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Fonseca GM, Rojas-Torres J. "To do more with less". Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112118. [PMID: 38996542 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Fonseca
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense (CIO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Javier Rojas-Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense (CIO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Doctorate in Sciences Program, major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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2
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Rojas-Torres JA, López-Lázaro S, Viciano J, Fonseca GM. Digital matching of palatal rugae patterns for forensic identification in edentulous denture wearers. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024:10.1007/s12024-024-00852-1. [PMID: 38913121 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-024-00852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Identifying edentulous victims in forensic contexts poses a significant challenge. It has been reported that having a denture to reproduce and compare Palatal Rugae (PR) patterns is crucial for identifying edentulous individuals, yet there are no validated protocols for conducting this procedure. In this study, a new method was developed and validated for plaster molding of the internal surface of upper dentures, along with a protocol involving focus-stacked photographs and reference scales. Thirty-eight edentulous subjects participated in the study, obtaining plaster models of the patients (PM), and their dentures (AM) were standardized. The AM/PM model was highlighted and photographed with ten shots in different z-focuses for each model, using standard lighting and aligning the position of the PR perpendicular to the photographic axis using tubular spirit levels and modeling clay. The images were processed using the stacking technique and analyzed by three observers through the proposed protocol using Adobe® Photoshop®. The results were analyzed based on the intra-observer and inter-observer agreement levels, with a 95% confidence interval. This study demonstrated high-precision intra-observer and inter-observer agreement (k = 1) in the matching of Palatal Rugae (PR) and maxillary morphology obtained from participants and their dentures. The protocol is simple, cost-effective, and precise. It enables standardization of the technique for obtaining plaster models, and the exposure of PR and photographic protocol minimizes the presence of artifacts in the images, thereby reducing the likelihood of errors and promoting the reproducibility of both the recording technique and the comparison of the PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Rojas-Torres
- Forensic Dentistry Lab, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4811230, Chile.
| | - Sandra López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Av. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, 685033, Chile
| | - Joan Viciano
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriel M Fonseca
- Forensic Dentistry Lab, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
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3
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Almazrouei MA, Kukucka J, Morgan RM, Levy I. Unpacking workplace stress and forensic expert decision-making: From theory to practice. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2024; 8:100473. [PMID: 38737991 PMCID: PMC11087230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Workplace stress can affect forensic experts' job satisfaction and performance, which holds financial and other implications for forensic service providers. Therefore, it is important to understand and manage workplace stress, but that is not simple or straightforward. This paper explores stress as a human factor that influences forensic expert decision-making. First, we identify and highlight three factors that mitigate decisions under stress conditions: nature of decision, individual differences, and context of decision. Second, we situate workplace stress in forensic science within the Challenge-Hindrance Stressor Framework. We argue that stressors in forensic science workplaces can have a positive or a negative impact, depending on the type, level, and context of stress. Developing an understanding of the stressors, their sources, and their possible impact can help forensic service providers and researchers to implement context-specific interventions to manage stress at work and optimize expert performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Almazrouei
- Center for Neurocognition and Behavior, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeff Kukucka
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Ruth M. Morgan
- Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ifat Levy
- Center for Neurocognition and Behavior, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Vallejo DD, Corstvet JL, Fernández FM. Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Low-Cost Power Supplies for Improved Electrospray Ionization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 495:117167. [PMID: 38053979 PMCID: PMC10695355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2023.117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is one of the most popular methods to generate ions for mass spectrometry (MS). When compared with other ionization techniques, it can generate ions from liquid-phase samples without additives, retaining covalent and non-covalent interactions of the molecules of interest. When hyphenated to liquid chromatography, it greatly expands the versatility of MS analysis of complex mixtures. However, despite the extensive growth in the application of ESI, the technique still suffers from some drawbacks when powered by direct current (DC) power supplies. Triboelectric nanogenerators promise to be a new power source for the generation of ions by ESI, improving on the analytical capabilities of traditional DC ESI. In this review we highlight the fundamentals of ESI driven by DC power supplies, its contrasting qualities to triboelectric nanogenerator power supplies, and its applications to three distinct fields of research: forensics, metabolomics, and protein structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Vallejo
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph L. Corstvet
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Bazyar H. On the Application of Microfluidic-Based Technologies in Forensics: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5856. [PMID: 37447704 PMCID: PMC10346202 DOI: 10.3390/s23135856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is a powerful tool to enable the rapid, accurate, and on-site analysis of forensically relevant evidence on a crime scene. This review paper provides a summary on the application of this technology in various forensic investigation fields spanning from forensic serology and human identification to discriminating and analyzing diverse classes of drugs and explosives. Each aspect is further explained by providing a short summary on general forensic workflow and investigations for body fluid identification as well as through the analysis of drugs and explosives. Microfluidic technology, including fabrication methodologies, materials, and working modules, are touched upon. Finally, the current shortcomings on the implementation of the microfluidic technology in the forensic field are discussed along with the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Bazyar
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Jackson GP, Barkett MA. Forensic Mass Spectrometry: Scientific and Legal Precedents. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37276607 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has made profound contributions to the criminal justice system by providing an instrumental method of analysis that delivers exquisite analytical figures of merit for a wide variety of samples and analytes. Applications include the characterization of trace metal impurities in hair and glass to the identification of drugs, explosives, polymers, and ignitable liquids. This review describes major historical developments and, where possible, relates the developed capabilities to casework and legal precedents. This review also provides insight into how historical applications have evolved into, and out of, modern consensus standards. Unlike many pattern-based techniques and physical-matching methods, mass spectrometry has strong scientific foundations and a long history of successful applications that have made it one of the most reliable and respected sources of scientific evidence in criminal and civil cases. That said, in several appellate decisions in which mass spectrometric evidence was challenged but admitted, decisions sometimes still went against the mass spectrometric data anyway, which goes to show that mass spectrometric evidence is always just one piece of the larger legal puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen P Jackson
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6121, United States
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mark A Barkett
- Dover Chemical Company, Dover, Ohio 44622, United States
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7
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de Roo R, Mapes A, van Cooten M, van Hooff B, Kneppers S, Kokshoorn B, Valkenburg T, de Poot C. Introducing a Rapid DNA Analysis Procedure for Crime Scene Samples Outside of the Laboratory-A Field Experiment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4153. [PMID: 37112494 PMCID: PMC10145755 DOI: 10.3390/s23084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Technological innovations enable rapid DNA analysis implementation possibilities. Concordantly, rapid DNA devices are being used in practice. However, the effects of implementing rapid DNA technologies in the crime scene investigation procedure have only been evaluated to a limited extent. In this study a field experiment was set up comparing 47 real crime scene cases following a rapid DNA analysis procedure outside of the laboratory (decentral), with 50 cases following the regular DNA analysis procedure at the forensic laboratory. The impact on duration of the investigative process, and on the quality of the analyzed trace results (97 blood and 38 saliva traces) was measured. The results of the study show that the duration of the investigation process has been significantly reduced in cases where the decentral rapid DNA procedure was deployed, compared to cases where the regular procedure was used. Most of the delay in the regular process lies in the procedural steps during the police investigation, not in the DNA analysis, which highlights the importance of an effective work process and having sufficient capacity available. This study also shows that rapid DNA techniques are less sensitive than regular DNA analysis equipment. The device used in this study was only to a limited extent suitable for the analysis of saliva traces secured at the crime scene and can mainly be used for the analysis of visible blood traces with an expected high DNA quantity of a single donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne de Roo
- Forensic Science Department, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Tafelbergweg 51, 1105 BD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Mapes
- Midden-Nederland Police Department, Forensic Investigative Division, 1276 KA Huizen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel van Cooten
- Midden-Nederland Police Department, Forensic Investigative Division, 1276 KA Huizen, The Netherlands
| | - Britt van Hooff
- Amsterdam Police Department, Forensic Investigative Division, 1014 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kneppers
- Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Kokshoorn
- Forensic Science Department, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Tafelbergweg 51, 1105 BD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, 2497 GB The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Thalassa Valkenburg
- Amsterdam Police Department, Forensic Investigative Division, 1014 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne de Poot
- Forensic Science Department, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Tafelbergweg 51, 1105 BD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Police Academy, 7334 AC Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Why teach crime scene management to forensic university students? Sci Justice 2022; 62:735-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Van Echelpoel R, Kranenburg RF, van Asten AC, De Wael K. Electrochemical detection of MDMA and 2C-B in ecstasy tablets using a selectivity enhancement strategy by in-situ derivatization. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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West H, Fitzgerald J, Hopkins K, Li E, Clark N, Tzanetis S, Greene SL, Reid GE. Early Warning System for Illicit Drug Use at Large Public Events: Trace Residue Analysis of Discarded Drug Packaging Samples. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2604-2614. [PMID: 34460248 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by Locard's exchange principle, which states "every contact leaves a trace", a trace residue sampling strategy has been developed for the analysis of discarded drug packaging samples (DPS), as part of an early warning system for illicit drug use at large public events including music/dance festivals. Using direct analysis in real time/mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, rapid and high-throughput identification and characterization of a wide range of illicit drugs and adulterant substances was achieved, including in complex polydrug mixtures and at low relative ion abundances. A total of 1362 DPS were analyzed either off-site using laboratory-based instrumentation or on-site and in close to real time using a transportable mass spectrometer housed within a mobile analytical laboratory, with each analysis requiring less than 1 min per sample. Of the DPS analyzed, 92.2% yielded positive results for at least one of 15 different drugs and/or adulterants, including cocaine, MDMA, and ketamine, as well as numerous novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Also, 52.6% of positive DPS were found to contain polydrug mixtures, and a total of 42 different drug and polydrug combinations were observed throughout the study. For analyses performed on-site, reports to key stakeholders including event organizers, first aid and medical personnel, and peer-based harm reduction workers could be provided in as little as 5 min after sample collection. Following risk assessment of the potential harms associated with their use, drug advisories or alerts were then disseminated to event staff and patrons and subsequently to the general public when substances with particularly toxic properties were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry West
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John Fitzgerald
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine Hopkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric Li
- Agilent Technologies Australia, Mulgrave, Victoria 3170, Australia
| | - Nicolas Clark
- North Richmond Community Health, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Stephanie Tzanetis
- Harm Reduction Victoria, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
- Harm Reduction Australia, Leura, New South Wales 2780, Australia
| | - Shaun L Greene
- Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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Evans-Nguyen K, Stelmack AR, Clowser PC, Holtz JM, Mulligan CC. FIELDABLE MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FORENSIC SCIENCE, HOMELAND SECURITY, AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:628-646. [PMID: 32722885 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is commonly used in forensic chemistry laboratories for sensitive, definitive analysis. There have been significant efforts to bring mass spectrometry analysis on-site through the development of ruggedized, fieldable instruments. Testing samples in the field is of particular interest in forensic science, homeland security, and defense applications. In forensic chemistry, testing seized drugs in the field can significantly improve efficiencies in processing of related criminal cases. The screening of passengers and luggage at transportation hubs is a critical need for homeland security for which mass spectrometry is well suited to provide definitive answers with low false positive rates. Mass spectrometry can yield reliable data for military personnel testing sites for potential chemical weapons release. To meet the needs of the forensic and security communities fieldable mass spectrometers based on membrane inlet systems and hybrid gas chromatography systems have been developed and commercialized. More recently developed ambient ionization mass spectrometry methods can eliminate the time, equipment, and expertise associated with sample preparation, and so are especially appealing for on-site analysis. We describe the development of fieldable mass spectrometry systems, with emphasis on commercially available systems that have been deployed for on-site analysis of seized drugs, chemical warfare agents, explosives, and other analytes of interest to the forensic and security communities. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyon Evans-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL
| | | | | | - Jessica M Holtz
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL
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12
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Munir R, Abbas RZ, Arshed N. DNA profiling and databasing: An analysis of issues and challenges in the criminal justice system of Pakistan. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2021; 61:27-33. [PMID: 33032488 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420964318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of DNA as evidence in judicial trials in Pakistan is fraught with issues and challenges, including sampling, profiling, analysis, inclusion and exclusion criteria, insight and oversight mechanisms, invasion of personal privacy, constitutional safeguards and court admissibility issues. These problems have diminished the significance of this robust forensic evidence and hindered the creation of a central database in the country. This paper discusses these issues and introduces suggestions for the inclusion of DNA as significant evidence in the criminal justice system of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Zamin Abbas
- Department of Management, University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
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13
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Lian J, Xu Q, Wang Y, Meng F. Recent Developments in Fluorescent Materials for Heavy Metal Ions Analysis From the Perspective of Forensic Chemistry. Front Chem 2020; 8:593291. [PMID: 33240852 PMCID: PMC7683503 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.593291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic chemistry deals with the analysis of various types of physical evidences related to crime, corresponding to the detection of target substances or elements in complex matrices. There is a vital need for highly selective, rapid, and sensitive biosensing technologies in heavy metal ions analysis especially those from living persons, autopsy, food, water, soil, and other identified substances at very preliminary stages. Fluorescent materials-based method for heavy metal ions detection is one of the most important analytical methods, resulting in the ability to measure analytes in complex matrices with unsurpassed selectivity and sensitivity. In this mini review, different fluorescent materials-based analytical methods aiming at several heavy metal ions detection are exclusively reviewed through a comprehensive literature survey. In addition, current challenges to achieve integrated evidence analysis process are briefly discussed to provide an outlook for heavy metal ions detection based on fluorescent analytical methods in the forensic chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- College of Criminal Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Fanda Meng
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
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14
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Abstract
Reducing the risk of (cross-)contamination, improving the chain of custody, providing fast analysis times and options of direct analysis at crime scenes: these requirements within forensic DNA analysis can be met upon using microfluidic devices. To become generally applied in forensics, the most important requirements for microfluidic devices are: analysis time, method of DNA detection and biocompatibility of used materials. In this work an overview is provided about biosensing of DNA, by DNA profiling via standard short tandem repeat (STR) analysis or by next generation sequencing. The material of which a forensic microfluidic device is made is crucial: it should for example not inhibit DNA amplification and its thermal conductivity and optical transparency should be suitable for achieving fast analysis. The characteristics of three materials frequently used materials, i.e., glass, silicon and PDMS, are given, in addition to a promising alternative, viz. cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). New experimental findings are presented about the biocompatibility of COC and the use of COC chips for multiple displacement amplification and real-time monitoring of DNA amplification.
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15
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Brown HM, McDaniel TJ, Fedick PW, Mulligan CC. The current role of mass spectrometry in forensics and future prospects. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3974-3997. [PMID: 32720670 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are highly prevalent in crime laboratories, particularly those coupled to chromatographic separations like gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC). These methods are considered "gold standard" analytical techniques for forensic analysis and have been extensively validated for producing prosecutorial evidentiary data. However, factors such as growing evidence backlogs and problematic evidence types (e.g., novel psychoactive substance (NPS) classes) have exposed limitations of these stalwart techniques. This critical review serves to delineate the current role of MS methods across the broad sub-disciplines of forensic science, providing insight on how governmental steering committees guide their implementation. Novel, developing techniques that seek to broaden applicability and enhance performance will also be highlighted, from unique modifications to traditional hyphenated MS methods to the newer "ambient" MS techniques that show promise for forensic analysis, but need further validation before incorporation into routine forensic workflows. This review also expounds on how recent improvements to MS instrumental design, scan modes, and data processing could cause a paradigm shift in how the future forensic practitioner collects and processes target evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M Brown
- Chemistry Division, Research Department, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), United States Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), China Lake, California 93555, USA.
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16
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Fatigante WL, Mukta S, Lawton ZE, Bruno AM, Traub A, Gasa AJ, Stelmack AR, Wilson-Frank CR, Mulligan CC. Filter Cone Spray Ionization Coupled to a Portable MS System: Application to On-Site Forensic Evidence and Environmental Sample Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:336-346. [PMID: 32031391 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of field-borne sample matrices and the instrumental constraints of portable mass spectrometers (MS) often necessitate that preparative steps are added prior to ambient MS methods when operated on-site, but the corresponding decrease in throughput and experimental simplicity can make field operation impractical. To this end, we report a modified ambient MS method, filter cone spray ionization (FCSI), specifically designed for simple, yet robust, processing of bulk forensic evidence and environmental samples using a fieldable MS system. This paper-crafted source utilizes low-cost laboratory consumables to produce a conical structure that serves as a disposable, spray-based ionization source. Integrated extraction and filtration capabilities mitigate sample heterogeneity and carryover concerns and expedite sample processing, as characterized through the analysis of a variety of authentic forensic evidence types (e.g., abused pharma tablets, counterfeit/adulterated tablets, crystal-based drugs, synthetic marijuana, toxicological specimens) and contaminated soil samples. The data presented herein suggests that the FCSI-MS design could prove robust to the rigors of field-borne, bulk sample screening, overcoming the inefficiencies of other ambient MS methods for these sample classes. Novel applications of FCSI-MS are also examined, such as the coupling to trace evidence vacuum filtration media.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Fatigante
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Shahnaz Mukta
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Zachary E Lawton
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Alessandra M Bruno
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Angelica Traub
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Alyssa J Gasa
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Ashley R Stelmack
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
| | - Christina R Wilson-Frank
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Christopher C Mulligan
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois State University , Normal , Illinois 61790 , United States
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17
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Nakhaeizadeh S, Morgan RM, Olsson V, Arvidsson M, Thompson T. The value of eye-tracking technology in the analysis and interpretations of skeletal remains: A pilot study. Sci Justice 2020; 60:36-42. [PMID: 31924287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This initial study is the first to use eye-trackers as a tool in order to study gaze pattern strategies and decision making processes involved in the assessment of skeletal remains. Three experienced participants were asked to wear eye-tracking glasses (Tobii Pro Glasses 2) when estimating sex and age-at-death of one set of skeletal remains from a known archeological sample. The study assessed participants' fixation points (the features of the skeleton focused on), fixation duration (the total time spent on each assessment and feature) as well as visit count and duration (the total number of visits and the duration of visits to particular areas). The preliminary results of this study identified differences in gaze "strategies" with regards to fixation points, visit duration, and visit counts between the participants. The data generated provide a starting point for assessing how such technologies could be used in order to more fully understand the decision making processes involved in forensic anthropological interpretations and their role in forensic reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Nakhaeizadeh
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom; UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth M Morgan
- UCL Centre for the Forensic Sciences, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom; UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Viktor Olsson
- Tobii Pro Insight, Karlsrovägen 2D, 182 53 Danderyd, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Arvidsson
- Tobii Pro Insight, Karlsrovägen 2D, 182 53 Danderyd, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Thompson
- Teesside University School of Science, Engineering & Design, Stephenson Street, Tees Valley, TS1 3BX Teesside, United Kingdom
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Crispino F, Roux C, Delémont O, Ribaux O. Is the (traditional) Galilean science paradigm well suited to forensic science? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wfs2.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Crispino
- Chimie, biochimie et physique Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivieres Quebec Canada
| | - Claude Roux
- Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Olivier Delémont
- Ecole des sciences criminelles Université de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ribaux
- Ecole des sciences criminelles Université de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Rodrigues CHP, Bruni AT. In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science. Sci Justice 2019; 59:234-247. [PMID: 31054814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Henrique Pinke Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Thaís Bruni
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Spikmans V. The evolution of environmental forensics: From laboratory to field analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wfs2.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Val Spikmans
- Western Sydney University School of Science and Health Penrith NSW Australia
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21
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de Araujo WR, Cardoso TM, da Rocha RG, Santana MH, Muñoz RA, Richter EM, Paixão TR, Coltro WK. Portable analytical platforms for forensic chemistry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dawnay N, Flamson R, Hall MJ, Steadman DW. Impact of sample degradation and inhibition on field-based DNA identification of human remains. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 37:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Bruni AT, de Carvalho POM, Rodrigues CHP, Leite VBP. In silico methods in forensic science: Quantum chemistry and multivariate analysis applied to infrared spectra of new amphetamine- and cathinone-derived psychoactive substances. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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When forensic odontology met biochemistry: Multidisciplinary approach in forensic human identification. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:7-14. [PMID: 29241027 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When human remains are found, the priority of the investigation is to ascertain the identity of the deceased. A positive identification is a key factor in providing closure for the family of the deceased; it is also required to issue the death certificate and therefore, to settle legal affairs. Moreover, it is difficult for any forensic investigation involving human remains to be solved without the determination of an identity. Therefore, personal identification is necessary for social, legal and forensic reasons. In the last thirty years forensic odontology has experienced an important transformation, from primarily involving occasional dental identification into a broader role, contributing to the determination of the biological profile. In the same way, "DNA fingerprinting" has evolved not only in terms of improving its technology, but also in its application beyond the "classical": helping with the estimation of sex, age and ancestry. As these two forensic disciplines have developed independently, their pathways have crossed several times through human identification operations, especially the ones that require a multidisciplinary approach. Thus, the aim of this review is to describe the contributions of both forensic odontology and molecular biology/biochemistry to human identification, demonstrating how a multidisciplinary approach can lead to a better and more efficient identification.
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Microfluidic Devices for Forensic DNA Analysis: A Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030041. [PMID: 27527231 PMCID: PMC5039660 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices may offer various advantages for forensic DNA analysis, such as reduced risk of contamination, shorter analysis time and direct application at the crime scene. Microfluidic chip technology has already proven to be functional and effective within medical applications, such as for point-of-care use. In the forensic field, one may expect microfluidic technology to become particularly relevant for the analysis of biological traces containing human DNA. This would require a number of consecutive steps, including sample work up, DNA amplification and detection, as well as secure storage of the sample. This article provides an extensive overview of microfluidic devices for cell lysis, DNA extraction and purification, DNA amplification and detection and analysis techniques for DNA. Topics to be discussed are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on-chip, digital PCR (dPCR), isothermal amplification on-chip, chip materials, integrated devices and commercially available techniques. A critical overview of the opportunities and challenges of the use of chips is discussed, and developments made in forensic DNA analysis over the past 10–20 years with microfluidic systems are described. Areas in which further research is needed are indicated in a future outlook.
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