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Rivas-Cañedo A, Martínez-Onandi N, Gaya P, Nuñez M, Picon A. Effect of high-pressure processing and chemical composition on lipid oxidation, aminopeptidase activity and free amino acids of Serrano dry-cured ham. Meat Sci 2020; 172:108349. [PMID: 33120177 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation and proteolysis are essential processes in Serrano dry-cured ham quality. The influence of high pressure processing (HPP) at 600 MPa for 6 min on lipid oxidation, aminopeptidase (AP) activities and free amino acids (FAA) in ripened Serrano hams of different chemical composition after 5 months at 4 °C were studied. HPP increased lipid peroxidation indexes. Composition influenced both indexes, with higher levels in hams of medium or high intramuscular fat (IMF) content and in hams of low or medium salt content or salt-in-lean ratio. HPP lowered AP activities by more than 50%. Composition also affected AP activities, with lower levels in hams of low aw, high IMF content, low salt content or low salt-in-lean ratio. At the end of refrigerated storage, HPP only affected Arg and Tyr levels. Many of the individual FAA reached higher levels in hams of low aw, medium or high IMF content, low or medium salt content, or low or medium salt-in-lean ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivas-Cañedo
- INIA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Martínez-Onandi
- INIA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- INIA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Nuñez
- INIA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Picon
- INIA, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Vernet E, Pedersen MØ, Thøgersen H, Shaw AC. Engineering Xaa-Pro dipeptidyl aminopeptidase for specific cleavage of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 from fusion proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 170:105590. [PMID: 32007557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal extensions ("tags") have proven valuable for producing peptides using high throughput recombinant expression technologies. However, the applicability is hampered by the limited options for specific and efficient proteases to release the fully native sequence without additional amino acids in the N-terminal. Here we describe the Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression, purification and characterization of engineered variants of Xaa-Pro dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (Xaa-Pro-DAP) derived from Lactococcus lactis for cleavage of Gly-Pro dipeptide extension in the N-terminal of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1(7-37)). By single amino acid substitution in the Xaa-Pro-DAP protease, significantly higher product yields were achieved. The combination of HRV14 3C protease and engineered Xaa-Pro-DAP is suggested for obtaining native N-terminal of peptides.
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3
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Isolation and characterization of peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitory activity from natto using DPPIV from Aspergillus oryzae. Food Chem 2018; 261:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Nguyen DD, Busetti F, Johnson SK, Solah VA. Degradation of β-casomorphins and identification of degradation products during yoghurt processing using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2018; 106:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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AYTEKİN Ö, DELİLOĞLU GÜRHAN Sİ, OHURA K, IMAI T, ÖNGEN G. Production of recombinant human dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Sf9cells in microbial fermenters. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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6
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Miyabe R, Takahashi Y, Matsufuji H, Ogihara J, Itou K, Kawai Y, Masuda T, Suzuki K, Oda M. Purification and Partial Characterization of an X-prolyl-dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus gasseri ME-284. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Miyabe
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Yuto Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | | | - Jun Ogihara
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Kentarou Itou
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
- Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co
| | - Yasushi Kawai
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Tetsuya Masuda
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Munehiro Oda
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University
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7
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Production, active staining and gas chromatography assay analysis of recombinant aminopeptidase P from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis DSM 20481. AMB Express 2012; 2:39. [PMID: 22853547 PMCID: PMC3418211 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminopeptidase P (PepP, EC 3.4.11.9) gene from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis DSM 20481 was cloned, sequenced and expressed recombinantly in E. coli BL21 (DE3) for the first time. PepP is involved in the hydrolysis of proline-rich proteins and, thus, is important for the debittering of protein hydrolysates. For accurate determination of PepP activity, a novel gas chromatographic assay was established. The release of L-leucine during the hydrolysis of L-leucine-L-proline-L-proline (LPP) was examined for determination of PepP activity. Sufficient recombinant PepP production was achieved via bioreactor cultivation at 16 °C, resulting in PepP activity of 90 μkatLPP Lculture-1. After automated chromatographic purification by His-tag affinity chromatography followed by desalting, PepP activity of 73.8 μkatLPP Lculture-1 was achieved. This was approximately 700-fold higher compared to the purified native PepP produced by Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis NCDO 763 as described in literature. The molecular weight of PepP was estimated to be ~ 40 kDa via native-PAGE together with a newly developed activity staining method and by SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were determined for PepP using three different tripeptide substrates. The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum between 7.0 and 7.5, was most active between 50°C and 60°C and exhibited reasonable stability at 0°C, 20°C and 37°C over 15 days. PepP activity could be increased 6-fold using 8.92 mM MnCl2 and was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA.
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Production and separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Lactococcus lactis: scale up for industrial production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1417-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Influence of fermentation temperature and autolysis on ACE-inhibitory activity and peptide profiles of milk fermented by selected strains of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactococcus lactis. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Pérez-Guzmán AE, Victoria TCY, Cruz-Camarillo R, Hernández-Sánchez H. Purification and characterization of x-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris NRRL 634. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Gallo G, Angelis MD, McSweeney PL, Corbo MR, Gobbetti M. Partial purification and characterization of an X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis CB1. Food Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tanskul S, Oda K, Oyama H, Noparatnaraporn N, Tsunemi M, Takada K. Substrate specificity of alkaline serine proteinase isolated from photosynthetic bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus KDDS1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 309:547-51. [PMID: 12963024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) combinatorial libraries were used for the characterization of alkaline serine proteinase produced from Rubrivivax gelatinosus KDDS1. This enzyme was the first serine proteinase characterized from photosynthetic bacteria. The proteinase was found to prefer Met and Phe at the P1 position, Ile and Lys at the P2 position, and Arg and Phe at the P3 position. To date, no serine proteinase has exhibited a preference for Met at the P1 position. Thus, the alkaline serine proteinase from R. gelatinosus KDDS1 is very unique in terms of substrate specificity. A highly sensitive substrate, Boc-Arg-Ile-Met-MCA, was synthesized for kinetic study based on the results reported here. The optimum pH of the enzyme for this substrate was pH 10.7, and the values of kcat, Km, and kcat/Km were 23.7 s(-1), 15.4 microM, and 1.54 microM(-1) s(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somporn Tanskul
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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14
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Walker ND, McEwan NR, Wallace RJ. Cloning and functional expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from the ruminal bacterium Prevotella albensis M384(T). MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2003; 149:2227-2234. [PMID: 12904562 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal bacteria of the genus Prevotella play a crucial role in peptide breakdown in the rumen, a component of protein catabolism that leads to the inefficient use of dietary protein by ruminant animals. This is the first report of the cloning of a peptidase gene from a ruminal bacterium. Part of the dipeptidyl peptidase type IV (DPP-IV) gene from Prevotella albensis M384(T) was cloned using degenerate primers designed from conserved regions found within other known DPP-IV sequences. Flanking regions were determined by genomic walking. The DPP-IV gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The cloned enzyme required a free N terminus and catalysed the removal of X-Pro dipeptide from proline-containing oligopeptides, where proline was the second residue from the N terminus. It was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors and the substrate analogue for mammalian DPP-IV, diprotin A. The properties of the cloned enzyme were similar to those of the native form in P. albensis and, in general, DPP-IVs from other organisms. The enzyme contained a conserved motif which is associated with the S9 class of prolyl oligopeptidases. The DPP-IV gene appeared not to be part of a contiguous operon. Regions with similarity to other putative promoters of Prevotella spp. were also identified. Construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the DPP-IV of P. albensis clusters with other DPP-IVs found in bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroidaceae (CFB) phylum, which are more closely related to eukaryotic DPP-IVs than the DPP-IV-like enzyme (PepX) of the lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil R McEwan
- Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
| | - R John Wallace
- Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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15
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Purification and partial characterisation of X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase of Lactobacillus helveticus ITG LH1. Int Dairy J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(03)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Koreeda Y, Hayakawa M, Ikemi T, Abiko Y. Isolation and characterisation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Prevotella loescheii ATCC 15930. Arch Oral Biol 2001; 46:759-66. [PMID: 11389867 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5), was purified from a cell sonicate soluble fraction of Prevotella loescheii ATCC 15930 by sequential column chromatography. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated as 160 kDa by high-pressure liquid gel filtration column chromatography and unheated sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The subunit molecular mass was 80 kDa when the enzyme was heated to 100 degrees C in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol before SDS-PAGE, suggesting that the native enzyme consists of two identical subunits and is folded in 2% SDS. The optimum pH, with glycyl-prolyl-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide as the substrate, was 8.0; the isoelectric point was 5.2. Purified enzyme showed a strong preference for dipeptide substrates containing proline and, less efficiently, alanine in the P1 position. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Hg(2+), Co(2+), and serine proteinase inhibitor di-isopropylfluorophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Koreeda
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 271-8587, Chiba, Japan
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17
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Cowman RA, Baron SS. Pathway for uptake and degradation of X-prolyl tripeptides in Streptococcus mutans VA-29R and Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556. J Dent Res 1997; 76:1477-84. [PMID: 9240384 DOI: 10.1177/00220345970760081001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in the oral environment requires that these micro-organisms be able to degrade salivary proteins and to assimilate the resulting peptides as an amino nitrogen source. Our research is aimed at the definition of the proteolytic enzyme systems in these oral streptococci which allow them to utilize such substrates. In the present work, the nature of the hydrolytic activity expressed by S. mutans VA-29R and S. sanguis ATCC 10556 against X-Pro4-nitroanilide and X-Pro-Y tripeptide substrates was investigated. This activity was predominantly associated with a cytoplasmic dipeptidyl peptidase which preferentially catalyzes the release of an N-terminal dipeptide from substrates in which proline is the penultimate residue. These streptococci also possess a second cytoplasmic peptidase, pepD, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of X-Pro dipeptides. We found that Gly-Pro-Ala or Ala-Pro-Gly were transported into the bacterial cells only when an energy source such as glucose was present. Peptide uptake was time-dependent, and selective exodus of peptide-derived amino acids from the bacterial cells occurred during peptide uptake. Results from these studies provide evidence that S. mutans VA-29R and S. sanguis ATCC 10556 possess a pathway for the complete degradation of X-Pro tripeptides. Transport of the peptides into cells prior to hydrolysis provides an efficient way by which all amino acids of a peptide may be obtained at an energy expense equivalent to that associated with the transport of just one amino acid. In light of the abundance of proline in salivary polypeptides, this degradative pathway could be an important component in the proteolytic pathway for salivary polypeptide utilization in these oral streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Cowman
- Dental Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
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Tsakalidou E, Anastasiou R, Papadimitriou K, Manolopoulou E, Kalantzopoulos G. Purification and characterisation of an intracellular X-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 4. J Biotechnol 1997; 59:203-11. [PMID: 9519481 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(97)00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An intracellular X-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Streptococcus thermophilus ACA-DC 4, isolated from traditional Greek yoghurt, was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. A single band of molecular weight of about 80,000 appeared in SDS-PAGE; by gel filtration it was shown that the native enzyme was dimeric. The peptidase showed optimum activity on glycyl-prolyl 4-nitroanilide at pH 7.0 and at 50 degrees C, with K(m) = 3.1 mM and Vmax = 3500 U mg-1; over 50 degrees C the enzyme activity declined rapidly. It was inactivated by PMSF; sulfhydryl group reagents and metal chelators had little effect on enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsakalidou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.
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20
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Fernández-Esplá M, Fox P. Purification and characterization of X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Propionibacterium shermanii NCDO 853. Int Dairy J 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(96)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Kunji ER, Mierau I, Hagting A, Poolman B, Konings WN. The proteolytic systems of lactic acid bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1996; 70:187-221. [PMID: 8879407 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis in dairy lactic acid bacteria has been studied in great detail by genetic, biochemical and ultrastructural methods. From these studies the picture emerges that the proteolytic systems of lactococci and lactobacilli are remarkably similar in their components and mode of action. The proteolytic system consists of an extracellularly located serine-proteinase, transport systems specific for di-tripeptides and oligopeptides (> 3 residues), and a multitude of intracellular peptidases. This review describes the properties and regulation of individual components as well as studies that have led to identification of their cellular localization. Targeted mutational techniques developed in recent years have made it possible to investigate the role of individual and combinations of enzymes in vivo. Based on these results as well as in vitro studies of the enzymes and transporters, a model for the proteolytic pathway is proposed. The main features are: (i) proteinases have a broad specificity and are capable of releasing a large number of different oligopeptides, of which a large fraction falls in the range of 4 to 8 amino acid residues; (ii) oligopeptide transport is the main route for nitrogen entry into the cell; (iii) all peptidases are located intracellularly and concerted action of peptidases is required for complete degradation of accumulated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Kunji
- Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Aminopeptidases are exopeptidases that selectively release N-terminal amino acid residues from polypeptides and proteins. Bacteria display several aminopeptidasic activities which may be localised in the cytoplasm, on membranes, associated with the cell envelope or secreted into the extracellular media. Studies on the bacterial aminopeptide system have been carried out over the past three decades and are significant in fundamental and biotechnological domains. At present, about one hundred bacterial aminopeptidases have been purified and biochemically studied. About forty genes encoding aminopeptidases have also been cloned and characterised. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of two aminopeptidases, the methionine aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli and the leucine aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica, have been elucidated by crystallographic studies. Most of the quoted studies demonstrate that bacterial aminopeptidases generally show Michaelis-Menten kinetics and can be placed into either of two categories based on their substrate specificity: broad or narrow. These enzymes can also be classified by another criterium based on their catalytic mechanism: metallo-, cysteine- and serine-aminopeptidases, the former type being predominant in bacteria. Aminopeptidases play a role in several important physiological processes. It is noteworthy that some of them take part in the catabolism of exogenously supplied peptides and are necessary for the final steps of protein turnover. In addition, they are involved in some specific functions, such as the cleavage of N-terminal methionine from newly synthesised peptide chains (methionine aminopeptidases), the stabilisation of multicopy ColE1 based plasmids (aminopeptidase A) and the pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase (Pcp) present in many bacteria and responsible for the cleavage of the N-terminal pyroglutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gonzales
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Microorganismes et des Interactions Cellulaires, C.N.R.S. UMR 5577, Bâtiment, Villeurbanne, France
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Fox PF, O'Connor TP, McSweeney PL, Guinee TP, O'Brien NM. Cheese: physical, biochemical, and nutritional aspects. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 1996; 39:163-328. [PMID: 8794552 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(08)60075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P F Fox
- Department of Food Chemistry, University College, Cork, Ireland
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Mars I, Monnet V. An aminopeptidase P from Lactococcus lactis with original specificity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1243:209-15. [PMID: 7873564 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)00028-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An aminopeptidase P (E.C. 3.4.11.9) that cleaves the Arg-1-Pro-2 bond of bradykinin has been isolated for the first time from Lactococcus lactis. The peptidase was purified to homogeneity in a 3-step procedure and characterized. It is a monomeric metalloenzyme with a 43 kDa molecular mass, activated by Mn2+ and inhibited by DTT. It differs from the majority of aminopeptidases P already described by displaying a specificity for X-Pro-Pro N-terminal and probably an extended binding site that could accommodate amino acid residues beyond the P'2 position of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mars
- Station de Recherches Laitières, I.N.R.A., Jouy en Josas, France
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26
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Andersen H, Østdal H, Blom H. Partial purification and characterisation of a lipase from Lactobacillus plantarum MF32. Food Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0308-8146(95)99829-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Bockelmann W. The proteolytic system of starter and non-starter bacteria: Components and their importance for cheese ripening. Int Dairy J 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(95)00041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Fox PF, Singh TK, McSweeney PL. Biogenesis of flavour compounds in cheese. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 367:59-98. [PMID: 7572380 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1913-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P F Fox
- Department of Food Chemistry, University College, Cork, Ireland
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Habibi-Najafi MB, Lee BH. Purification and characterization of X-prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase from Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei LLG. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 42:280-6. [PMID: 7765768 DOI: 10.1007/bf00902729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
X-Prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase, which hydrolysed X-Pro-Y almost specifically, has been purified to homogeneity from crude cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei LLG using fast protein liquid chromatography equipped with preparative and analytical anion exchange columns. The enzyme was purified to 274-fold by ammonium sulphate fractionation, and by two successive ion-exchange chromatographies with a recovery of 34%. The purified enzyme appeared as a single band on both native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-PAGE and had a molecular mass of 79 kDa. The pH and the temperature optima by the purified enzyme were 7.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively. X-PDP was a serine-dependent enzyme, as both diisopropylfluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride caused complete inhibition of the enzyme activity. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) values were 0.2 mM and 43 mM per milligram, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Habibi-Najafi
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University Ste-Anne-de Bellevue PQ, Canada
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Midwinter RG, Pritchard GG. Aminopeptidase N from Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus NCDO 573: purification and properties. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1994; 77:288-95. [PMID: 7989254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A 96 kDa aminopeptidase was purified from Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus NCDO 573. The enzyme had similar properties to aminopeptidases isolated from lactococci and lactobacilli and showed a high degree of N-terminal amino acid sequence homology to aminopeptidase N from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. It catalysed the hydrolysis of a range of aminoacyl 4-nitroanilides and 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin derivatives, dipeptides, tripeptides and oligopeptides. In common with aminopeptidases from other lactic acid bacteria, the enzyme from Strep. salivarius subsp. thermophilus showed highest activity with lysyl derivatives but was also very active with arginyl and leucyl derivatives. Relative activity with alanyl, phenylalanyl, tyrosyl, seryl and valyl derivatives was considerably lower and with glycyl, glutamyl and prolyl derivatives almost negligible. The aminopeptidase also catalysed the hydrolysis of dipeptides and tripeptides but mostly at rates much less than that with L-lysyl-4-nitroanilide and oligopeptides. The enzyme catalysed the successive hydrolysis of various amino acid residues from the N-terminus of several oligopeptides but it was unable to cleave peptide bonds on the N-terminal side of a proline residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Midwinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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31
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Crow VL, Holland R, Pritchard GG, Coolbear T. The diversity of potential cheese ripening characteristics of lactic acid starter bacteria: 2. The levels and subcellular distributions of peptidase and esterase activities. Int Dairy J 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(94)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Wohlrab Y, Bockelmann W. Purification and characterization of a new aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B14. Int Dairy J 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(94)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Pritchard GG, Coolbear T. The physiology and biochemistry of the proteolytic system in lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1993; 12:179-206. [PMID: 8398214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of lactic acid bacteria to synthesize many of the amino acids required for protein synthesis necessitates the active functioning of a proteolytic system in those environments where protein constitutes the main nitrogen source. Biochemical and genetic analysis of the pathway by which exogenous proteins supply essential amino acids for growth has been one of the most actively investigated aspects of the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria especially in those species which are of importance in the dairy industry, such as the lactococci. Much information has now been accumulated on individual components of the proteolytic pathway in lactococci, namely, the cell envelope proteinase(s), a range of peptidases and the amino acid and peptide transport systems of the cell membrane. Possible models of the proteolytic system in lactococci can be proposed but there are still many unresolved questions concerning the operation of the pathway in vivo. This review will examine current knowledge and outstanding problems regarding the proteolytic system in lactococci and also the extent to which the lactococcal system provides a model for understanding proteolysis in other groups of lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Pritchard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Tan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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35
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Butler MJ, Bergeron A, Soostmeyer G, Zimny T, Malek LT. Cloning and characterisation of an aminopeptidase P-encoding gene from Streptomyces lividans. Gene 1993; 123:115-9. [PMID: 8422994 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90549-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An aminopeptidase P (PepP)-encoding gene has been cloned from Streptomyces lividans 66 by screening for overexpression of activity using the chromogenic substrate Gly-Pro-beta-naphthylamide as a liquid overlayer on colonies growing on agar medium. The pepP gene was localised by deletion mapping, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to display significant similarity to Escherichia coli PepP. The partially purified S. lividans enzyme had a 50-kDa subunit and was present as a homodimer. Direct Edman degradation of the purified protein confirmed that pepP encoded the observed intracellular PepP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Butler
- Cangene Corporation, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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36
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37
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Purification and characterization of a second aminopeptidase (pepC-like) from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B14. Int Dairy J 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(93)90083-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Crow VL, Coolbear T, Holland R, Pritchard GG, Martley FG. Starters as finishers: Starter properties relevant to cheese ripening. Int Dairy J 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(93)90026-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Chich JF, Chapot-Chartier MP, Ribadeau-Dumas B, Gripon JC. Identification of the active site serine of the X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis. FEBS Lett 1992; 314:139-42. [PMID: 1459244 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80960-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The active site serine of the X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactococcus lactis (PepX) was identified. The enzyme was labeled by [3H]DFP, treated by CNBr and the resulting peptides were separated by reverse-phase-HPLC. The main radiolabeled peptide was sequenced. Ser-348, in the following sequence, Gly-Lys-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Gly, was identified as the active site serine. A sequence comparison between the active site of PepX and other serine proteases was made, showing only limited sequence homologies in this area. The consensus sequence surrounding the active site serine in the three known X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidases (mammalian DPPIV, yeast DPAB and PepX) is G-X-S-Y-X-G, where X is a non-conserved amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Chich
- Unité Protéines, Station de Recherches Laitières, INRA 78352, Jouy-en Josas, France
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40
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el Abboudi M, el Soda M, Pandian S, Simard RE, Olson NF. Purification of X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus casei subspecies. Int J Food Microbiol 1992; 15:87-98. [PMID: 1622762 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(92)90138-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl dipeptidylaminopeptidases from two subspecies of Lactobacillus casei were purified and biochemically characterized. L. casei ssp. casei UL21 (a debittering strain) and L. casei ssp. rhamnosus UL26 (a non-debittering strain) were the source bacteria for this study. Purification of the enzymes from both the sources was effected by a gel filtration step through Sephacryl S-300 followed by ion-exchange chromatography through DEAE Sephacel. This rendered an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme preparation. The purified enzymes from both the sources showed similar temperature optimum (45 degrees C) and pH optimum (7.0). Their activity profiles on various substrates and the nature of inhibition by different inhibitors were also found to be similar, indicating that this enzyme is perhaps not significantly involved in the debittering process during the maturation of cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- M el Abboudi
- Centre de recherche STELA, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Ste-Foy (Québec), Canada
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41
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Bockelmann W, Schulz Y, Teuber M. Purification and characterization of an aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Int Dairy J 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(92)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Wohlrab Y, Bockelmann W. Purification and characterization of a dipeptidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Int Dairy J 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(92)90026-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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