Idiomarina aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from the reef-building coral Isopora palifera

The Hypersaline Soils of the Odiel Saltmarshes Natural Area as a Source for Uncovering a New Taxon: Pseudidiomarina terrestris sp. nov

The hypersaline soils of the Odiel Saltmarshes Natural Area are an extreme environment with high levels of some heavy metals; however, it is a relevant source of prokaryotic diversity that we aim to explore. In this study, six strains related to the halophilic genus Pseudidiomarina were isolated from this habitat. The phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the fingerprinting analysis suggested that they constituted a single new species within the genus Pseudidiomarina. Comparative genomic analysis based on the OGRIs indices and the phylogeny inferred from the core genome were performed considering all the members of the family Idiomarinaceae. Additionally, a completed phenotypic characterization, as well as the fatty acid profile, were also carried out. Due to the characteristics of the habitat, genomic functions related to salinity and high heavy metal concentrations were studied, along with the global metabolism of the six isolates. Last, the ecological distribution of the isolates was studied in different hypersaline environments by genome recruitment. To sum up, the six strains constitute a new species within the genus Pseudidiomarina, for which the name Pseudidiomarina terrestris sp. nov. is proposed. The low abundance in all the studied hypersaline habitats indicates that it belongs to the rare biosphere in these habitats. In silico genome functional analysis suggests the presence of heavy metal transporters and pathways for nitrate reduction and nitrogen assimilation in low availability, among other metabolic traits.

An Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria (Including Members of the Phylum Planctomycetota) Isolated from Aquatic Host Species Described in 2018 to 2021

Increased interest in farmed aquatic species, aquatic conservation measures, and microbial metabolic end-product utilization have translated into a need for awareness and recognition of novel microbial species and revisions to bacterial taxonomy. Because this need has largely been unmet, through a 4-year literature review, we present lists of novel and revised bacterial species (including members of the phylum Planctomycetota) derived from aquatic hosts that can serve as a baseline for future biennial summaries of taxonomic revisions in this field. Most new and revised taxa were noted within oxidase-positive and/or nonglucose fermentative Gram-negative bacilli, including members of the Tenacibaculum, Flavobacterium, and Vibrio genera. Valid and effectively published novel members of the Streptococcus, Erysipelothrix, and Photobacterium genera are additionally described from disease pathogenesis perspectives.

Physiologic, Genomic, and Electrochemical Characterization of Two Heterotrophic Marine Sediment Microbes from the Idiomarina Genus

Extracellular electron transfer (EET), the process that allows microbes to exchange electrons in a redox capacity with solid interfaces such as minerals or electrodes, has been predominantly described in microbes that use iron during respiration. In this work, we characterize the physiology, genome, and electrochemical properties of two obligately heterotrophic marine microbes that were previously isolated from marine sediment cathode enrichments. Phylogenetic analysis of isolate 16S rRNA genes showed two strains, SN11 and FeN1, belonging to the genus Idiomarina. Strain SN11 was found to be nearly identical to I. loihiensis L2-TR^T, and strain FeN1 was most closely related to I. maritima 908087^T. Each strain had a relatively small genome (~2.8–2.9 MB). Phenotypic similarities among FeN1, SN11, and the studied strains include being Gram-negative, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and rod-shaped. Physiologically, all strains appeared to exclusively use amino acids as a primary carbon source for growth. This was consistent with genomic observations. Each strain contained 17 to 22 proteins with heme-binding motifs. None of these were predicted to be extracellular, although seven were of unknown localization and lacked functional annotation beyond cytochrome. Despite the lack of homology to known EET pathways, both FeN1 and SN11 were capable of sustained electron uptake over time in an electrochemical system linked to respiration. Given the association of these Idiomarina strains with electro-active biofilms in the environment and their lack of autotrophic capabilities, we predict that EET is used exclusively for respiration in these microbes.

Pseudidiomarina piscicola sp. nov., isolated from cultured European seabass, Dicenthrarchus labrax

Strain CECT 9734 ^T, a Gram-negative, aerobic, chemoorganotrophic bacterium, motile by polar flagella, was isolated from cultured European seabass, Dicenthrarchus labrax, in Spain. It grows from 5 to 42 ºC, 6–9 pH and 1–12% total salinity. Major cellular fatty acids are C_15:0 iso, summed feature 9 (C_17:1 iso w9c/C_16:0 10-methyl) and C_17:0 iso. The genome size is 2.5 Mbp and G + C content is 49.5 mol%. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence shows that the strain is a member of Pseudidiomarina, with highest similarities with Pseudidiomarina halophila (97.0%) and Pseudidiomarina salinarum (96.9%). Phylogenomic tree based on UBCG program shows P. halophila as its closest relative. ANI and in-silico DDH with other Pseudidiomarina spp. are lower than 87 and 20%, respectively, suggesting that strain CECT 9734 ^T represents a new species, for which we propose the name Pseudidiomarina piscicola sp. nov. and CECT 9734 ^T (= LUBLD50 7a^T = LMG 31044 ^T) as type strain.

Draft Genome Sequence of Idiomarina sp. Strain W-5T, Isolated from the Andaman Sea

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Idiomarina sp. strain W-5T, which was isolated from the Andaman Sea. The genome encodes 2,207 proteins. The Idiomarina sp. strain W-5T whole-genome sequence will help us to understand the metabolic diversity in marine bacteria.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Idiomarina sp. strain W-5T, which was isolated from the Andaman Sea. The genome encodes 2,207 proteins. The Idiomarina sp. strain W-5T whole-genome sequence will help us to understand the metabolic diversity in marine bacteria.

Genome-Based Analysis Reveals the Taxonomy and Diversity of the Family Idiomarinaceae

Idiomarinaceae is a family of Gram-stain negative, mesophilic euryhalophiles. To provide a robust framework for the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of bacteria of this family, we compared herein the genomes of 36 type strains and 43 non-type strains using 16S rRNA gene sequences, core genome based 78 single-copy orthologous proteins, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) estimation. The 79 bacteria of this family were consistently divided into taxon I, taxon II, and taxon III corresponding to the three genera Idiomarina, Pseudidiomarina, and Aliidiomarina, which contained 13 putative new genospecies in addition to 35 well-defined species represented by each type strain. Furthermore, genetic diversity of this family was evident at the genus- and species levels, and exceeded that which is defined currently by the named species. In view of multiple genotypic characteristics clearly distinct from the other two genera, we propose reinstating the genus Pseudidiomarina as a monophyletic taxon. Taken together, this is the first genome-based study of the taxonomy and diversity of bacteria within the family Idiomarinaceae, and will contribute to further insights into microbial evolution and adaptation to saline environments.

Idiomarina andamanensis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from Andaman Sea water

Two closely related aerobic, Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria (strain W5^T and W3) were isolated from Andaman Sea. Heterotrophic growth on marine agar was observed at 15-45 °C and pH 6-10. Strain W5^T showed maximum 16S rRNA sequence similarity of 99.58% with Idiomarina marina JCM 15083^T. DNA fingerprinting analysis by ERIC-REP PCR, PFGE and MLSA revealed differences in banding patterns, also DNA-DNA hybridization values were well below 70% confirming W5^T to be a new species. DNA G+C content was 46.7 mol%. Major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0, iso-C17:1 ω9c, iso-C13:0 3OH, iso-C11:0 3OH and C16:0. Polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) phospholipid (PL) two aminolipids (AL) and two unidentified lipids (L1-2). Q-8 is the predominant ubiquinone. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic study, strain W5^T is considered to be representative of a new species of the genus Idiomarina, for which the name Idiomarina andamanensis sp. nov. is being proposed. The type strain W5^T (= LMG 29773^T = JCM 31645^T) was isolated from Andaman Sea.

Short-Term Dynamics of North Sea Bacterioplankton-Dissolved Organic Matter Coherence on Molecular Level

Remineralization and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by marine microbes shape the DOM composition and thus, have large impact on global carbon and nutrient cycling. However, information on bacterioplankton-DOM interactions on a molecular level is limited. We examined the variation of bacterial community composition (BCC) at Helgoland Roads (North Sea) in relation to variation of molecular DOM composition and various environmental parameters on short-time scales. Surface water samples were taken daily over a period of 20 days. Bacterial community and molecular DOM composition were assessed via 16S rRNA gene tag sequencing and ultrahigh resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), respectively. Environmental conditions were driven by a coastal water influx during the first half of the sampling period and the onset of a summer phytoplankton bloom toward the end of the sampling period. These phenomena led to a distinct grouping of bacterial communities and DOM composition which was particularly influenced by total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentration, temperature, and salinity, as revealed by distance-based linear regression analyses. Bacterioplankton-DOM interaction was demonstrated in strong correlations between specific bacterial taxa and particular DOM molecules, thus, suggesting potential specialization on particular substrates. We propose that a combination of high resolution techniques, as used in this study, may provide substantial information on substrate generalists and specialists and thus, contribute to prediction of BCC variation.

Idiomarina planktonica sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strain TS-T11(T), was isolated from Tuosu lake, a saline lake (salinity 5.4%, w/v) in the Qaidam basin, Qinghai province, China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain TS-T11(T) were non-spore-forming rods, 0.6-0.8 µm wide and 0.8-2.2 µm long, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain TS-T11(T) was strictly heterotrophic and aerobic. Cells were positive for catalase and oxidase. Growth was observed in the presence of 0.5-11.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 4.0-6.0%), at 4-40 °C (optimum 30-35 °C) and at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum pH 7.5-8.5). Strain TS-T11(T) contained iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and iso-C17:1ω9c as the predominant fatty acids (>10%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The polar lipids consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and nine uncharacterized phospholipids. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 46.8 mol% (Tm). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TS-T11(T) was associated with the genus Idiomarina, and showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Idiomarina aestuarii KYW314(T) (97.4%) and Idiomarina salinarum ISL-52(T) (97.4%). DNA-DNA relatedness of strain TS-T11(T) to I. aestuarii JCM 16344(T) and I. salinarum DSM 21900(T) was 22.2 ± 2.4 and 11.5 ± 1.6%, respectively. Based on the data presented above, it was concluded that strain TS-T11(T) represents a novel species of the genus Idiomarina, for which the name Idiomarina planktonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS-T11(T) ( = CGMCC 1.12458(T) = JCM 19263(T)).

Genome sequence of Idiomarina xiamenensis type strain 10-D-4

Idiomarina xiamenensis strain 10-D-4(T) was isolated from an oil-degrading consortium enriched from surface seawater around the Xiamen island. Here, we present the draft genome of strain 10-D-4(T), which contains 2,899,282 bp with a G+C content of 49.48% and contains 2,673 protein-coding genes and 43 tRNA genes.