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Whole genome sequencing reveals possible host species adaptation of Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17350. [PMID: 34462475 PMCID: PMC8405622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is an emerging pathogen in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with several host species, disease phenotypes and virulence mechanisms. SD has traditionally been divided into the subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) and subsp. equisimilis (SDSE), but recent molecular studies have indicated that the phylogenetic relationships are more complex. Moreover, the genetic basis for the niche versatility of SD has not been extensively investigated. To expand the knowledge about virulence factors, phylogenetic relationships and host-adaptation strategies of SD, we analyzed 78 SDSD genomes from cows and sheep, and 78 SDSE genomes from other host species. Sixty SDSD and 40 SDSE genomes were newly sequenced in this study. Phylogenetic analysis supported SDSD as a distinct taxonomic entity, presenting a mean value of the average nucleotide identity of 99%. Bovine and ovine associated SDSD isolates clustered separately on pangenome analysis, but no single gene or genetic region was uniquely associated with host species. In contrast, SDSE isolates were more heterogenous and could be delineated in accordance with host. Although phylogenetic clustering suggestive of cross species transmission was observed, we predominantly detected a host restricted distribution of the SD-lineages. Furthermore, lineage specific virulence factors were detected, several of them located in proximity to hotspots for integration of mobile genetic elements. Our study indicates that SD has evolved to adapt to several different host species and infers a potential role of horizontal genetic transfer in niche specialization.
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Turner CE, Bubba L, Efstratiou A. Pathogenicity Factors in Group C and G Streptococci. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0020-2018. [PMID: 31111818 PMCID: PMC11026075 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0020-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially recognized zoonoses, streptococci belonging to Lancefield group C (GCS) and G (GGS) were subsequently recognised as human pathogens causing a diverse range of symptoms, from asymptomatic carriage to life threatening diseases. Their taxonomy has changed during the last decade. Asymptomatic carriage is <4% amongst the human population and invasive infections are often in association with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or chronic skin infections. Other clinical manifestations include acute pharyngitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteraemia and toxic-shock syndrome. Post streptococcal sequalae such as rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis have also been described but mainly in developed countries and amongst specific populations. Putative virulence determinants for these organisms include adhesins, toxins, and other factors that are essential for dissemination in human tissues and for interference with the host immune responses. High nucleotide similarities among virulence genes and their association with mobile genetic elements supports the hypothesis of extensive horizontal gene transfer events between the various pyogenic streptococcal species belonging to Lancefield groups A, C and G. A better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis should be apparent by whole-genome sequencing, and this would result in more effective clinical strategies for the pyogenic group in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Turner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, The Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Bubba
- Reference Microbiology Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Androulla Efstratiou
- Reference Microbiology Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Fan Z, Zhou X, Yu L, Sun H, Wu Z, Yu Y, Song B, Ma J, Tong C, Wang X, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Identification of a Conserved Linear B-Cell Epitope of Streptococcus dysgalactiae GapC Protein by Screening Phage-Displayed Random Peptide Library. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131221. [PMID: 26121648 PMCID: PMC4486725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The GapC of Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) is a highly conserved surface protein that can induce protective humoral immune response in animals. However, B-cell epitopes on the S. dysgalactiae GapC have not been well identified. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb5B7) against the GapC1-150 protein was prepared. After passive transfer, mAb5B7 could partially protect mice against S. dysgalactiae infection. Eleven positive phage clones recognized by mAb5B7 were identified by screening phage-displayed random 12-peptide library, most of which matched the consensus motif DTTQGRFD. The motif sequence exactly matches amino acids 48-55 of the S. dysgalactiae GapC protein. In addition, the motif 48DTTQGRFD55 shows high homology among various streptococcus species. Site-directed mutagenic analysis further confirmed that residues D48, T50, Q51, G52 and F54 formed the core motif of 48DTTQGRFD55. This motif was the minimal determinant of the B-cell epitope recognized by the mAb5B7. As expected, epitope-peptide evoked protective immune response against S. dysgalactiae infection in immunized mice. Taken together, this identified conserved B-cell epitope within S. dysgalactiae GapC could provide very valuable insights for vaccine design against S. dysgalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Ziyao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Hunan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhong Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Fan Z, Zhou X, Yu L, Sun H, Wu Z, Yu Y, Song B, Ma J, Tong C, Zhu Z, Cui Y. Production of mouse monoclonal antibody against Streptococcus dysgalactiae GapC protein and mapping its conserved B-cell epitope. Res Vet Sci 2015; 98:39-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Perez-Casal J, Prysliak T, Potter AA. A GapC chimera retains the properties of the Streptococcus uberis wild-type GapC protein. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 33:288-96. [PMID: 14711517 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The GapC products of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis share considerable homology at the DNA and amino acid levels. The high similarity at the protein level suggests that one GapC protein might be used as a single antigen to protect dairy cows against infections with the contagious S. agalactiae and the environmental S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis strains. Despite their similarities, immunization with the S. dysgalactiae GapC did not protect dairy cows from a challenge with S. uberis, suggesting the presence of regions in GapC that are involved in species-specific protection. To produce a single antigen that can be used to protect against all streptococcal mastitis infections, we constructed a GapC chimeric protein using the S. uberis GapC product as the backbone followed by non-conserved peptide regions from the S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae GapC proteins. We report that the chimeric GapC protein retains the enzymatic activity of the S. uberis GapC protein. In addition, we fused the chimera to the OmpF and LipoF transport sequences of Escherichia coli and the GapC chimeras were present in membrane fractions of E. coli. These extracts could be the basis of an antigen preparation for use in mastitis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Perez-Casal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E3.
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Bolton A, Song XM, Willson P, Fontaine MC, Potter AA, Perez-Casal J. Use of the surface proteins GapC and Mig ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaeas potential protective antigens against bovine mastitis. Can J Microbiol 2004; 50:423-32. [PMID: 15284888 DOI: 10.1139/w04-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a significant pathogen associated with bovine mastitis in lactating and nonlactating dairy cows, causing a severe inflammatory response of the mammary gland, which results in major economic losses to the dairy industry. Two proteins from S. dysgalactiae strain SDG8 were tested for their protective capacity against a homologous bacterial challenge in a dry cow model. The first was a bovine plasmin receptor protein (GapC), which shares 99.4% sequence identity to the plasmin-binding Plr protein of group A streptococci. The second protein product was Mig, a α2-M-, IgG-, and IgA-binding protein present on the cell surface of SDG8. We investigated the efficacy of immunization with purified recombinant forms of GapC and Mig by measuring the number of somatic cells and assessing the presence of the challenge strain in mammary secretions following challenge. In this model, we found that, although the number of quarters containing SDG8 was significantly reduced in the GapC- but not in the Mig-immunized animals, the somatic cell counts from teat secretions were significantly decreased in both the GapC and Mig vaccinates.Key words: Streptococcus dysgalactiae, bovine mastitis, Mig, GapC, GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bolton
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Song XM, Perez-Casal J, Potter AA. The Mig protein ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaeinhibits bacterial internalization into bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 231:33-8. [PMID: 14769463 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the Mig protein of Streptococcus dysgalactiae in bacterial adhesion and internalization of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T) was investigated with the wild-type and isogenic mig mutant strains. While there was no difference in adhesion between the strains, the wild-type strain exhibited a significantly lower level of invasion than the mutants. The lower level of internalization of the Mig(+) strain is likely due to Mig-mediated interference with uptake of the microorganisms rather than the host protein binding properties of Mig. Avoidance of intimate interactions with the host cells might be an alternative strategy for S. dysgalactiae to survive and persist in the bovine mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ming Song
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E3.
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