Brevibacillus dissolubilis sp. nov., Isolated from Fresh Water

A Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic, motile, ellipsoidal endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated CHY01^T, was isolated from the Chishui river in a section of Maotai Town, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Strain CHY01^T was found to grow optimally at pH 8.0 and 28 °C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain CHY01^T belonged to the genus Brevibacillus and clustered with the type strain of Brevibacillus panacihumi, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.8%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were C_14:0, iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:0, C_15:1iso-H and/or C_13:0 3-OH, and C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 6.1 Mbp and a G + C content of 50.6%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed strain CHY01^T to be distinguished genotypically and phenotypically from Brevibacillus species with validly published names. Pairwise determined whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values suggested that strain CHY01^T represents a new species, for which we propose the name Brevibacillus dissolubilis sp. nov. with the type strain CHY01^T (= CGMCC 1.15916 ^T = KCTC 33863 ^T).

Hymenobacter bucti sp. nov., isolated from subsurface sandstone sediment

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated DK6-66^T, was isolated from subsurface sandstone sediment located in the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai Province, Northwest China. Strain DK6-66^T was found to grow optimally at pH 7.0 and 22 °C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain DK6-66^T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter and clustered with the type strain of Hymenobacter arcticus, with which it exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 98.2 %. The DNA G+C content was 60.4 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, anteiso-C17 : 1 B and/or iso-C17 : 1 I, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω5c. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain DK6-66^T was classified in the genus Hymenobacter as a member of a novel species, for which the name Hymenobacterbucti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DK6-66^T (=CGMCC 1.15795^T=KCTC 52629^T).

Flavobacterium ureilyticum sp. nov., a novel urea hydrolysing bacterium isolated from stream bank soil

A novel bacterium designated S-42^T was isolated from stream bank soil. Cells were found to be aerobic, Gram staining-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and yellow-pigmented. The strain can grow at 15-35 °C, pH 6.0-10.0, and at 0.5% (w/v) NaCl concentration. Urea was hydrolysed. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain S-42^T formed a lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes that is distinct from various species of the genus Flavobacterium, including Flavobacterium maotaiense T9^T (97.6% sequence similarity), Flavobacterium hibernum ATCC 51468^T (97.4%), and Flavobacterium granuli Kw05^T (97.1%). The 16S rRNA gene sequences identity between strain S-42^T and other members of the genus Flavobacterium were < 97.0%. Strain S-42^T contains MK-6 as sole respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminolipid. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_{16: 1}ω6c), C_16:0, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, and iso-C_15:1 G. The DNA G + C content of the strain was 35.8 mol%. The polyphasic characterization indicated that strain S-42^T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium ureilyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-42^T (= KEMB 9005-537^T = KACC 19115^T = NBRC 112683^T).

Flavobacterium zaozhuangense sp. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from metolachlor-contaminated soil

Strain ZZ-8^T, a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from metolachlor-contaminated soil in China. The taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZZ-8^T is a member of the genus Flavobacterium and shows high sequence similarity to Flavobacterium humicola UCM-46^T (97.2%) and Flavobacterium pedocola UCM-R36^T (97.1%), and lower (< 97%) sequence similarity to other known Flavobacterium species. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain ZZ-8^T possessed MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone; and iso-C_15:0 (28.5%), summed feature 9 (iso-C_17:1 w9c/C_16:0 10-methyl, 22.9%), iso-C_17:0 3-OH (17.0%), iso-C_15:0 3-OH (8.9%), iso-C_15:1 G (8.6%) and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 w7c/C_16:1 w6c, 5.7%) as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain ZZ-8^T were determined to be lipids, a glycolipid, aminolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain ZZ-8^T showed low DNA-DNA relatedness with F. pedocola UCM-R36^T (43.23 ± 4.1%) and F. humicola UCM-46^T (29.17 ± 3.8%). The DNA G+C content was 43.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and DNA-DNA hybridization, strain ZZ-8^T is considered a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium zaozhuangense sp. nov. (type strain ZZ-8^T = KCTC 62315 ^T = CCTCC AB 2017243^T) is proposed.

Flavobacterium chuncheonense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium luteum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake

Two Gram-staining-negative, orange coloured, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T, were isolated from a freshwater sample collected from Lake Soyang in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T were most closely related to Flavobacterium psychrophilum (96.5 %) and Flavobacterium myungsuense (97.7 %), respectively. DNA G+C contents of strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T were 37.8 and 33.7 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC26026^T and F. myungsuense HMD1033^T was 56.4 %, showing a novel species status of strain IMCC26026^T. Major fatty acid constituents (>10 %) of strain IMCC26013^T were iso-C15 : 1 G, C15 : 1 ω6c, C17 : 1 ω6c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and those of strain IMCC26026^T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3. Respiratory quinone detected in the two strains was MK-6. Both strains contained phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar lipid. On the basis of these results, strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T were considered to represent novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium chuncheonense (type strain IMCC26013^T=KCTC 52573^T=NBRC 112526^T), and Flavobacterium luteum (type strain IMCC26026^T=KCTC 52572^T=NBRC 112527^T) are proposed, respectively.

Flavobacterium soyangense sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium, isolated from an oligotrophic freshwater lake

A bacterial strain, designated IMCC26223T, was isolated from an oligotrophic freshwater lake, Lake Soyang, Korea. Cells of strain IMCC26223T were Gram-staining negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and short-rod-shaped. Growth occurred at pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 7.0), at 4-25 °C (optimum, 15 °C) and with 0-0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMCC26223T was identified as a member of the genus Flavobacterium and most closely related to Flavobacterium fluvii H7T (97.6 %), Flavobacterium segetis AT1048T (97.5 %) and Flavobacterium weaverense AT1042T (97.2 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC26223T and F. fluvii H7T was 41.5-51.7 % in the reciprocal hybridization. Strain IMCC26223T contained MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids consisted of C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain IMCC26223T was 34.5 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene phylogeny and phenotypic characterization, strain IMCC26223T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium soyangense sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is IMCC26223T (=KCTC 52245T=JCM 31384T).

Draft Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium succinicans Strain DD5b

We present the first 3.315-Mbp assembled draft genome sequence of Flavobacterium succinicans strain DD5b. This bacterium is a phosphite-assimilating representative of the genus Flavobacterium isolated from guts of the zooplankton Daphnia magna.

Bacterial and Archaeal Diversities in Maotai Section of the Chishui River, China

The Chishui River is the last undammed tributary of the upper Yangtze River, extends cross Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, and it is the significant water source of Maotai liquor, Southwest of China. We investigated microbial community of the Chishui River in the Maotai town section, because of deep relationship between the water and the most famous Chinese liquor, Maotai liquor. In this study, diversities of bacteria and archaea of four seasons were analyzed in two different sampling sites using a barcoded 16S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing approach. The results show that the predominant community among all bacteria is Proteobacteria (70.16-94.29 %), of which Gamma-proteobacteria made up the largest portion. Bacterial community structure in spring and autumn tended to group together, and the operational taxonomic units of bacteria peaked in summer. The quantitative PCR (q-PCR) results revealed significantly higher number of gene copies in the downstream than that in the upstream, and were slightly higher in summer and spring than other seasons. Archaeal community structures had no obvious regular pattern, and species richness was higher in downstream in all seasons. Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota were the dominant groups in archaeal populations, and abundant ammonia-oxidizing archaea was detected. The study significantly improved our understanding of microbial community in Maotai section of the Chishui River, where the unique and world-famous Maotai liquor is produced.

Flavobacterium procerum sp. nov., isolated from freshwater

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain T3T, was isolated from freshwater of Chishui River flowing through Maotai town, Guizhou, south-west China. Analysis of the16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain T3T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium and closely related to Flavobacterium resistens DSM 19382T (96.8  %). The novel strain was able to grow at 10–34 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 6.0–11.0 (optimum pH 8.0–9.0) and with 0–2.0  % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0  %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown glycolipids, five unknown aminolipids and four unidentified lipids, and the major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant fatty acids were C16  :  1ω7c and/or C16  :  1ω6c and iso-C15  :  0. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 36 mol  %. Based on these data, strain T3T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium procerum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T3T ( = CGMCC 1.12926T = JCM 30113T).