Flavobacterium cellulosilyticum sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic bacterium isolated from Arctic soil

A novel psychrophilic, light-yellow-coloured, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain AR-3-4^T was isolated from a sample of Arctic soil. Strain AR-3-4^T grew at 0-25 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and 0-1.0 % (w/v) NaCl concentration. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AR-3-4^T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, with nearest phylogenetic neighbour being Flavobacterium fluvii H7^T (97.5 % sequence similarity). The strain comprised phosphatidylethanolamine as the main polar lipid, MK-6 as predominant respiratory quinone, and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1ω7c and/or C_16 : 1ω6c), anteiso-C_15 : 0 and iso-C_15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain AR-3-4^T and closest members were below the threshold values of 95 % and 70 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 33.0 mol%. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, the novel species Flavobacterium cellulosilyticum sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain AR-3-4^T (=KEMB 9005-740^T=KACC 21171^T=NBRC 113787^T).

Flavobacterium chuncheonense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium luteum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake

Two Gram-staining-negative, orange coloured, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T, were isolated from a freshwater sample collected from Lake Soyang in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that both strains belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T were most closely related to Flavobacterium psychrophilum (96.5 %) and Flavobacterium myungsuense (97.7 %), respectively. DNA G+C contents of strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T were 37.8 and 33.7 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC26026^T and F. myungsuense HMD1033^T was 56.4 %, showing a novel species status of strain IMCC26026^T. Major fatty acid constituents (>10 %) of strain IMCC26013^T were iso-C15 : 1 G, C15 : 1 ω6c, C17 : 1 ω6c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and those of strain IMCC26026^T were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3. Respiratory quinone detected in the two strains was MK-6. Both strains contained phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar lipid. On the basis of these results, strains IMCC26013^T and IMCC26026^T were considered to represent novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium chuncheonense (type strain IMCC26013^T=KCTC 52573^T=NBRC 112526^T), and Flavobacterium luteum (type strain IMCC26026^T=KCTC 52572^T=NBRC 112527^T) are proposed, respectively.