1
|
Li H, Xu H. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to environmental silver and antimicrobial strategies for silver: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118313. [PMID: 38280527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The good antimicrobial properties of silver make it widely used in food, medicine, and environmental applications. However, the release and accumulation of silver-based antimicrobial agents in the environment is increasing with the extensive use of silver-based antimicrobials, and the prevalence of silver-resistant bacteria is increasing. To prevent the emergence of superbugs, it is necessary to exercise rational and strict control over drug use. The mechanism of bacterial resistance to silver has not been fully elucidated, and this article provides a review of the progress of research on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to silver. The results indicate that bacterial resistance to silver can occur through inducing silver particles aggregation and Ag+ reduction, inhibiting silver contact with and entry into cells, efflux of silver particles and Ag+ in cells, and activation of damage repair mechanisms. We propose that the bacterial mechanism of silver resistance involves a combination of interrelated systems. Finally, we discuss how this information can be used to develop the next generation of silver-based antimicrobials and antimicrobial therapies. And some antimicrobial strategies are proposed such as the "Trojan Horse" - camouflage, using efflux pump inhibitors to reduce silver efflux, working with "minesweeper", immobilization of silver particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivankovic T, Turk H, Hrenovic J, Schauperl Z, Ivankovic M, Ressler A. Antibacterial activity of silver doped hydroxyapatite toward multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131867. [PMID: 37331061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii is a persistent issue in hospital-acquired infections due to its fast and potent development of multi-drug resistance. To address this urgent challenge, a novel biomaterial using silver (Ag+) ions within the hydroxyapatite (HAp) lattice has been developed to prevent infections in orthopedic surgery and bone regeneration applications without relying on antibiotics. The aim of the study was to examine the antibacterial activity of mono-substituted HAp with Ag+ ions and a mixture of mono-substituted HAps with Sr2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, SeO32- and Ag+ ions against the A. baumannii. The samples were prepared in the form of powder and disc and analyzed by disc diffusion, broth microdilution method, and scanning electron microscopy. The results from the disc-diffusion method have shown a strong antibacterial efficacy of the Ag-substituted and mixture of mono-substituted HAps (Sr, Zn, Se, Mg, Ag) toward several clinical isolates. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations for the powdered HAp samples ranged from 32 to 42 mg/L (Ag+ substituted) and 83-167 mg/L (mixture of mono-substituted), while the Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations after 24 h of contact ranged from 62.5 (Ag+) to 187.5-292 mg/L (ion mixture). The lower substitution level of Ag+ ions in a mixture of mono-substituted HAps was the cause of lower antibacterial effects measured in suspension. However, the inhibition zones and bacterial adhesion on the biomaterial surface were comparable. Overall, the clinical isolates of A. baumannii were effectively inhibited by substituted HAp samples, probably in the same amount as by other commercially available silver-doped materials, and such materials may provide a promising alternative or supplementation to antibiotic treatment in the prevention of infections associated with bone regeneration. The antibacterial activity of prepared samples toward A. baumannii was time-dependent and should be considered in potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Ivankovic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Helena Turk
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Hrenovic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zdravko Schauperl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marica Ivankovic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Antonia Ressler
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Safain KS, Islam MS, Amatullah J, Mahmud-Un-Nabi MA, Bhuyan GS, Rahman J, Sarker SK, Islam MT, Sultana R, Qadri F, Mannoor K. Prevalence of silver resistance determinants and extended-spectrum β-lactamases in bacterial species causing wound infection: First report from Bangladesh. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101104. [PMID: 36915390 PMCID: PMC10006487 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of silver is rapidly rising in wound care and silver-containing dressings are widely used along with other antibiotics, particularly β-lactams. Consequently, concerns are being raised regarding the emergence of silver-resistance and cross-resistance to β-lactams. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of silver-resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamases in isolates from chronic wounds. Methods 317 wound swab specimens were collected from tertiary hospitals of Dhaka city and analysed for the microbial identification. The antibiotic resistance/susceptibility profiles were determined and phenotypes of silver resistant isolates were examined. The presence of silver-resistance (sil) genes (silE, silP, and silS) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (CTX-M-1, NDM-1, KPC, OXA-48, and VIM-1) were explored in isolated microorganisms. Results A total of 501 strains were isolated with Staphylococcus aureus (24%) as the predominant organism. In 29% of the samples, polymicrobial infections were observed. A large proportion of Enterobacterales (59%) was resistant to carbapenems and a significantly high multiple antibiotic-resistance indexes (>0.2) were seen for 53% of organisms (P < 0.001). According to molecular analysis, the most prevalent types of ESBL and sil gene were CTX-M-1 (47%) and silE (42%), respectively. Furthermore, phenotypic silver-nitrate susceptibility testing showed significant minimum-inhibitory-concentration patterns between sil-negative and sil-positive isolates. We further observed co-occurrence of silver-resistance determinants and ESBLs (65%). Conclusions Notably, this is the first-time detection of silver-resistance along with its co-detection with ESBLs in Bangladesh. This research highlights the need for selecting appropriate treatment strategies and developing new alternative therapies to minimize microbial infection in wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Sarjana Safain
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sazzadul Islam
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jumanah Amatullah
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Al Mahmud-Un-Nabi
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Sarower Bhuyan
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jakia Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suprovath Kumar Sarker
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tarikul Islam
- Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rosy Sultana
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Immunology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Enteric and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kaiissar Mannoor
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McNeilly O, Mann R, Cummins ML, Djordjevic SP, Hamidian M, Gunawan C. Development of Nanoparticle Adaptation Phenomena in Acinetobacter baumannii: Physiological Change and Defense Response. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0285722. [PMID: 36625664 PMCID: PMC9927149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02857-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the evolution of a resistance phenotype to a multitargeting antimicrobial agent, namely, silver nanoparticles (nanosilver; NAg), in the globally prevalent bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. The Gram-negative bacterium has recently been listed as a critical priority pathogen requiring novel treatment options by the World Health Organization. Through prolonged exposure to the important antimicrobial nanoparticle, the bacterium developed mutations in genes that encode the protein subunits of organelle structures that are involved in cell-to-surface attachment as well as in a cell envelope capsular polysaccharide synthesis-related gene. These mutations are potentially correlated with stable physiological changes in the biofilm growth behavior and with an evident protective effect against oxidative stress, most likely as a feature of toxicity defense. We further report a different adaptation response of A. baumannii to the cationic form of silver (Ag+). The bacterium developed a tolerance phenotype to Ag+, which was correlated with an indicative surge in respiratory activity and changes in cell morphology, of which these are reported characteristics of tolerant bacterial populations. The findings regarding adaptation phenomena to NAg highlight the risks of the long-term use of the nanoparticle on a priority pathogen. The findings urge the implementation of strategies to overcome bacterial NAg adaptation, to better elucidate the toxicity mechanisms of the nanoparticle, and preserve the efficacy of the potent alternative antimicrobial agent in this era of antimicrobial resistance. IMPORTANCE Several recent studies have reported on the development of bacterial resistance to broad-spectrum antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (nanosilver; NAg). NAg is currently one of the most important alternative antimicrobial agents. However, no studies have yet established whether Acinetobacter baumannii, a globally prevalent nosocomial pathogen, can develop resistance to the nanoparticle. The study herein describes how a model strain of A. baumannii with no inherent silver resistance determinants developed resistance to NAg, following prolonged exposure. The stable physiological changes are correlated with mutations detected in the bacterium genome. These mutations render the bacterium capable of proliferating at a toxic NAg concentration. It was also found that A. baumannii developed a "slower-to-kill" tolerance trait to Ag+, which highlights the unique antimicrobial activities between the nanoparticulate and the ionic forms of silver. Despite the proven efficacy of NAg, the observation of NAg resistance in A. baumannii emphasises the potential risks of the repeated overuse of this agent on a priority pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McNeilly
- Australian Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Riti Mann
- Australian Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Max Laurence Cummins
- Australian Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- Australian Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehrad Hamidian
- Australian Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- Australian Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krutyakov YA, Khina AG. Bacterial Resistance to Nanosilver: Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Ways to Overcome them. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Das D, Bhattacharyya S, Bhattacharyya M, Mandal P. Green chemistry inspired formation of bioactive stable colloidal nanosilver and its wide-spectrum functionalised properties for sustainable industrial escalation. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Microbial silver resistance mechanisms: recent developments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:158. [PMID: 35821348 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this mini-review, after a brief introduction into the widespread antimicrobial use of silver ions and nanoparticles against bacteria, fungi and viruses, the toxicity of silver compounds and the molecular mechanisms of microbial silver resistance are discussed, including recent studies on bacteria and fungi. The similarities and differences between silver ions and silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents are also mentioned. Regarding bacterial ionic silver resistance, the roles of the sil operon, silver cation efflux proteins, and copper-silver efflux systems are explained. The importance of bacterially produced exopolysaccharides as a physiological (biofilm) defense mechanism against silver nanoparticles is also emphasized. Regarding fungal silver resistance, the roles of metallothioneins, copper-transporting P-type ATPases and cell wall are discussed. Recent evolutionary engineering (adaptive laboratory evolution) studies are also discussed which revealed that silver resistance can evolve rapidly in bacteria and fungi. The cross-resistance observed between silver resistance and resistance to other heavy metals and antibiotics in bacteria and fungi is also explained as a clinically and environmentally important issue. The use of silver against bacterial and fungal biofilm formation is also discussed. Finally, the antiviral effects of silver and the use of silver nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses are mentioned. To conclude, silver compounds are becoming increasingly important as antimicrobial agents, and their widespread use necessitates detailed understanding of microbial silver response and resistance mechanisms, as well as the ecological effects of silver compounds. Figure created with BioRender.com.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Li J, Min C, Xia F, Tang M, Li J, Hu Y, Zou M. Characterization of Silver Resistance and Coexistence of sil Operon with Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Gram-Negative Pathogens Isolated from Wound Samples by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1425-1437. [PMID: 35392367 PMCID: PMC8982571 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s358730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhang Min
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjun Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengli Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mingxiang Zou, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 7384327440, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pareek V, Gupta R, Devineau S, Sivasankaran SK, Bhargava A, Khan MA, Srikumar S, Fanning S, Panwar J. Does Silver in Different Forms Affect Bacterial Susceptibility and Resistance? A Mechanistic Perspective. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:801-817. [PMID: 35073697 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional increase in antibiotic resistance in past decades motivated the scientific community to use silver as a potential antibacterial agent. However, due to its unknown antibacterial mechanism and the pattern of bacterial resistance to silver species, it has not been revolutionized in the health sector. This study deciphers mechanistic aspects of silver species, i.e., ions and lysozyme-coated silver nanoparticles (L-Ag NPs), against E. coli K12 through RNA sequencing analysis. The obtained results support the reservoir nature of nanoparticles for the controlled release of silver ions into bacteria. This study differentiates between the antibacterial mechanism of silver species by discussing the pathway of their entry in bacteria, sequence of events inside cells, and response of bacteria to overcome silver stress. Controlled release of ions from L-Ag NPs not only reduces bacterial growth but also reduces the likelihood of resistance development. Conversely, direct exposure of silver ions, leads to rapid activation of the bacterial defense system leading to development of resistance against silver ions, like the well-known antibiotic resistance problem. These findings provide valuable insight on the mechanism of silver resistance and antibacterial strategies deployed by E. coli K12, which could be a potential target for the generation of aim-based and effective nanoantibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Pareek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rinki Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | | | | | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Mohd Azeem Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Shabrinath Srikumar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Séamus Fanning
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
High Flux and Antifouling Nanofiltration Membrane Modified by Ag@UiO-66-NH2 and Its Application for Biphenol A Removal. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4197365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the specific porous structure which could provide additional passage channel for some molecules, metal organic frameworks are attractive candidates for enhancing permeability and selectivity of membranes in pervaporation, reverse osmosis, and gas separation. In this experiment, Ag@UiO-66-NH2 was introduced into polyamide separation layer by interfacial polymerization of triethylenetetramine and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid chloride for nanofiltration. The results indicated that Ag@UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles did endow the membranes with rapid diffusion pathways for water molecules. When the content of Ag@UiO-66-NH2 was 0.03 g, the prepared membrane (NF-Ag-3) showed high flux about 47.3 L·m-2·h-1 at 0.6 MPa, which is about 2-fold higher than that of polyamide membrane without Ag@UiO-66-NH2, while the MgSO4 rejection rate remained about 87.4%. The membrane also showed excellent antifouling properties, and the water flux recovery ratio was 95.6% after filtration BSA solution. When it was applied for 50 mg/L bisphenol A removal, the rejection rate reached 94.6%, and the flux is about 49.1 L·m-2·h-1. Moreover, Ag particles on UiO-66-NH2 rendered the membrane with good inhibition for Escherichia coli. The antibacterial rate of the membranes is above 95% when the loading of Ag@UiO-66-NH2 is more than 0.03 g.
Collapse
|
11
|
May A, Kopecki Z, Carney B, Cowin A. Antimicrobial silver dressings: a review of emerging issues for modern wound care. ANZ J Surg 2021; 92:379-384. [PMID: 34806300 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an important barrier to pathogenic microorganisms and plays a critical role in a ctivation of innate immune responses. When the skin barrier is breached following wounding or burn injury, pathogens can invade and complicate healing with infection resulting in delayed healing and symptomatic scarring. Wound infection is a significant problem after burn injury and in patients with chronic wounds. Antimicrobial silver has had a significant role in wound antisepsis throughout history and, given the rise in community acquired antibiotic resistance, silver dressings are now commonly used to combat wound infection. The multi-modal mechanism of action, low potential for toxicity and formation of microbial resistance makes silver dressings suitable tools against a wide array of clinically important microbes. There are, however, a number of issues with silver dressings including a conflicting evidence base, the important environmental consideration of nanoparticle manufacture, and the significant cost of these products. One solution may be to adopt an 'opened-but-unused' means of wound care whereby bulk dressing materials are used piecemeal and stored in between dressing changes to increase the cost-effectiveness and reduced wastage. There is, however, little literature on this topic and so in vitro and clinical research must be performed to consider the efficacy of active ingredient dressings in wound care including silver dressings once opened and stored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew May
- Burns Unit, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernard Carney
- Burns Unit, The Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hooton SPT, Pritchard ACW, Asiani K, Gray-Hammerton CJ, Stekel DJ, Crossman LC, Millard AD, Hobman JL. Laboratory Stock Variants of the Archetype Silver Resistance Plasmid pMG101 Demonstrate Plasmid Fusion, Loss of Transmissibility, and Transposition of Tn 7/ pco/ sil Into the Host Chromosome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723322. [PMID: 34489913 PMCID: PMC8417528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium carrying the multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmid pMG101 was isolated from three burns patients in Boston United States in 1973. pMG101 was transferrable into other Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli hosts and carried what was a novel and unusual combination of AMR genes and silver resistance. Previously published short-read DNA sequence of pMG101 showed that it was a 183.5Kb IncHI plasmid, where a Tn7-mediated transposition of pco/sil resistance genes into the chromosome of the E. coli K-12 J53 host strain had occurred. We noticed differences in streptomycin resistance and plasmid size between two stocks of E. coli K-12 J53 pMG101 we possessed, which had been obtained from two different laboratories (pMG101-A and pMG101-B). Long-read sequencing (PacBio) of the two strains unexpectedly revealed plasmid and chromosomal rearrangements in both. pMG101-A is a non-transmissible 383Kb closed-circular plasmid consisting of an IncHI2 plasmid sequence fused to an IncFI/FIIA plasmid. pMG101-B is a mobile closed-circular 154 Kb IncFI/FIIA plasmid. Sequence identity of pMG101-B with the fused IncFI/IncFIIA region of pMG101-A was >99%. Assembled host sequence reads of pMG101-B showed Tn7-mediated transposition of pco/sil into the E. coli J53 chromosome between yhiM and yhiN. Long read sequence data in combination with laboratory experiments have demonstrated large scale changes in pMG101. Loss of conjugation function and movement of resistance genes into the chromosome suggest that even under long-term laboratory storage, mobile genetic elements such as transposons and insertion sequences can drive the evolution of plasmids and host. This study emphasises the importance of utilising long read sequencing technologies of plasmids and host strains at the earliest opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P T Hooton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C W Pritchard
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Karishma Asiani
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J Gray-Hammerton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa C Crossman
- Sequenceanalysis.Co.uk, Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Millard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McNeilly O, Mann R, Hamidian M, Gunawan C. Emerging Concern for Silver Nanoparticle Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Other Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652863. [PMID: 33936010 PMCID: PMC8085274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics combined with a lack of newly developed ones is the main contributors to the current antibiotic resistance crisis. There is a dire need for new and alternative antibacterial options and nanotechnology could be a solution. Metal-based nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (NAg), have garnered widespread popularity due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Consequently, NAg has seen extensive incorporation in many types of products across the healthcare and consumer market. Despite clear evidence of the strong antibacterial efficacy of NAg, studies have raised concerns over the development of silver-resistant bacteria. Resistance to cationic silver (Ag+) has been recognised for many years, but it has recently been found that bacterial resistance to NAg is also possible. It is also understood that exposure of bacteria to toxic heavy metals like silver can induce the emergence of antibiotic resistance through the process of co-selection. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus and opportunistic nosocomial bacterial pathogen. It was recently listed as the "number one" critical level priority pathogen because of the significant rise of antibiotic resistance in this species. NAg has proven bactericidal activity towards A. baumannii, even against strains that display multi-drug resistance. However, despite ample evidence of heavy metal (including silver; Ag+) resistance in this bacterium, combined with reports of heavy metal-driven co-selection of antibiotic resistance, little research has been dedicated to assessing the potential for NAg resistance development in A. baumannii. This is worrisome, as the increasingly indiscriminate use of NAg could promote the development of silver resistance in this species, like what has occurred with antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McNeilly
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Riti Mann
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hamidian
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mosselhy DA, Assad M, Sironen T, Elbahri M. Nanotheranostics: A Possible Solution for Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their Biofilms? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E82. [PMID: 33401760 PMCID: PMC7824312 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen that colonizes implants (orthopedic and breast implants) and wounds with a vicious resistance to antibiotic therapy. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a catastrophe mainly restricted to hospitals and emerged to community reservoirs, acquiring resistance and forming biofilms. Treating biofilms is problematic except via implant removal or wound debridement. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanofibers could combat superbugs and biofilms and rapidly diagnose MRSA. Nanotheranostics combine diagnostics and therapeutics into a single agent. This comprehensive review is interpretative, utilizing mainly recent literature (since 2016) besides the older remarkable studies sourced via Google Scholar and PubMed. We unravel the molecular S. aureus resistance and complex biofilm. The diagnostic properties and detailed antibacterial and antibiofilm NP mechanisms are elucidated in exciting stories. We highlight the challenges of bacterial infections nanotheranostics. Finally, we discuss the literature and provide "three action appraisals". (i) The first appraisal consists of preventive actions (two wings), avoiding unnecessary hospital visits, hand hygiene, and legislations against over-the-counter antibiotics as the general preventive wing. Our second recommended preventive wing includes preventing the adverse side effects of the NPs from resistance and toxicity by establishing standard testing procedures. These standard procedures should provide breakpoints of bacteria's susceptibility to NPs and a thorough toxicological examination of every single batch of synthesized NPs. (ii) The second appraisal includes theranostic actions, using nanotheranostics to diagnose and treat MRSA, such as what we call "multifunctional theranostic nanofibers. (iii) The third action appraisal consists of collaborative actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Mosselhy
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mhd Assad
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Giza 12588, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Plasmid-Mediated Ampicillin, Quinolone, and Heavy Metal Co-Resistance among ESBL-Producing Isolates from the Yamuna River, New Delhi, India. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110826. [PMID: 33227950 PMCID: PMC7699290 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major current global health crises. Because of increasing contamination with antimicrobials, pesticides, and heavy metals, the aquatic environment has become a hotspot for emergence, maintenance, and dissemination of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the co-resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, and heavy metals among the bacterial isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes. Among 73 bacterial strains isolated from a highly polluted stretch of the Yamuna River in Delhi, those carrying blaCTX-M, blaTEM, or blaSHV genes were analyzed to detect the genetic determinants of resistance to quinolones, ampicillin, mercury, and arsenic. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrS was found in 22 isolates; however, the qnrA, B, C, and qnrD genes could not be detected in any of the bacteria. Two variants of CMY, blaCMY-2 and blaCMY-42, were identified among eight and seven strains, respectively. Furthermore, merB, merP, merT, and arsC genes were detected in 40, 40, 44, and 24 bacterial strains, respectively. Co-transfer of different resistance genes was also investigated in a transconjugation experiment. Successful transconjugants had antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes with similar tolerance toward antibiotics and heavy metals as did their donors. This study indicates that the aquatic environment is a major reservoir of bacteria harboring resistance genes to antibiotics and heavy metals and emphasizes the need to study the genetic basis of resistant microorganisms and their public health implications.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang H, Wei SH, Hobman JL, Dodd CER. Antibiotic and Metal Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Pig Slaughterhouses in the United Kingdom. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110746. [PMID: 33126748 PMCID: PMC7692696 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is currently an important concern, but there are few data on the co-presence of metal and antibiotic resistance in potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli entering the food chain from pork, which may threaten human health. We have examined the phenotypic and genotypic resistances to 18 antibiotics and 3 metals (mercury, silver, and copper) of E. coli from pig slaughterhouses in the United Kingdom. The results showed resistances to oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulphonamide, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, aztreonam, and nitrofurantoin. The top three resistances were oxytetracycline (64%), streptomycin (28%), and sulphonamide (16%). Two strains were resistant to six kinds of antibiotics. Three carried the blaTEM gene. Fifteen strains (18.75%) were resistant to 25 µg/mL mercury and five (6.25%) of these to 50 µg/mL; merA and merC genes were detected in 14 strains. Thirty-five strains (43.75%) showed resistance to silver, with 19 possessing silA, silB, and silE genes. Fifty-five strains (68.75%) were resistant to 8 mM copper or above. Seven contained the pcoE gene. Some strains were multi-resistant to antibiotics, silver, and copper. The results in this study, based on strains isolated between 2007 and 2010, will aid understanding about the effects of strategies to reduce resistance and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (S.-H.W.); (J.L.H.); (C.E.R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shao-Hung Wei
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (S.-H.W.); (J.L.H.); (C.E.R.D.)
- JHL Biotech, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 302, Taiwan
| | - Jon L. Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (S.-H.W.); (J.L.H.); (C.E.R.D.)
| | - Christine E. R. Dodd
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (S.-H.W.); (J.L.H.); (C.E.R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fiore M, Sambri A, Zucchini R, Giannini C, Donati DM, De Paolis M. Silver-coated megaprosthesis in prevention and treatment of peri-prosthetic infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis about efficacy and toxicity in primary and revision surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 31:201-220. [PMID: 32889672 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a common complication following orthopedic megaprosthetic implantations (EPR), estimated up to 50%. Silver coatings were introduced in order to reduce the incidence of PJI, by using the antibacterial activity of silver. Three different silver coatings are available: MUTARS® (Implantcast), Agluna® (Accentus Medical), PorAg® (Waldemar Link). The aim of this review is to provide an overview on efficacy and safety of silver-coated EPR both in primary and revision surgery, comparing infection rate according to the type of implant. METHODS Through an electronic systematic search, we reviewed the articles concerning silver-coated EPRs. Infection rate, silver-related complications, local and blood concentrations of the silver were evaluated. Meta-analyses were performed to compare results from each study included. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. The overall infection rate in patients with silver-coated implants was 17.6% (133/755). Overall infection rate in primary silver-coated EPR was been 9.2% (44/445), compared to 11.2% (57/507) of non-silver-coated implants. The overall infection rate after revisions was 13.7% (25/183) in patients with silver-coated EPR and 29.2% (47/161) when uncoated EPR were used, revealing a strength statistically significative utility of silver coatings in preventing infections in this group (p: 0.019). Generally, the use of MUTARS® EPR had produced an almost constant decrease in the incidence of primary PJI but there are few data on the effectiveness in revisions. The results from the use of Agluna® in both primary and revisions implants are inconstant. Conversely, PorAg® had proven to be effective both in PJI prevention but, especially, when used in PJI revision settings. Local argyria was reported in 8 out of 357 patients (2.2%), while no systemic complications were described. Local and blood concentrations of silver were always reported very far to the threshold of toxicity, with the lowest concentration found using PorAg®. CONCLUSIONS Silver-coated EPRs are safe and effective in reduction in PJI and re-infection rate, in particular when used in higher risk patients and after two-stage revisions to fight PJI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sambri
- Azienda ospedaliera Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.,Alma mater studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Giannini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.,Alma mater studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Genomic and Proteomic Characterization of the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Strain CCUG 73778: A Virulent, Nosocomial Outbreak Strain. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060893. [PMID: 32545759 PMCID: PMC7355845 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strain CCUG 78773 is a virulent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing ST131-O25b type strain isolated during an outbreak at a regional university hospital. The complete and closed genome sequence, comprising one chromosome (5,076,638 bp) and six plasmids (1718–161,372 bp), is presented. Characterization of the genomic features detected the presence of 59 potential antibiotic resistance factors, including three prevalent β-lactamases. Several virulence associated elements were determined, mainly related with adherence, invasion, biofilm formation and antiphagocytosis. Twenty-eight putative type II toxin-antitoxin systems were found. The plasmids were characterized, through in silico analyses, confirming the two β-lactamase-encoding plasmids to be conjugative, while the remaining plasmids were mobilizable. BLAST analysis of the plasmid sequences showed high similarity with plasmids in E. coli from around the world. Expression of many of the described virulence and AMR factors was confirmed by proteomic analyses, using bottom-up, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The detailed characterization of E. coli strain CCUG 78773 provides a reference for the relevance of genetic elements, as well as the characterization of antibiotic resistance and the spread of bacteria harboring ESBL genes in the hospital environment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pietsch F, O'Neill AJ, Ivask A, Jenssen H, Inkinen J, Kahru A, Ahonen M, Schreiber F. Selection of resistance by antimicrobial coatings in the healthcare setting. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:115-125. [PMID: 32535196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial touch surfaces have been introduced in healthcare settings with the aim of supporting existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which may drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review highlights studies that indicate risks associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes, including evolution by de-novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed on to antimicrobial surfaces. The review focuses on antimicrobial surfaces made of copper, silver and antimicrobial peptides because of the practical application of copper and silver, and the promising characteristics of antimicrobial peptides. The available data point to a potential for resistance selection and a subsequent increase in resistant strains via cross-resistance and co-resistance conferred by metal and antibiotic resistance traits. However, translational studies describing the development of resistance to antimicrobial touch surfaces in healthcare-related environments are rare, and will be needed to assess whether and how antimicrobial surfaces lead to resistance selection in these settings. Such studies will need to consider numerous variables, including the antimicrobial concentrations present in coatings, the occurrence of biofilms on surfaces, and the humidity relevant to dry-surface environments. On-site tests on the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings should routinely evaluate the risk of selection associated with their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pietsch
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany
| | - A J O'Neill
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - J Inkinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M Ahonen
- Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Technology, WANDER Nordic Water and Materials Institute, Rauma, Finland.
| | - F Schreiber
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department of Materials and Environment, Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Adelowo OO, Ikhimiukor OO, Knecht C, Vollmers J, Bhatia M, Kaster AK, Müller JA. A survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in urban wetlands in southwestern Nigeria as a step towards generating prevalence maps of antimicrobial resistance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229451. [PMID: 32130234 PMCID: PMC7055906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In many countries, emission of insufficiently treated wastewater into water bodies appears to be an important factor in spreading clinically relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria. In this study, we looked for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae strains with resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics in four urban wetlands in southwestern Nigeria by isolation, whole genome sequencing and qPCR enumeration of marker genes. Genome analysis of multi-drug resistant and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates (members of the widely distributed ST10 complex) revealed the presence of the extended spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-15 on self-transmissible IncF plasmids. The gene was also present together with a blaTEM-1B gene on self-transmissible IncH plasmids in multi-drug resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolates. A Citrobacter freundii isolate carried blaTEM-1B on an IncR-type plasmid without discernable conjugation apparatus. All strains were isolated from a wetland for which previous qPCR enumeration of marker genes, in particular the ratio of intI1 to 16S rRNA gene copy numbers, had indicated a strong anthropogenic impact. Consistent with the isolation origin, qPCR analysis in this study showed that the blaCTX-M gene was present at an abundance of 1x10-4 relative to bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers. The results indicate that contamination of these urban aquatic ecosystems with clinically relevant antibiotic resistant bacteria is substantial in some areas. Measures should therefore be put in place to mitigate the propagation of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance within the Nigerian aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Olufemi Adelowo
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- * E-mail: , (OOA); (JAM)
| | - Odion Osebhahiemen Ikhimiukor
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Camila Knecht
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg—Institute of Apparatus and Environmental Technology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mudit Bhatia
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kirstin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jochen A. Müller
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: , (OOA); (JAM)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Novel Plasmid Bearing the High-Level Tigecycline Resistance Gene tet(X4). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01373-19. [PMID: 31481444 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01373-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the complete nucleotide sequence of a tet(X4)-carrying plasmid, pSTB20-1T, from a tigecycline-resistant Escherichia coli isolate in China. Sequence analysis indicated that pSTB20-1T contains a hybrid plasmid backbone and a tet(X4)-containing multidrug resistance region, likely originated through recombination of multiple plasmids. tet(X4) was flanked by two ISCR2, which may be responsible for tet(X4) mobilization. The occurrence and transmission of this novel hybrid plasmid may exacerbate the spread of the clinically significant tet(X4) gene.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cooper R, Kirketerp-Møller K. Non-antibiotic antimicrobial interventions and antimicrobial stewardship in wound care. J Wound Care 2019; 27:355-377. [PMID: 29883284 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.6.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Control of wound infection today relies largely on antibiotics, but the continual emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms threatens a return to the pre-antibiotic era when physicians used antiseptics to prevent and manage infection. Some of those antiseptics are still used today, and others have become available. A diverse variety of non-antibiotic antimicrobial interventions are found on modern formularies. Unlike the mode of action of antibiotics, which affect specific cellular target sites of pathogens, many non-antibiotic antimicrobials affect multiple cellular target sites in a non-specific way. Although this reduces the likelihood of selecting for resistant strains of microorganisms, some have emerged and cross-resistance between antibiotics and antiseptics has been detected. With the prospect of a post-antibiotic era looming, ways to maintain and extend our antimicrobial armamentarium must be found. In this narrative review, current and emerging non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategies will be considered and the need for antimicrobial stewardship in wound care will be explained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Cooper
- Professor of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Science, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Klaus Kirketerp-Møller
- Orthopaedic Surgeon, Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Department of Dermatology and Wounds, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hosny AEDM, Rasmy SA, Aboul-Magd DS, Kashef MT, El-Bazza ZE. The increasing threat of silver-resistance in clinical isolates from wounds and burns. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1985-2001. [PMID: 31372006 PMCID: PMC6636436 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s209881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The widespread use of silver-containing compounds has led to emergence of silver-resistant bacteria. Few studies are available on the detectability of plasmid-mediated silver-resistance in developing countries. Therefore, we aimed to detect silver-resistance in isolates from wounds and burns, and to genetically characterize plasmid-mediated silver-resistance genes (sil genes). Methods One hundred and fifty clinical isolates were obtained from burns and wounds. They were identified using the suitable Analytical Profile Index and MicroScan identification systems. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Their silver nitrate (AgNO3) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth macrodilution method. The presence of different sil genes on plasmids extracted from silver-resistant isolates and the replicon types of the extracted plasmids were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ability of these plasmids to impart silver-resistance was tested by transformation. Results All except two isolates were multidrug-resistant. Nineteen silver-resistant bacterial isolates (12.6%) were detected; with AgNO3 MIC ≥512 µg/mL. They were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=7), Staphylococcus aureus (n=4), Escherichia coli (n=2), Enterobacter cloacae (n=2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=2) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n=2). PCR revealed the presence of different sil genes on the extracted plasmids. Plasmid transformation resulted in the transfer of silver-resistance to the resulting transformants. The extracted plasmids had different replicon types. Conclusion Plasmid-mediated silver-resistance was detected for the first time, in clinical P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and S. aureus isolates; in addition to its detection in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Therefore, strict monitoring on the use of silver compounds in medical settings is required; with implementation of an approved standardized method for silver-resistance detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Dien Ms Hosny
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Rasmy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina S Aboul-Magd
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona T Kashef
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab E El-Bazza
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Silver is added to an array of commercially available healthcare products including wound dressings. However, overuse of silver is being raised as a potential health concern due to the possible selection of tolerant or resistant bacteria and as a factor that may induce cross resistance to antibiotics. To date, there are only a limited number of studies that have documented evidence of silver resistance in bacteria isolated from medical situations. These studies have indicated low levels of silver resistance in bacteria. However, in comparison to antibiotics, only a small number of studies have been undertaken to investigate silver resistance. It is clear that more studies are required to confirm the most effective therapeutic levels of silver that are needed to kill microbes. In addition, it is probable that sub-therapeutic levels of silver may potentially select for enhanced microbial tolerance. Nevertheless, to date, there still remains very little evidence that silver resistance is a growing health concern in wound care; more studies are clearly needed to substantiate this concern, which has not been observed clinically to any major degree. The issue of biofilm tolerance to silver is more complicated and data on the effect of silver on biofilms is sparse at present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Percival
- a R&D Department, Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science (CEBS) , 5D Health Protection Group Ltd , Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub , Liverpool , UK
| | - Anne-Marie Salisbury
- a R&D Department, Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science (CEBS) , 5D Health Protection Group Ltd , Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub , Liverpool , UK
| | - Rui Chen
- a R&D Department, Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science (CEBS) , 5D Health Protection Group Ltd , Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub , Liverpool , UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
An engineered GFP fluorescent bacterial biosensor for detecting and quantifying silver and copper ions. Biometals 2019; 32:265-272. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Woodmansey EJ, Roberts CD. Appropriate use of dressings containing nanocrystalline silver to support antimicrobial stewardship in wounds. Int Wound J 2018; 15:1025-1032. [PMID: 30117675 PMCID: PMC7949668 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an ever-increasing global concern, with the era of untreatable infection becoming a reality. Wound care is no exception, with increasing issues of antibiotic-resistant infections across different wound types and care settings. Antibiotic resistance and stewardship have been the priority for most strategic interventions so far; however, in wound care, alternative or supplementary strategies using antiseptics should be considered. Antiseptics such as silver can provide effective cidal activity across a broad range of wound pathogens, assuming they are used at the correct level for an appropriate duration. Evidence summarised in this manuscript suggests that effective antiseptics, such as nanocrystalline silver, have an increasing body of evidence in support of their use to minimise transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms as part of institutional infection control procedures and, in addition, through appropriate early use and stewardship on local wound infections, in conjunction with local procedures, to minimise the need for systemic antibiotic therapy. Engagement, alignment, and collaboration between wound care professionals and wider related teams and governments on antimicrobial stewardship, and the potential role of antiseptics within this, will help to generate further evidence for such interventions in the fight against antimicrobial-resistant infections in wound care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Woodmansey
- Clinical Scientific and Medical AffairsSmith & Nephew Advanced Wound ManagementHullUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chromosomal Sil system contributes to silver resistance in E. coli ATCC 8739. Biometals 2018; 31:1101-1114. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
28
|
Duffy LL, Osmond-McLeod MJ, Judy J, King T. Investigation into the antibacterial activity of silver, zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles against poultry-relevant isolates of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
29
|
Li J, Tang M, Xue Y. Review of the effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on gut bacteria. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:27-37. [PMID: 30247756 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria are involved in regulating several important physiological functions in the host, and intestinal dysbacteriosis plays an important role in several human diseases, including intestinal, metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly being incorporated into medical and consumer products due to their unique physicochemical properties, studies have indicated their potential to affect adversely the gut bacteria. In this review, we focus on the biotoxicological effects of AgNPs entering the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship of these effects with important nanoscale properties. We discuss in detail the mechanisms underlying the bactericidal toxicity effects of AgNPs and explore the relationships between AgNPs, gut bacteria and disease. Finally, we highlight the need to focus on the negative effects of AgNPs usage to facilitate appropriate development of these particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pareek V, Gupta R, Panwar J. Do physico-chemical properties of silver nanoparticles decide their interaction with biological media and bactericidal action? A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:739-749. [PMID: 29853145 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented increase in antibiotic resistance in this era has resuscitated the attention of scientific community to exploit silver and its various species as antimicrobial agents. Plenty of studies have been done to measure the antimicrobial potential of silver species (cationic silver, metallic Ag0 or silver nanoparticles, silver oxide particulates etc.) and indicated that membrane damage, oxidative stress, protein dysfunction and DNA damage to be the possible cause of injury to the microbial cell. However, the precise molecular mechanism of their mode of action has remained unclear, which makes an obstacle towards the generation of potential antibacterial agent against various pathogenic and multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In order to endeavor this issue, one should first have the complete understanding about the resistance mechanisms present in bacteria that can be a therapeutic target for the silver-based drug formulations. Apart from this, in-depth understanding of the interactions of various silver species (with the biological media) is a probable deciding factor for the synthesis of silver-based drug formulations because the particular form and physico-chemical properties of silver can ultimately decide their antimicrobial action. In context to above mentioned serious concerns, the present article aims to discuss the mechanisms behind the confrontation of bacteria against various drugs and the effect of physico-chemical properties of silver species on their bactericidal action as well as critically evaluates the available reports on bacterial transcriptomic and proteomic profiles upon the exposure of various silver species. Further, this review state the mechanism of action that needs to be followed for the complete understanding of toxic potential of silver nanoparticles, which will open a possibility to synthesize new silver nanoparticle based antimicrobial systems with desired properties to ensure their safe use, exposure over extended period and fate in human body and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Pareek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Rinki Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gwin CA, Gunsch CK. Examining relationships between total silver concentration and Sil silver resistance genes in domestic wastewater treatment plants. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1638-1646. [PMID: 29444378 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The overarching aims of this study were to determine if microbes found in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) carry silver resistance genes and ascertain whether a relationship exists between silver loading and sil silver resistance gene copy numbers. METHODS AND RESULTS Activated sludge samples were collected from 17 WWTPs across the United States and characterized for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total silver concentration. Gene copy numbers were quantified using qPCR for four common silver resistance genes (silC, silP, silR and silS). Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between three WWTP characteristics (i.e. size, COD and total silver concentration) and sil gene copy numbers. sil genes were found in all activated sludge samples, however the quantity of gene copy numbers was inconsistent. Of the sil genes screened, silS was the most abundant, followed by silR. Gene copy numbers for silC and silP were generally similar and overall lower than silS and silR. CONCLUSIONS Neither individual or combined sil gene copy numbers correlated significantly with total silver concentration, suggesting either the presence of alternate mechanisms of silver resistance or that a critical silver concentration threshold within WWTPs was not met that would require specific resistance against silver. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THIS STUDY To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies to measure the prevalence of sil genes in engineered systems. Results from this study suggest that at least four silver resistance genes are commonly found within WWTP-activated sludge, however it is unclear if these genes are being expressed under current total silver loadings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Gwin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C K Gunsch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mosselhy DA, Granbohm H, Hynönen U, Ge Y, Palva A, Nordström K, Hannula SP. Nanosilver-Silica Composite: Prolonged Antibacterial Effects and Bacterial Interaction Mechanisms for Wound Dressings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E261. [PMID: 28878170 PMCID: PMC5618372 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infected superficial wounds were traditionally controlled by topical antibiotics until the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Silver (Ag) is a kernel for alternative antibacterial agents to fight this resistance quandary. The present study demonstrates a method for immobilizing small-sized (~5 nm) silver nanoparticles on silica matrix to form a nanosilver-silica (Ag-SiO₂) composite and shows the prolonged antibacterial effects of the composite in vitro. The composite exhibited a rapid initial Ag release after 24 h and a slower leaching after 48 and 72 h and was effective against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli ( E . coli ). Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation was superior to filter-sterilization in retaining the antibacterial effects of the composite, through the higher remaining Ag concentration. A gauze, impregnated with the Ag-SiO₂ composite, showed higher antibacterial effects against MRSA and E . coli than a commercial Ag-containing dressing, indicating a potential for the management and infection control of superficial wounds. Transmission and scanning transmission electron microscope analyses of the composite-treated MRSA revealed an interaction of the released silver ions with the bacterial cytoplasmic constituents, causing ultimately the loss of bacterial membranes. The present results indicate that the Ag-SiO₂ composite, with prolonged antibacterial effects, is a promising candidate for wound dressing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Mosselhy
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
- Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Henrika Granbohm
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ulla Hynönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Yanling Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katrina Nordström
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Simo-Pekka Hannula
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Elkrewi E, Randall CP, Ooi N, Cottell JL, O’Neill AJ. Cryptic silver resistance is prevalent and readily activated in certain Gram-negative pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:3043-3046. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
34
|
Lau CP, Abdul-Wahab MF, Jaafar J, Chan GF, Abdul Rashid NA. Toxic effect of high concentration of sonochemically synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles on Citrobacter sp. A1 and Enterococcus sp. C1. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 50:427-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
35
|
Cidre I, Pulido RP, Burgos MJG, Gálvez A, Lucas R. Copper and Zinc Tolerance in Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Produce. J Food Prot 2017; 80:969-975. [PMID: 28467185 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The continued agricultural exposure of bacteria to metals such as copper and zinc may result in an increased copper tolerance through the food chain. The aim of this study was to determine the Cu and Zn tolerance of bacteria from fresh produce (cucumber, zucchini, green pepper, tomato, lettuce, vegetable salad, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, green onion, onion, and mango). Isolates (506 aerobic mesophiles) from 12 different food produce products were tested for growth in a range of Cu and Zn concentrations. Selected isolates were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing, and the presence of metal resistance genes was studied using PCR amplification. More than 50% of the isolates had MICs for copper sulfate greater than 16 mM, and more than 40% had MICs greater than 4 mM for zinc chloride. Isolates with high levels of tolerance to Cu and Zn were detected in all the produce products investigated. A selection of 51 isolates with high MICs for both Cu and Zn were identified as belonging to the genera Pseudomonas (28), Enterobacter (7), Serratia (4), Leclercia (1), Bacillus (10), and Paenibacillus (1). A study of the genetic determinants of resistance in the selected gram-negative isolates revealed a high incidence of genes from the pco multicopper oxidase cluster, from the sil cluster involved in Cu and silver resistance, and from the chromate resistance gene chrB. A high percentage carried both pco and sil. The results suggest that Cu and Zn tolerance, as well as metal resistance genes, is widespread in bacteria from fresh produce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Cidre
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Edif. B3, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez Pulido
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Edif. B3, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria José Grande Burgos
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Edif. B3, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Edif. B3, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Rosario Lucas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Edif. B3, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aher S, Das A, Muskawar P, Osborne J, Bhagat P. Silver (I) complexes of imidazolium based N-heterocyclic carbenes for antibacterial applications. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
37
|
Effect of Silver Nanoparticle-Added Pit and Fissure Sealant in the Prevention of Dental Caries in Children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017; 41:48-52. [PMID: 28052214 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pit and fissure sealant mixed with silver nanoparticles on dental caries, by means of monthly measurement of fluorescence with DIAGNOdent over six months. STUDY DESIGN This study was divided in two phases: experimental and clinical. In the experimental phase, the adhesion and microleakage of the pit and fissure sealant experiment were evaluated. Two groups of 10 teeth, without serious carious lesions, were included. Conventional (group A) and silver nanoparticles (group B) were added to the pit and fissure sealant. For the clinical phase, a split-mouth study was performed on 40 children aged 6-10 years old with healthy, erupted permanent first molars. A conventional pit and fissure sealant or a silver nanoparticle-mixed sealant was randomly placed. Repeated measures analysis was performed. RESULTS Conventional sealant presented an average microleakage of 30.6%, and the silver nanoparticle-mixed sealant showed 33.6% (P=NS). A three times greater reduction in fluorescence was found in the silver nanoparticles group compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). No sex- or age-based associations were found. CONCLUSIONS The silver nanoparticle-mixed sealant reduced tooth demineralization significantly and likely increased remineralization, compared to the conventional sealant.
Collapse
|
38
|
Schmidt-Braekling T, Streitbuerger A, Gosheger G, Boettner F, Nottrott M, Ahrens H, Dieckmann R, Guder W, Andreou D, Hauschild G, Moellenbeck B, Waldstein W, Hardes J. Silver-coated megaprostheses: review of the literature. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2017; 27:483-489. [PMID: 28265758 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-017-1933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic infection remains one of the most serious complications following megaendoprostheses. Despite a large number of preventive measures that have been introduced in recent years, it has not been possible to further reduce the rate of periprosthetic infection. With regard to metallic modification of implants, silver in particular has been regarded as highly promising, since silver particles combine a high degree of antimicrobial activity with a low level of human toxicity. This review provides an overview of the history of the use of silver as an antimicrobial agent, its mechanism of action, and its clinical application in the field of megaendoprosthetics. The benefits of silver-coated prostheses could not be confirmed until now. However, a large number of retrospective studies suggest that the rate of periprosthetic infections could be reduced by using silver-coated megaprostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Schmidt-Braekling
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Arne Streitbuerger
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Gosheger
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Friedrich Boettner
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Nottrott
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Helmut Ahrens
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralf Dieckmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wiebke Guder
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dimosthenis Andreou
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gregor Hauschild
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Moellenbeck
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wenzel Waldstein
- Department of Orthopedics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor Orthopedics, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Samarajeewa AD, Velicogna JR, Princz JI, Subasinghe RM, Scroggins RP, Beaudette LA. Effect of silver nano-particles on soil microbial growth, activity and community diversity in a sandy loam soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:504-513. [PMID: 27717530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silver nano-particles (AgNPs) are widely used in a range of consumer products as a result of their antimicrobial properties. Given the broad spectrum of uses, AgNPs have the potential for being released to the environment. As a result, environmental risks associated with AgNPs need to be assessed to aid in the development of regulatory guidelines. Research was performed to assess the effects of AgNPs on soil microbial activity and diversity in a sandy loam soil with an emphasis on using a battery of microbial tests involving multiple endpoints. The test soil was spiked with PVP coated (0.3%) AgNPs at the following concentrations of 49, 124, 287, 723 and 1815 mg Ag kg-1 dry soil. Test controls included an un-amended soil; soil amended with PVP equivalent to the highest PVP concentration of the coated AgNP; and soil amended with humic acid, as 1.8% humic acid was used as a suspension agent for the AgNPs. The impact on soil microbial community was assessed using an array of tests including heterotrophic plate counting, microbial respiration, organic matter decomposition, soil enzyme activity, biological nitrification, community level physiological profiling (CLPP), Ion Torrent™ DNA sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). An impact on microbial growth, activity and community diversity was evident from 49 to 1815 mg kg-1 with the median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) as low as 20-31 mg kg-1 depending on the test. AgNP showed a notable impact on microbial functional and genomic diversity. Emergence of a silver tolerant bacterium was observed at AgNP concentrations of 49-287 mg kg-1 after 14-28 days of incubation, but not detectable at 723 and 1815 mg kg-1. The bacterium was identified as Rhodanobacter sp. The study highlighted the effectiveness of using multiple microbial endpoints for inclusion to the environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Samarajeewa
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335, River Road, Ottawa, K1V 1C7, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J R Velicogna
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335, River Road, Ottawa, K1V 1C7, Ontario, Canada
| | - J I Princz
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335, River Road, Ottawa, K1V 1C7, Ontario, Canada
| | - R M Subasinghe
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335, River Road, Ottawa, K1V 1C7, Ontario, Canada
| | - R P Scroggins
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335, River Road, Ottawa, K1V 1C7, Ontario, Canada
| | - L A Beaudette
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 335, River Road, Ottawa, K1V 1C7, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 2114 Sweeney Hall, 618 Bissell Rd. Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Jieni Lian
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 2114 Sweeney Hall, 618 Bissell Rd. Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Laura R. Jarboe
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 2114 Sweeney Hall, 618 Bissell Rd. Ames, IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tavakol S, Hoveizi E, Kharrazi S, Tavakol B, Karimi S, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM. Organelles and chromatin fragmentation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell influence by the effects of zeta potential and size of silver nanoparticles in different manners. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:817-823. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1178132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Nanocarriers Research Core, Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Tavakol
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Karimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat Sorkhabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
This chapter focuses on transition metals. All transition metal cations are toxic-those that are essential for Escherichia coli and belong to the first transition period of the periodic system of the element and also the "toxic-only" metals with higher atomic numbers. Common themes are visible in the metabolism of these ions. First, there is transport. High-rate but low-affinity uptake systems provide a variety of cations and anions to the cells. Control of the respective systems seems to be mainly through regulation of transport activity (flux control), with control of gene expression playing only a minor role. If these systems do not provide sufficient amounts of a needed ion to the cell, genes for ATP-hydrolyzing high-affinity but low-rate uptake systems are induced, e.g., ABC transport systems or P-type ATPases. On the other hand, if the amount of an ion is in surplus, genes for efflux systems are induced. By combining different kinds of uptake and efflux systems with regulation at the levels of gene expression and transport activity, the concentration of a single ion in the cytoplasm and the composition of the cellular ion "bouquet" can be rapidly adjusted and carefully controlled. The toxicity threshold of an ion is defined by its ability to produce radicals (copper, iron, chromate), to bind to sulfide and thiol groups (copper, zinc, all cations of the second and third transition period), or to interfere with the metabolism of other ions. Iron poses an exceptional metabolic problem due its metabolic importance and the low solubility of Fe(III) compounds, combined with the ability to cause dangerous Fenton reactions. This dilemma for the cells led to the evolution of sophisticated multi-channel iron uptake and storage pathways to prevent the occurrence of unbound iron in the cytoplasm. Toxic metals like Cd2+ bind to thiols and sulfide, preventing assembly of iron complexes and releasing the metal from iron-sulfur clusters. In the unique case of mercury, the cation can be reduced to the volatile metallic form. Interference of nickel and cobalt with iron is prevented by the low abundance of these metals in the cytoplasm and their sequestration by metal chaperones, in the case of nickel, or by B12 and its derivatives, in the case of cobalt. The most dangerous metal, copper, catalyzes Fenton-like reactions, binds to thiol groups, and interferes with iron metabolism. E. coli solves this problem probably by preventing copper uptake, combined with rapid efflux if the metal happens to enter the cytoplasm.
Collapse
|
43
|
Vasileiadis S, Puglisi E, Trevisan M, Scheckel KG, Langdon KA, McLaughlin MJ, Lombi E, Donner E. Changes in soil bacterial communities and diversity in response to long-term silver exposure. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv114. [PMID: 26391377 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-induced selective pressure is becoming increasingly important due to the growing use of silver (Ag) as an antimicrobial agent in biomedical and commercial products. With demonstrated links between environmental resistomes and clinical pathogens, it is important to identify microbial profiles related to silver tolerance/resistance. We investigated the effects of ionic Ag stress on soil bacterial communities and identified resistant/persistent bacterial populations. Silver treatments of 50-400 mg Ag kg(-1) soil were established in five soils. Chemical lability measurements using diffusive gradients in thin-film devices confirmed that significant (albeit decreasing) labile Ag concentrations were present throughout the 9-month incubation period. Synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy demonstrated that this decreasing lability was due to changes in the Ag speciation to less soluble forms such as Ag(0) and Ag2S. Real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq screening of 16S rRNA bacterial genes showed β-diversity changes, increasing α-diversity in response to Ag pressure, and immediate and significant reductions in 16S rRNA gene counts with varying degrees of recovery. These effects were more strongly influenced by exposure time than by Ag dose at these rates. Ag-selected dominant OTUs principally resided in known persister taxa (mainly Gram positive), including metal-tolerant bacteria and slow-growing Mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Vasileiadis
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia Istituto di Chimica Agraria e Ambientale, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italia
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italia
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria e Ambientale, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italia
| | - Kirk G Scheckel
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
| | - Kate A Langdon
- CSIRO Minerals Down Under Flagship, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | | | - Enzo Lombi
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial agents of various types have important bearing on the outcomes of microbial infections. These agents may be bacteriostatic or –cidal, exert their impact via various means, originate from a living organism or a laboratory, and appropriately be used in or on living tissue or not. Though the primary focus of this chapter is on resistance to the antimicrobial agents used to treat uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC)-caused urinary tract infections (UTIs), some attention will be given to UPEC’s resistance to silver-containing antiseptics, which may be incorporated into catheters to prevent foreign body-associated UTIs.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang X, Chen M, Xiao J, Hao L, Crowley DE, Zhang Z, Yu J, Huang N, Huo M, Wu J. Genome Sequence Analysis of the Naphthenic Acid Degrading and Metal Resistant Bacterium Cupriavidus gilardii CR3. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132881. [PMID: 26301592 PMCID: PMC4547698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cupriavidus sp. are generally heavy metal tolerant bacteria with the ability to degrade a variety of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, although the degradation pathways and substrate versatilities remain largely unknown. Here we studied the bacterium Cupriavidus gilardii strain CR3, which was isolated from a natural asphalt deposit, and which was shown to utilize naphthenic acids as a sole carbon source. Genome sequencing of C. gilardii CR3 was carried out to elucidate possible mechanisms for the naphthenic acid biodegradation. The genome of C. gilardii CR3 was composed of two circular chromosomes chr1 and chr2 of respectively 3,539,530 bp and 2,039,213 bp in size. The genome for strain CR3 encoded 4,502 putative protein-coding genes, 59 tRNA genes, and many other non-coding genes. Many genes were associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and metal resistance functions. Pathway prediction for degradation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, a representative naphthenic acid, suggested that naphthenic acid undergoes initial ring-cleavage, after which the ring fission products can be degraded via several plausible degradation pathways including a mechanism similar to that used for fatty acid oxidation. The final metabolic products of these pathways are unstable or volatile compounds that were not toxic to CR3. Strain CR3 was also shown to have tolerance to at least 10 heavy metals, which was mainly achieved by self-detoxification through ion efflux, metal-complexation and metal-reduction, and a powerful DNA self-repair mechanism. Our genomic analysis suggests that CR3 is well adapted to survive the harsh environment in natural asphalts containing naphthenic acids and high concentrations of heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Environment Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meili Chen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfa Xiao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lirui Hao
- School of Environment Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - David E. Crowley
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Environment Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tsang KK, Kwong EWY, Woo KY, To TSS, Chung JWY, Wong TKS. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Action of Nanocrystalline Silver and Manuka Honey on the Molecular Alternation of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Comprehensive Literature Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:218283. [PMID: 26290672 PMCID: PMC4531195 DOI: 10.1155/2015/218283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Honey and silver have been used since ancient times for treating wounds. Their widespread clinical application has attracted attention in light of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. While there have been a number of studies exploring the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of manuka honey and nanocrystalline silver, their advantages and limitations with regard to the treatment of chronic wounds remain a subject of debate. The aim of this paper is to examine the evidence on the use of nanocrystalline silver and manuka honey for treating diabetic foot ulcers through a critical and comprehensive review of in vitro studies, animal studies, and in vivo studies. The findings from the in vitro and animal studies suggest that both agents have effective antibacterial actions. Their anti-inflammatory action and related impact on wound healing are unclear. Besides, there is no evidence to suggest that any topical agent is more effective for use in treating diabetic foot ulcer. Overall, high-quality, clinical human studies supported by findings from the molecular science on the use of manuka honey or nanocrystalline silver are lacking. There is a need for rigorously designed human clinical studies on the subject to fill this knowledge gap and guide clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kit Tsang
- O&T Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
- Department of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | | | - Kevin Y. Woo
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tony Shing-Shun To
- Department of Health Technology & Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Joanne Wai-Yee Chung
- The Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Unprecedented Silver Resistance in Clinically Isolated Enterobacteriaceae: Major Implications for Burn and Wound Management. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4734-41. [PMID: 26014954 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00026-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased utilization of inorganic silver as an adjunctive to many medical devices has raised concerns of emergent silver resistance in clinical bacteria. Although the molecular basis for silver resistance has been previously characterized, to date, significant phenotypic expression of these genes in clinical settings is yet to be observed. Here, we identified the first strains of clinical bacteria expressing silver resistance at a level that could significantly impact wound care and the use of silver-based dressings. Screening of 859 clinical isolates confirmed 31 harbored at least 1 silver resistance gene. Despite the presence of these genes, MIC testing revealed most of the bacteria displayed little or no increase in resistance to ionic silver (200 to 300 μM Ag(+)). However, 2 isolates (Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter cloacae) were capable of robust growth at exceedingly high silver concentrations, with MIC values reaching 5,500 μM Ag(+). DNA sequencing of these two strains revealed the presence of genes homologous to known genetic determinants of heavy metal resistance. Darkening of the bacteria's pigment was observed after exposure to high silver concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of silver nanoparticles embedded in the extracellular polymeric substance of both isolates. This finding suggested that the isolates may neutralize ionic silver via reduction to elemental silver. Antimicrobial testing revealed both organisms to be completely resistant to many commercially available silver-impregnated burn and wound dressings. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence of clinical bacteria capable of expressing silver resistance at levels that could significantly impact wound management.
Collapse
|
48
|
Mourão J, Novais C, Machado J, Peixe L, Antunes P. Metal tolerance in emerging clinically relevant multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- clones circulating in Europe. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 45:610-6. [PMID: 25816978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of acquired metal tolerance genes in emerging MDR Salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- clones was assessed and their associated platforms and tolerance phenotype were characterised. Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from different sources belonging to European, Spanish and Southern European clones were studied. Screening for copper (pcoA-pcoD/tcrB), silver/copper (silA-silE), mercury (merA), arsenic (arsB) and tellurite (terF) tolerance genes was performed by PCR/sequencing. CuSO(4)/AgNO(3) MICs were determined in aerobic/anaerobic atmospheres by agar dilution. Conjugation assays, genomic location and plasmid analysis were performed by standard procedures. Most isolates from European (98%) and Spanish (74%) clones carried silA-silE, contrasting with the Southern European clone (26%). merA/62% (European and Spanish clones) and pcoA-pcoD/50% (European clone) were also detected. merA±pco+sil were chromosomally located in the European clone, whereas in Spanish and Southern European clones sil±merA were within plasmids, both with antibiotic resistance genes. The pcoA-pcoD/silA-silE(+) isolates showed higher MICCuSO(4) in anaerobiosis than those without these genes (MIC(50)=24-28 vs. 2 mM). Different MICAgNO(3) of silA-silE(+) (MIC(50)=0.25 mM) and silA-silE(-)(MIC(50)=0.16 mM) isolates were observed in both atmospheres, with an MIC increment after prior exposure to silver (>3 vs. 0.08-0.125 mM) in aerobiosis. A high frequency of copper and silver tolerance, particularly among the two major Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- MDR clones (European/Spanish) circulating in Europe and causing human infections, might facilitate adaptation/expansion of these strains in metal-contaminated environments, particularly copper in anaerobiosis. Furthermore, metal toxic concentrations in food-animal environments can contribute to persistence of genetic platforms carrying metal/antibiotic resistance genes in this foodborne zoonotic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Mourão
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Laboratório Nacional de Referência de Infecções Gastrointestinais, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Graves JL, Tajkarimi M, Cunningham Q, Campbell A, Nonga H, Harrison SH, Barrick JE. Rapid evolution of silver nanoparticle resistance in Escherichia coli. Front Genet 2015; 6:42. [PMID: 25741363 PMCID: PMC4330922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent exponential increase in the use of engineered nanoparticles (eNPs) means both greater intentional and unintentional exposure of eNPs to microbes. Intentional use includes the use of eNPs as biocides. Unintentional exposure results from the fact that eNPs are included in a variety of commercial products (paints, sunscreens, cosmetics). Many of these eNPs are composed of heavy metals or metal oxides such as silver, gold, zinc, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide. It is thought that since metallic/metallic oxide NPs impact so many aspects of bacterial physiology that it will difficult for bacteria to evolve resistance to them. This study utilized laboratory experimental evolution to evolve silver nanoparticle (AgNP) resistance in the bacterium Escherichia coli (K-12 MG1655), a bacterium that does not harbor any known silver resistance elements. After 225 generations of exposure to the AgNP environment, the treatment populations demonstrated greater fitness vs. control strains as measured by optical density (OD) and colony forming units (CFU) in the presence of varying concentrations of 10 nm citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNP) or silver nitrate (AgNO3). Genomic analysis shows that changes associated with AgNP resistance were already accumulating within the treatment populations by generation 100, and by generation 200 three mutations had swept to high frequency in the AgNP resistance stocks. This study indicates that despite previous claims to the contrary bacteria can easily evolve resistance to AgNPs, and this occurs by relatively simple genomic changes. These results indicate that care should be taken with regards to the use of eNPs as biocides as well as with regards to unintentional exposure of microbial communities to eNPs in waste products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Graves
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School for Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University/University of North CarolinaGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mehrdad Tajkarimi
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School for Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University/University of North CarolinaGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Quincy Cunningham
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Adero Campbell
- Department of Biology, Bennett CollegeGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Herve Nonga
- Student Research Opportunity Program, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Barrick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Randall CP, Gupta A, Jackson N, Busse D, O'Neill AJ. Silver resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: a dissection of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1037-46. [PMID: 25567964 PMCID: PMC4356207 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To gain a more detailed understanding of endogenous (mutational) and exogenous (horizontally acquired) resistance to silver in Gram-negative pathogens, with an emphasis on clarifying the genetic bases for resistance. Methods A suite of microbiological and molecular genetic techniques was employed to select and characterize endogenous and exogenous silver resistance in several Gram-negative species. Results In Escherichia coli, endogenous resistance arose after 6 days of exposure to silver, a consequence of two point mutations that were both necessary and sufficient for the phenotype. These mutations, in ompR and cusS, respectively conferred loss of the OmpC/F porins and derepression of the CusCFBA efflux transporter, both phenotypic changes previously linked to reduced intracellular accumulation of silver. Exogenous resistance involved derepression of the SilCFBA efflux transporter as a consequence of mutation in silS, but was additionally contingent on expression of the periplasmic silver-sequestration protein SilE. Silver resistance could be selected at high frequency (>10−9) from Enterobacteriaceae lacking OmpC/F porins or harbouring the sil operon and both endogenous and exogenous resistance were associated with modest fitness costs in vitro. Conclusions Both endogenous and exogenous silver resistance are dependent on the derepressed expression of closely related efflux transporters and are therefore mechanistically similar phenotypes. The ease with which silver resistance can become selected in some bacterial pathogens in vitro suggests that there would be benefit in improved surveillance for silver-resistant isolates in the clinic, along with greater control over use of silver-containing products, in order to best preserve the clinical utility of silver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Randall
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arya Gupta
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicole Jackson
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Busse
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alex J O'Neill
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|