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Savistchenko J, Arellano-Anaya ZE, Andréoletti O, Vilette D. Mammalian prions: tracking the infectious entities. Prion 2011; 5:84-7. [PMID: 21597318 DOI: 10.4161/pri.5.2.16096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding is central to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. Among these disorders, prion diseases are unique because they are transmissible. The conversion of the host-encoded GPI-anchored PrP protein into a structurally altered form is crucially associated with the infectious and neurotoxic properties of the resulting abnormal PrP. Many lines of evidence indicate that distinct aggregated forms with different size and protease resistance are produced during prion multiplication. The recent isolation of various subsets of abnormal PrP, along with the improved biochemical tools and infectivity detection assays have shed light on the diversity of abnormal PrP protein and may give insights into the features of the more infectious subsets of abnormal PrP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Savistchenko
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
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Anaya ZEA, Savistchenko J, Massonneau V, Lacroux C, Andréoletti O, Vilette D. Recovery of small infectious PrP(res) aggregates from prion-infected cultured cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8141-8148. [PMID: 21212268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.165233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are characterized by deposits of abnormal conformers of the PrP protein. Although large aggregates of proteinase K-resistant PrP (PrP(res)) are infectious, the precise relationships between aggregation state and infectivity remain to be established. In this study, we have fractionated detergent lysates from prion-infected cultured cells by differential ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration and have characterized a previously unnoticed PrP species. This abnormal form is resistant to proteinase K digestion but, in contrast to typical aggregated PrP(res), remains in the soluble fraction at intermediate centrifugal forces and is not retained by filters of 300-kDa cutoff. Cell-based assay and inoculation to animals demonstrate that these entities are infectious. The finding that cell-derived small infectious PrP(res) aggregates can be recovered in the absence of strong in vitro denaturating treatments now gives a biological basis for investigating the role of small PrP aggregates in the pathogenicity and/or the multiplication cycle of prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira E Arellano Anaya
- From the Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte Recherche 1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Jimmy Savistchenko
- From the Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte Recherche 1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Massonneau
- From the Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte Recherche 1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Lacroux
- From the Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte Recherche 1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- From the Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte Recherche 1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Vilette
- From the Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte Recherche 1225, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, Université Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F31076 Toulouse, France.
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Polymenidou M, Verghese-Nikolakaki S, Groschup M, Chaplin MJ, Stack MJ, Plaitakis A, Sklaviadis T. A short purification process for quantitative isolation of PrPSc from naturally occurring and experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. BMC Infect Dis 2002; 2:23. [PMID: 12370086 PMCID: PMC134455 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2002] [Accepted: 10/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. They are associated with post-translational conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a heat- and protease-resistant abnormal isoform (PrPSc). Detection of PrPSc in individuals is widely utilized for the diagnosis of prion diseases. METHODS TSE brain tissue samples have been processed in order to quantitatively isolate PrPSc. The protocol includes an initial homogenization, digestion with proteinase K and salt precipitation. RESULTS Here we show that over 97 percent of the PrPSc present can be precipitated from infected brain material using this simple salting-out procedure for proteins. No chemically harsh conditions are used during the process in order to conserve the native quality of the isolated protein. CONCLUSION The resulting PrPSc-enriched preparation should provide a suitable substrate for analyzing the structure of the prion agent and for scavenging for other molecules with which it may associate. In comparison with most methods that exist today, the one described in this study is rapid, cost-effective and does not demand expensive laboratory equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Polymenidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical sciences School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Susan Verghese-Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical sciences School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Martin Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Boddenblick 5a17498 Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Plaitakis
- Department of Neurology, University of Crete, School of Health Sciences, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Theodoros Sklaviadis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical sciences School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Andréoletti O, Lacroux C, Chabert A, Monnereau L, Tabouret G, Lantier F, Berthon P, Eychenne F, Lafond-Benestad S, Elsen JM, Schelcher F. PrP(Sc) accumulation in placentas of ewes exposed to natural scrapie: influence of foetal PrP genotype and effect on ewe-to-lamb transmission. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2607-2616. [PMID: 12237445 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentas from scrapie-affected ewes are known to be infectious. Nevertheless, placenta infectivity in such ewes is not systematic. Maternal transmission to lambs is highly suspected but contamination of the foetus in utero has not been demonstrated. Using ewes from a naturally scrapie-infected flock, it was demonstrated that abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) accumulation in the placenta (i) is controlled by polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of the foetal PrP gene and (ii) is restricted mainly to placentome foetal trophoblastic cells. In order to go deeper into the role of the placenta in scrapie transmission, the pattern of PrP(Sc) dissemination was established in susceptible lambs (genotype VRQ/VRQ) sampled from 140 days post-insemination to the age of 4 months from either VRQ/VRQ ewes with PrP(Sc)-positive placentas or ARR/VRQ ewes with PrP(Sc)-negative placentas. In both VRQ/VRQ lamb groups, PrP(Sc) spatial and temporal accumulation patterns were similar, suggesting post-natal rather than in utero contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Caroline Lacroux
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Armelle Chabert
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Laurent Monnereau
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Guillaume Tabouret
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
| | - Frédéric Lantier
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Nouzilly, France2
| | - Patricia Berthon
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Nouzilly, France2
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Elsen
- INRA, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Auzeville, France5
| | - François Schelcher
- UMR 959 INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France1
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Andréoletti O, Berthon P, Marc D, Sarradin P, Grosclaude J, van Keulen L, Schelcher F, Elsen JM, Lantier F. Early accumulation of PrP(Sc) in gut-associated lymphoid and nervous tissues of susceptible sheep from a Romanov flock with natural scrapie. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:3115-3126. [PMID: 11086143 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-12-3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is known to be involved in the early phase of scrapie pathogenesis. However, the infection route of naturally occurring scrapie and its spread within the host are not entirely known. In this study, the pathogenesis of scrapie was investigated in sheep of three PrP genotypes, from 2 to 9 months of age, which were born and raised together in a naturally scrapie-affected Romanov flock. The kinetics of PrP(Sc) accumulation in sheep organs were determined by immunohistochemistry. PrP(Sc) was detected only in susceptible VRQ/VRQ sheep, from 2 months of age, with an apparent entry site at the ileal Peyer's patch as well as its draining mesenteric lymph node. At the cellular level, PrP(Sc) deposits were associated with CD68-positive cells of the dome area and B follicles before being detected in follicular dendritic cells. In 3- to 6-month-old sheep, PrP(Sc) was detected in most of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and to a lesser extent in more systemic lymphoid formations such as the spleen or the mediastinal lymph node. All secondary lymphoid organs showed a similar intensity of PrP(Sc)-immunolabelling at 9 months of age. At this time-point, PrP(Sc) was also detected in the autonomic myenteric nervous plexus and in the nucleus parasympathicus nervi X of the brain stem. These data suggest that natural scrapie infection occurs by the oral route via infection of the Peyer's patches followed by replication in the GALT. It may then spread to the central nervous system through the autonomic nervous fibres innervating the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France1
| | - Patricia Berthon
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
| | - Daniel Marc
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
| | - Pierre Sarradin
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
| | | | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Immunology, Pathobiology and Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-Lelystad), Lelystad, The Netherlands4
| | - François Schelcher
- UMR INRA-ENVT, Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France1
| | - Jean-Michel Elsen
- INRA, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Auzeville, France5
| | - Frédéric Lantier
- INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, F-37380 Nouzilly, France2
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