise concerning the mechanism of extrasynaptic secretion: how does it differ from the release observed at synaptic terminals and gland cells? What kinds of vesicles take part? Is release accomplished through calcium entry, SNAP and SNARE proteins? A clear difference is in the role of molecules released synaptically and extrasynaptically. After extrasynaptic release, molecules reach distant as well as nearby cells, and thereby produce long-lasting changes over large volumes of brain. Such changes can affect circuits for motor performance and mood states. An example with clinical relevance is dyskinesia of patients treated with l-DOPA for Parkinson's disease. Extrasynaptically released transmitters also evoke responses in glial cells, which in turn release molecules that cause local vasodilatation and enhanced circulation in regions of the brain that are active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco F De-Miguel
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - John G Nicholls
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, SISSA, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bienias K, Fiedorowicz A, Sadowska A, Prokopiuk S, Car H. Regulation of sphingomyelin metabolism. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:570-81. [PMID: 26940196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SFs) represent a large class of lipids playing diverse functions in a vast number of physiological and pathological processes. Sphingomyelin (SM) is the most abundant SF in the cell, with ubiquitous distribution within mammalian tissues, and particularly high levels in the Central Nervous System (CNS). SM is an essential element of plasma membrane (PM) and its levels are crucial for the cell function. SM content in a cell is strictly regulated by the enzymes of SM metabolic pathways, which activities create a balance between SM synthesis and degradation. The de novo synthesis via SM synthases (SMSs) in the last step of the multi-stage process is the most important pathway of SM formation in a cell. The SM hydrolysis by sphingomyelinases (SMases) increases the concentration of ceramide (Cer), a bioactive molecule, which is involved in cellular proliferation, growth and apoptosis. By controlling the levels of SM and Cer, SMSs and SMases maintain cellular homeostasis. Enzymes of SM cycle exhibit unique properties and diverse tissue distribution. Disturbances in their activities were observed in many CNS pathologies. This review characterizes the physiological roles of SM and enzymes controlling SM levels as well as their involvement in selected pathologies of the Central Nervous System, such as ischemia/hypoxia, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), depression, schizophrenia and Niemann Pick disease (NPD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bienias
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland; Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Prokopiuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|