1
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Ramos-Llorens M, Bainour K, Adelmann L, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Raible F, Monroig Ó. Elongation capacity of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Open Biol 2024; 14:240069. [PMID: 38864244 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins plays pivotal functions in the biosynthesis of the physiologically essential long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Polychaetes have important roles in marine ecosystems, contributing not only to nutrient recycling but also exhibiting a distinctive capacity for biosynthesizing LC-PUFA. To expand our understanding of the LC-PUFA biosynthesis in polychaetes, this study conducted a thorough molecular and functional characterization of Elovl occurring in the model organism Platynereis dumerilii. We identify six Elovl in the genome of P. dumerilii. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses established that four Elovl, identified as Elovl2/5, Elovl4 (two genes) and Elovl1/7, have putative functions in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Functional characterization confirmed the roles of these elongases in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, demonstrating that P. dumerilii possesses a varied and functionally diverse complement of Elovl that, along with the enzymatic specificities of previously characterized desaturases, enables P. dumerilii to perform all the reactions required for the biosynthesis of the LC-PUFA. Importantly, we uncovered that one of the two Elovl4-encoding genes is remarkably long in comparison with any other animals' Elovl, which contains a C terminal KH domain unique among Elovl. The distinctive expression pattern of this protein in photoreceptors strongly suggests a central role in vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramos-Llorens
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Khalida Bainour
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Leonie Adelmann
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna , Vienna 1030, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/4, A-1030 , Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
| | - Florian Raible
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna , Vienna 1030, Austria
- Research Platform "Rhythms of Life", University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/4, A-1030 , Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC , Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595, Spain
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2
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Ribes-Navarro A, Kabeya N, Castro LFC, Gomes-dos-Santos A, Fonseca MM, Alberts-Hubatsch H, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó. Examination of gammarid transcriptomes reveals a widespread occurrence of key metabolic genes from epibiont bdelloid rotifers in freshwater species. Open Biol 2023; 13:230196. [PMID: 37875161 PMCID: PMC10597677 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data revealed the unexpected presence of genes encoding for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic enzymes in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not in marine species, even though closely related species were compared. This study aimed to clarify the origin and occurrence of selected LC-PUFA biosynthesis gene markers across all published gammarid transcriptomes. Through systematic searches, we confirmed the widespread occurrence of sequences from seven elongases and desaturases involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not marine species, and clarified that such occurrence is independent from the gammarid species and geographical origin. The phylogenetic analysis established that the retrieved elongase and desaturase sequences were closely related to bdelloid rotifers, confirming that multiple transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids contain contaminating rotifers' genetic material. Using the Adineta steineri genome, we investigated the genomic location and exon-intron organization of the elongase and desaturase genes, establishing they are all genome-anchored and, importantly, identifying instances of horizontal gene transfer. Finally, we provide compelling evidence demonstrating Bdelloidea desaturases and elongases enable these organisms to perform all the reactions for de novo biosynthesis of PUFA and, from them, LC-PUFA, an advantageous trait when considering the low abundance of these essential nutrients in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Gomes-dos-Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Fonseca
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hilke Alberts-Hubatsch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C. Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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3
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Ramos-Llorens M, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Ferrier DEK, Monroig Ó. Functionally diverse front-end desaturases are widespread in the phylum Annelida. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159377. [PMID: 37517549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic single-cell organisms have long been believed to be unique primary producers of omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA). Multiple invertebrates including annelids have been discovered to possess methyl-end desaturases enabling key steps in the de novo synthesis of ω3 LC-PUFA, and thus potentially contributing to their production in the ocean. Along methyl-end desaturases, the repertoire and function of further LC-PUFA biosynthesising enzymes is largely missing in Annelida. In this study we examined the front-end desaturase gene repertoire across the phylum Annelida, from Polychaeta and Clitellata, major classes of annelids comprising most annelid diversity. We further characterised the functions of the encoded enzymes in selected representative species by using a heterologous expression system based in yeast, demonstrating that functions of Annelida front-end desaturases have highly diversified during their expansion in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We concluded that annelids possess at least two front-end desaturases with Δ5 and Δ6Δ8 desaturase regioselectivities, enabling all the desaturation reactions required to convert the C18 precursors into the physiologically relevant LC-PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids, but not docosahexaenoic acid. Such a gene complement is conserved across the different taxonomic groups within Annelida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramos-Llorens
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - David E K Ferrier
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
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4
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Boyen J, Ribes-Navarro A, Kabeya N, Monroig Ó, Rigaux A, Fink P, Hablützel PI, Navarro JC, De Troch M. Functional characterization reveals a diverse array of metazoan fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:970-982. [PMID: 36461663 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain (≥C20 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are physiologically important fatty acids for most animals, including humans. Although most LC-PUFA production occurs in aquatic primary producers such as microalgae, recent research indicates the ability of certain groups of (mainly marine) invertebrates for endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis and/or bioconversion from dietary precursors. The genetic pathways for and mechanisms behind LC-PUFA biosynthesis remain unknown in many invertebrates to date, especially in non-model species. However, the numerous genomic and transcriptomic resources currently available can contribute to our knowledge of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic capabilities of metazoans. Within our previously generated transcriptome of the benthic harpacticoid copepod Platychelipus littoralis, we detected expression of one methyl-end desaturase, one front-end desaturase, and seven elongases, key enzymes responsible for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. To demonstrate their functionality, we characterized eight of them using heterologous expression in yeast. The P. littoralis methyl-end desaturase has Δ15/17/19 desaturation activity, enabling biosynthesis of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 18:2 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and 22:5 n-6, respectively. Its front-end desaturase has Δ4 desaturation activity from 22:5 n-3 to DHA, implying that P. littoralis has multiple pathways to produce this physiologically important fatty acid. All studied P. littoralis elongases possess varying degrees of elongation activity for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, producing aliphatic hydrocarbon chains with lengths of up to 30 carbons. Our investigation revealed a functionally diverse range of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in copepods, which highlights the need to scrutinize the role that primary consumers could perform in providing essential nutrients to upper trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Boyen
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Annelien Rigaux
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.,Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Fonseca VF, Duarte IA, Feijão E, Matos AR, Duarte B. Fatty acid-based index development in estuarine organisms to pinpoint environmental contamination. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113805. [PMID: 35665652 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries have long been preferred areas of human settlement, where multiple anthropogenic activities take place, which have contributed to a significant decrease in environmental quality of these ecosystems. Accordingly, environmental monitoring and management have long relied on the development of tools that summarize and simplify complex information and provide direct interpretation of quality status. Here, the fatty acid profiles of three abundant estuarine species, namely Hediste diversicolor, Carcinus maenas and Pomatoschistus microps, were used to develop and validate a multimetric index, based on the Euclidean dissimilarities of profiles between sites, in response to contamination gradient in a large urban estuary. Spatial differences were generally related to unsaturated fatty acids (mono- and polyunsaturated, of the n-3 and n-6 series) in all species, albeit more pronounced in P. microps. Multivariate models returned high classification accuracies for the three sampled sites, varying from 73.3% in the invertebrate species to 100.0% in the fish species. Results show the applicability of the developed FA-based index, particularly due to the easy of communication, for managers and the public alike, but also highlight the need for prior validation on species suitability or sensitivity to depict environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Feijão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems and Applied Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Hagemann A, Valente L, Malzahn AM, Monroig Ó, Froufe E, Castro LFC. Complete mitochondrial genome of the ragworm annelid Hediste diversicolor (of Müller, 1776) (Annelida: Nereididae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:2849-2851. [PMID: 34514151 PMCID: PMC8428267 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1970644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine annelids are a globally distributed and species-rich group, performing important ecological roles in macrobenthic communities. Yet, the availability of molecular resources to study these organisms is scarcer, comparatively with other phyla. Here, we present the first complete mitogenome of the Atlantic ragworm Hediste diversicolor (OF Muller, 1776). The mitogenome (15,904 bp long) contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, and two ribosomal RNA genes, all encoded in the same strand. Gene arrangement and composition are identical to those observed in two available congeneric species, Hediste diadroma and Hediste japonica. The phylogenetic analysis using both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods reveal a well-supported monophyly of genus Hediste and the already reported paraphyletic relationships within the subfamilies Nereidinae and Gymnonereidinae. Our results highlight the relevance of increasing the molecular sampling within this diverse group of marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gomes-Dos-Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Luísa Valente
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arne M Malzahn
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Elsa Froufe
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Kowarik C, Martin-Creuzburg D, Robinson CT. Cross-Ecosystem Linkages: Transfer of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Streams to Riparian Spiders via Emergent Insects. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.707570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential resources unequally distributed throughout landscapes. Certain PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are common in aquatic but scarce in terrestrial ecosystems. In environments with low PUFA availability, meeting nutritional needs requires either adaptations in metabolism to PUFA-poor resources or selective foraging for PUFA-rich resources. Amphibiotic organisms that emerge from aquatic ecosystems represent important resources that can be exploited by predators in adjacent terrestrial habitats. Here, we traced PUFA transfer from streams to terrestrial ecosystems, considering benthic algae as the initial PUFA source, through emergent aquatic insects to riparian spiders. We combined carbon stable isotope and fatty acid analyses to follow food web linkages across the ecosystem boundary and investigated the influence of spider lifestyle (web building vs. ground dwelling), season, and ecosystem degradation on PUFA relations. Our data revealed that riparian spiders consumed considerable amounts of aquatic-derived resources. EPA represented on average 15 % of the total fatty acids in riparian spiders. Season had a strong influence on spider PUFA profiles, with highest EPA contents in spring. Isotope data revealed that web-building spiders contain more aquatic-derived carbon than ground dwelling spiders in spring, although both spider types had similarly high EPA levels. Comparing a natural with an anthropogenically degraded fluvial system revealed higher stearidonic acid (SDA) contents and Σω3/Σω6 ratios in spiders collected along the more natural river in spring but no difference in spider EPA content between systems. PUFA profiles of riparian spiders where distinct from other terrestrial organism and more closely resembled that of emergent aquatic insects (higher Σω3/Σω6 ratio). We show here that the extent to which riparian spiders draw on aquatic PUFA subsidies can vary seasonally and depends on the spider’s lifestyle, highlighting the complexity of aquatic-terrestrial linkages.
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9
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Twining CW, Bernhardt JR, Derry AM, Hudson CM, Ishikawa A, Kabeya N, Kainz MJ, Kitano J, Kowarik C, Ladd SN, Leal MC, Scharnweber K, Shipley JR, Matthews B. The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation: Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1709-1731. [PMID: 34114320 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W Twining
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz-Egg, Germany
| | - Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alison M Derry
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystems Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Carmen Kowarik
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel C Leal
- ECOMARE and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jeremy R Shipley
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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10
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Kabeya N, Ogino M, Ushio H, Haga Y, Satoh S, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó. A complete enzymatic capacity for biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6n-3) exists in the marine Harpacticoida copepod Tigriopus californicus. Open Biol 2021; 11:200402. [PMID: 33906414 PMCID: PMC8080000 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-standing paradigm establishing that global production of Omega-3 (n–3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) derived almost exclusively from marine single-cell organisms, was recently challenged by the discovery that multiple invertebrates possess methyl-end (or ωx) desaturases, critical enzymes enabling the biosynthesis of n–3 LC-PUFA. However, the question of whether animals with ωx desaturases have complete n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways and hence can contribute to the production of these compounds in marine ecosystems remained unanswered. In the present study, we investigated the complete enzymatic complement involved in the n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Tigriopus californicus, an intertidal harpacticoid copepod. A total of two ωx desaturases, five front-end desaturases and six fatty acyl elongases were successfully isolated and functionally characterized. The T. californicus ωx desaturases enable the de novo biosynthesis of C18 PUFA such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids, as well as several n–3 LC-PUFA from n–6 substrates. Functions demonstrated in front-end desaturases and fatty acyl elongases unveiled various routes through which T. californicus can biosynthesize the physiologically important arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Moreover, T. californicus possess a Δ4 desaturase, enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid via the ‘Δ4 pathway’. In conclusion, harpacticoid copepods such as T. californicus have complete n–3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways and such capacity illustrates major roles of these invertebrates in the provision of essential fatty acids to upper trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Ogino
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushio
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Haga
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Satoh
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
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11
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Galloway AWE, Budge SM. The critical importance of experimentation in biomarker-based trophic ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190638. [PMID: 32536303 PMCID: PMC7333966 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are commonly used as biomarkers for making inferences about trophic relationships in aquatic and soil food webs. However, researchers are often unaware of the physiological constraints within organisms on the trophic transfer and modification of dietary biomarkers in consumers. Fatty acids are bioactive molecules, which have diverse structures and functions that both complicate and enhance their value as trophic tracers. For instance, consumers may synthesize confounding non-dietary sourced markers from precursor molecules, and environmental conditions also affect fatty acid composition. There is a vital need for more research on the uptake and transfer of trophic biomarkers in individual organisms in order to advance the field and make meaningful use of these tools at the scale of populations or ecosystems. This special issue is focused on controlled feeding experiments on a diverse taxonomic breadth of model consumers from freshwater, marine and soil ecosystems with a goal of creating a more integrated understanding of the connection between consumer physiology and trophic ecology. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. E. Galloway
- Department of Biology, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Budge
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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