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Abstract
AbstractYeasts, usually defined as unicellular fungi, occur in various fungal lineages. Hence, they are not a taxonomic unit, but rather represent a fungal lifestyle shared by several unrelated lineages. Although the discovery of new yeast species occurs at an increasing speed, at the current rate it will likely take hundreds of years, if ever, before they will all be documented. Many parts of the earth, including many threatened habitats, remain unsampled for yeasts and many others are only superficially studied. Cold habitats, such as glaciers, are home to a specific community of cold-adapted yeasts, and, hence, there is some urgency to study such environments at locations where they might disappear soon due to anthropogenic climate change. The same is true for yeast communities in various natural forests that are impacted by deforestation and forest conversion. Many countries of the so-called Global South have not been sampled for yeasts, despite their economic promise. However, extensive research activity in Asia, especially China, has yielded many taxonomic novelties. Comparative genomics studies have demonstrated the presence of yeast species with a hybrid origin, many of them isolated from clinical or industrial environments. DNA-metabarcoding studies have demonstrated the prevalence, and in some cases dominance, of yeast species in soils and marine waters worldwide, including some surprising distributions, such as the unexpected and likely common presence of Malassezia yeasts in marine habitats.
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Description of Deinococcus oregonensis sp. nov., from biological soil crusts in the Southwestern arid lands of the United States of America. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:69-76. [PMID: 27515516 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological soil crusts are distinct habitats, harbor unique prokaryotic diversity and gave an impetus to isolate novel species. In the present study, a pink-pigmented bacterium, (OR316-6T), was isolated from biological soil crusts using oligotrophic BG11-PGY medium. Strain OR316-6T was Gram-positive, short rods, non-motile and non-spore forming. Cells were positive for catalase, oxidase and β-galactosidase and negative for most of the enzymatic activities. The major fatty acids present were C16:0, C17:0, and C16:1ω7c and contained MK-8 and MK-10 as the predominant menaquinones. The cell wall peptidoglycan was of A3β variant with L-ornithine as the diamino acid. Based on the above characteristics, strain OR316-6T was assigned to the genus Deinococcus. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain OR316-6T was closely related to D. aquatilis DSM 23025T with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 99.3 % and clustered with a bootstrap value of 100 %. DNA-DNA similarity between strain OR316-6T and D. aquatilis DSM 23025T was 37.0 % indicating that strain OR316-6T was a novel species. Further, DNA fingerprinting of stains OR316-6T and D. aquatilis DSM 23035T demonstrated that both strains were related to each other with a similarity coefficient of only 0.32 and supported the species status to strain OR316-6T. In addition, phenotypic characteristics distinguished strain OR316-6T from D. aquatilis DSM 23025T. Based on the cumulative differences, strain OR316-16T exhibited with its closely related species, it was identified as a novel species and proposed the name Deinococcus oregonensis sp. nov. The type strain is D. oregonensis sp. nov. (OR316-6T = JCM 13503T = DSM 17762T).
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Wang QM, Yurkov A, Göker M, Lumbsch H, Leavitt S, Groenewald M, Theelen B, Liu XZ, Boekhout T, Bai FY. Phylogenetic classification of yeasts and related taxa within Pucciniomycotina. Stud Mycol 2016; 81:149-89. [PMID: 26951631 PMCID: PMC4777780 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most small genera containing yeast species in the Pucciniomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) are monophyletic, whereas larger genera including Bensingtonia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus and Sporobolomyces are polyphyletic. With the implementation of the “One Fungus = One Name” nomenclatural principle these polyphyletic genera were revised. Nine genera, namely Bannoa, Cystobasidiopsis, Colacogloea, Kondoa, Erythrobasidium, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Sakaguchia and Sterigmatomyces, were emended to include anamorphic and teleomorphic species based on the results obtained by a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, phylogenetic network analyses, branch length-based methods, as well as morphological, physiological and biochemical comparisons. A new class Spiculogloeomycetes is proposed to accommodate the order Spiculogloeales. The new families Buckleyzymaceae with Buckleyzyma gen. nov., Chrysozymaceae with Chrysozyma gen. nov., Microsporomycetaceae with Microsporomyces gen. nov., Ruineniaceae with Ruinenia gen. nov., Symmetrosporaceae with Symmetrospora gen. nov., Colacogloeaceae and Sakaguchiaceae are proposed. The new genera Bannozyma, Buckleyzyma, Fellozyma, Hamamotoa, Hasegawazyma, Jianyunia, Rhodosporidiobolus, Oberwinklerozyma, Phenoliferia, Pseudobensingtonia, Pseudohyphozyma, Sampaiozyma, Slooffia, Spencerozyma, Trigonosporomyces, Udeniozyma, Vonarxula, Yamadamyces and Yunzhangia are proposed to accommodate species segregated from the genera Bensingtonia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus and Sporobolomyces. Ballistosporomyces is emended and reintroduced to include three Sporobolomyces species of the sasicola clade. A total of 111 new combinations are proposed in this study.
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Key Words
- B. aurantiaca (Saito) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. kluyveri-nielii (van der Walt) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. ogasawarensis (Hamam., Thanh & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. phyllomatis (van der Walt & Y. Yamada) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. salicina (B.N. Johri & Bandoni) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. syzygii (Hamam., Thanh & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. taupoensis (Hamam. & Nakase) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- B. yamatoana (Nakase, M. Suzuki & M. Itoh) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Ballistosporomycessasicola (Nakase & M. Suzuki) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Bannoabischofiae (Hamam., Thanh & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Bannozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Bannozymaarctica (Vishniac & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Buckleyzyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Buckleyzymaarmeniaca (R.G. Shivas & Rodr. Mir.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Buckleyzymaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. diffluens (Ruinen) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. eucalyptica (C.H. Pohl, M.S. Smit & Albertyn) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. falcata (Nakase, M. Itoh & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. foliorum (Ruinen) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. griseoflava (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. lophatheri (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee, Jindam. & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. philyla (van der Walt, Klift & D.B. Scott) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. retinophila (Thanh, M.S. Smit, Moleleki & Fell) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- C. terpenoidalis (Thanh, M.S. Smit, Moleleki & Fell) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Chrysozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Chrysozymaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Chrysozymafushanensis (Nakase, F.L. Lee & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Colacogloeaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Colacogloeacycloclastica (Thanh, M.S. Smit, Moleleki & Fell) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Cystobasidiopsislactophilus (Nakase, M. Itoh, M. Suzuki & Bandoni) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Cystobasidiumportillonense (F. Laich, I. Vaca & R. Chávez) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- E. yunnanense (F.Y. Bai, M. Takash., Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Erythrobasidiumelongatum (R.G. Shivas & Rodr. Mir.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Fellozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Fellozymainositophila (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Fungi
- GMYC approach
- H. singularis (Phaff & do Carmo-Sousa) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Hamamotoa Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Hamamotoalignophila (Dill, C. Ramírez & González) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Hasegawazyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Hasegawazymalactosa (Hasegawa) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Jianyunia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Jianyuniasakaguchii (Sugita, M. Takash., Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- K. miscanthi (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- K. phyllada (van der Walt & Y. Yamada) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- K. sorbi (F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- K. subrosea (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- K. thailandica (Fungsin, Hamam. & Nakase ) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- K. yuccicola (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- Kondoachangbaiensis (F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang) Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew., F.Y. Bai & Boekhout
- M. magnisporus (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee, Sugita, Jindam. & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- M. orientis (Pohl, M.S. Smit & Albertyn) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- M. pini (Pohl, M.S. Smit & Albertyn) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Microsporomyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Microsporomycesbloemfonteinensis (Pohl, M.S. Smit & Albertyn) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Microsporomycetaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Molecular phylogeny
- O. straminea (Golubev & Scorzetti) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- O. yarrowii (Á. Fonseca & van Uden) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Oberwinklerozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Oberwinklerozymasilvestris (Golubev & Scorzetti) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. buffonii (C. Ramírez) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. corallina (N. Furuya & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. dimennae (Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. glacialis (Margesin & J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. himalayensis (Shivaji, Bhadra & Rao) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. linderae (Nakase, M. Takash. & Hamam.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. musae (M. Takash., S.O. Suh & Nakase) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. novozealandica (Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. producta (N. Furuya & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. psychrophila (Margesin & J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. pustula (Buhagiar) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- P. subbrunnea (Nakase & M. Suzuki) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Phenoliferia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Phenoliferiapsychrophenolica (Margesin & J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Phyllozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Phyllozymacoprosmicola (Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Phylogenetic rank boundary optimisation
- Pseudobensingtonia F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Pseudobensingtoniaingoldii (Nakase & Itoh.) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Pseudohyphozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Pseudohyphozymabogoriensis (Deinema) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Pucciniomycotina
- R. azoricus (J.P. Samp. & Gadanho) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. babjevae (Golubev) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. colostri (T. Castelli) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. diobovata (S.Y. Newell & I.L. Hunter) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. diospyroris (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee, Jindam. & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. dracophylli (Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. kratochvilovae (Hamam., Sugiy. & Komag.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. lusitaniae (Á. Fonseca & J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. microsporus (Higham ex Fell, Blatt & Statzell) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. nylandii (M. Takash. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. odoratus (J.P. Samp., Á. Fonseca & Valério) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. paludigena (Fell & Tallman) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. poonsookiae (M. Takash. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. pyrrosiae (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee, Jindam. & M. Takash.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. rubra (Nakase, Oakada & Sugiy.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. ruineniae (Holzschu, Tredick & Phaff) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. sphaerocarpa (S.Y. Newell & Fell) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- R. toruloides (I. Banno) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Rhodosporidiobolus Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis (Fell, Kurtzman, Tallman & J.D. Buck) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Rhodotorulaalborubescens (Derx) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Groenew. & Boekhout
- Ruinenia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Ruineniaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Ruineniaclavata (F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. oryzae (F.Y. Bai & Y.M. Cai) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. foliicola (R.G. Shivas & Rodr. Mir.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. gracilis (Derx) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. johnsonii (Nyland) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. lamellibrachiae (Nagah., Hamam., Nakase & Horikoshi) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. marina (Phaff, Mrak & Williams) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. meli (Libkind, van Broock & J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. novozelandica (W.B. Kendr. & X.D. Gong) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Groenewald & Boekhout
- S. pilati (F.H. Jacob, Faure-Raynaud & Berton) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. pulcherrima (J.E. Wright) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Groenewald & Boekhout
- S. symmetrica (F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. tsugae (Phaff & do Carmo-Sousa) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. vanillica (J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- S. vermiculata (M. Takash. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Sakaguchiaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Sakaguchiacladiensis (Fell, Statzell & Scorzetti) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Sampaiozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Sampaiozymaingeniosa (Di Menna) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Slooffia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Slooffia cresolica (Middelhoven & Spaaij) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Spencerozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Spencerozymacrocea (Shifrine & Phaff) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Spiculogloeomycetes Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Sporobolomyceslongiusculus (Libkind, van Broock & J.P. Samp.) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Sterigmatomyceshyphaenes (Har. & Pat.) F.Y. Bai, Q.M. Wang, Groenewald & Boekhout
- Symmetrospora Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Symmetrosporaceae Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Symmetrosporacoprosmae (Hamam. & Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Taxonomy
- Trigonosporomyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Trigonosporomyceshylophilus (van der Walt, van der Klift & D.B. Scott) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Udeniozyma Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Udeniozymaferulica (J.P. Samp. & van Uden) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Ustilentylomagraminis (Rodr. Mir. & Diem) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Vonarxula Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Vonarxulajavanica (Ruinen) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Y. sonckii (Hopsu-Havu, Tunnela & Yarrow) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Yamadamyces Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Yamadamycesrosulatus (Golubev & Scorzetti) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Yeasts
- Yunzhangia Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
- Yunzhangiaauriculariae (Nakase) Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout
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Affiliation(s)
- Q.-M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - A.M. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Göker
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H.T. Lumbsch
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - S.D. Leavitt
- Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - M. Groenewald
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS–KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Theelen
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS–KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - X.-Z. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - T. Boekhout
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS–KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: T. Boekhout; F.-Y. Bai
| | - F.-Y. Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS–KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: T. Boekhout; F.-Y. Bai
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