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Zaidi SEZ, Zaheer R, Zovoilis A, McAllister TA. Enterococci as a One Health indicator of antimicrobial resistance. Can J Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38696839 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in humans and livestock is concerning. Antimicrobials are essential for the treatment of disease in modern day medicine, and their misuse in humans and food animals has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Globally, antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a One Health problem affecting humans, animals, and environment. Enterococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria that are widely distributed in nature. Their occurrence, prevalence, and persistence across the One Health continuum make them an ideal candidate to study antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective. The objective of this review was to summarize the role of enterococci as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance across One Health sectors. We also briefly address the prevalence of enterococci in human, animal, and environmental settings. In addition, a 16S RNA gene-based phylogenetic tree was constructed to visualize the evolutionary relationship among enterococcal species and whether they segregate based on host environment. We also review the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in enterococcal species across the One Health continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani-E-Zehra Zaidi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Athanasios Zovoilis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Chung JH, Otoguro M, Yanagida F, Wu HC, Chang YC, Lee YS, Chen YS. Enterococcus alishanensis sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from fresh coffee beans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A coccus-shaped organism, designated ALS3T, was isolated from fresh coffee cherries collected at a farm located in the Ali Mountain region of Taiwan. Sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain ALS3T belongs to the genus
Enterococcus
and has more than 98.5 % sequence similarity to
Enterococcus pallens
and
Enterococcus hermanniensis
. When comparing the ALS3T genome with these two type strains, the average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 72.6–73.3 and 19.2 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA from strain ALS3T was 35.6 mol%. Results of sequence analysis, together with enzymatic activities and characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism, indicated that strain ALS3T is distinct and represents a novel species, for which the name Enterococcus alishanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ALS3T (=NBRC 109593T=BCRC 80605T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-hao Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Township Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Misa Otoguro
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1, Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Fujitoshi Yanagida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1, Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Hui-chung Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Township Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-chung Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Township Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Township Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-sheng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, De-Ming Rd., Gui-Shan Township Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan, ROC
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Graham K, Stack H, Rea R. Safety, beneficial and technological properties of enterococci for use in functional food applications - a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3836-3861. [PMID: 31924117 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1709800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that predominantly reside in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals but are also widespread in food and the environment due to their robust nature. Enterococci have the paradoxical position of providing several benefits of technological interest in food fermentations but are also considered as opportunistic pathogens capable of causing infection in immunocompromised patients. Several species of the genus have been correlated with disease development in humans such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and endocarditis. The pathogenesis of enterococci has been attributed to the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and the possession of virulence determinants. On the contrary, enterococci have led to improvements in the aroma, texture, and flavor of fermented dairy products, while their beneficial use as probiotic and protective cultures has also been documented. Furthermore, they have emerged as important candidates for the generation of bioactive peptides, particularly from milk, which provide new opportunities for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals for human nutrition and health. The detection of pathogenic traits among some species is compromising their use in food applications and subsequently, the genus neither has Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status nor has it been included in the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list. Nevertheless, the use of certain enterococcal strains in food has been permitted on the basis of a case-by-case assessment. Promisingly, enterococcal virulence factors appear strain specific and food isolates harbor fewer determinants than clinical isolates, while they also remain largely susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics and thus, have a lower potential for pathogenicity. Ideally, strains considered for use in foods should not possess any virulence determinants and should be susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics. Implementation of an appropriate risk/benefit analysis, establishment of a strain's innocuity, and consideration for relevant guidelines, legislation, and regulatory aspects surrounding functional food development, may help industry, health-staff and consumers accept enterococci, like other LAB, as important candidates for useful and beneficial applications in food biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Helena Stack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rosemary Rea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
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Park DH, Kothari D, Niu KM, Han SG, Yoon JE, Lee HG, Kim SK. Effect of Fermented Medicinal Plants as Dietary Additives on Food Preference and Fecal Microbial Quality in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090690. [PMID: 31527540 PMCID: PMC6770862 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dog foods are becoming more equivalent to human foods, and functional additives are being included in their diets to promote health. In this study, turmeric, glasswort, and Ganghwa mugwort were used as medicinal plants and were subjected to fermentation by autochthonous Enterococcus faecium. Fermentation significantly improved the in vitro antioxidant activities of these plants. Food preference tests of dog foods containing these fermented medicinal plants were conducted in beagles. Abstract This research determined the antioxidant activities of medicinal plants fermented by Enterococcus faecium and their subsequent applications as dog food additives. Turmeric (5%, w/v), glasswort (2.5%, w/v), Ganghwa mugwort (2.5%, w/v), and their mixture (5%, w/v) were fermented by autochthonous E. faecium (1%, v/v) for 72 h. Bacterial cell counts and pH were monitored during fermentation. Total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and intracellular superoxide scavenging activity in bovine mammary alveolar epithelial (MAC-T) cells were measured with the fermented and non-fermented samples. Only the antioxidant capacity of the mixture was increased after fermentation. However, intracellular superoxide level in MAC-T cells was significantly reduced after treatment with fermented plant samples (p < 0.001) as compared with that in non-fermented plants. Fermented plants were then sprayed at 1% (v/w) onto dog foods. TPC, TFC, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of dog foods were significantly enhanced after the addition of fermented plants. Food preference testing was conducted using a two-pan method—control diet vs. four treatment diets—for 4 days for each additive diet, a total 16 days in 9 beagles. Feces were collected to enumerate bacterial counts. Preferences for glasswort and Ganghwa mugwort were higher than those of the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, fecal microbiota enumeration displayed a higher number of beneficial microorganisms in treated groups. These results suggest that fermented plants with enhanced antioxidant abilities might be useful as potential additives for dog foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Team of an Educational Program of Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Damini Kothari
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kai-Min Niu
- Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jee Eun Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Team of an Educational Program of Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Oravcova V, Svec P, Literak I. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vanA and vanB genes in Australian gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:316-318. [PMID: 28464539 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is revealing the possible dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from humans into the wildlife. We studied silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) in Australia as potential carriers and reservoirs of VRE with acquired vancomycin resistance. In New South Wales (Australia), we have found two multi-resistant isolates belonging to Enterococcus faecium (sequence type 341, vanB genotype) and Enterococcus dispar (vanA genotype). Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of VRE in Australian wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Oravcova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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