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Tajima Y, Tashiro T, Furukawa T, Murata K, Takaki A, Sugahara K, Sakagami A, Inaba M, Marutsuka T, Hirata N. Pulmonary Nocardiosis With Endobronchial Involvement Caused by Nocardiaaraoensis. Chest 2024; 165:e1-e4. [PMID: 38199738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of pulmonary nocardiosis with endobronchial involvement caused by Nocardia araoensis. A 79-year-old man with a history of asthma and a previous right upper lobectomy for lung cancer and organizing pneumonia presented with cough and dyspnea. He presented with right bronchial stenosis associated with various mucosal lesions, including ulcerative and exophytic lesions. N araoensis was detected in sputum samples collected via bronchoscopy. The mucosal lesions improved after a 2-week course of meropenem. After a further 6 months of oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim treatment, the mucosal lesions completely disappeared. Based on bronchoscopic and pathophysiologic findings, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary nocardiosis with endobronchial involvement. Nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tashiro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuguhiro Furukawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsumi Murata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Takaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sugahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Inaba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Marutsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Tainoshima, Minami-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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2
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Liang Y, Lin M, Qiu L, Chen M, Tan C, Tu C, Zheng X, Liu J. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with Nocardia genus detection by metagenomic next generation sequencing in a tertiary hospital from southern China. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:772. [PMID: 37940842 PMCID: PMC10634012 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As an opportunistic pathogen, Nocardia often occurring in the immunocompromised hosts. As the unspecifc clinical presentation and low identification rate of the culture dependent methods, Nocardia infection may be under-diagnosis. Recent study have reported physicians could benefit from metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in Nocardia diagnosis. Herein, we present patients with a positive detection of nocardiosis in mNGS, aiming to provide useful information for an differential diagnosis and patients management. METHODS A total of 3756 samples detected for mNGS from March 2019 to April 2022 at the Fifth Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, were screened. Clinical records, laboratory finding, CT images and mNGS results were reviewed for 19 patients who were positive for Nocardia genus. RESULTS Samples from low respiratory tract obtained by bronchoscope took the major part of the positive (15/19). 12 of 19 cases were diagnosis as Nocardiosis Disease (ND) and over half of the ND individuals (7/12) were geriatric. Nearly all of them (10/12) were immunocompetent and 2 patients in ND group were impressively asymptomatic. Cough was the most common symptom. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (4/12) was more frequently occurring in ND, followed by Nocardia abscessus (3/12). There are 3 individuals detected more than one kind of Nocardia species (Supplementary table 1). Except one with renal failure and one allergic to sulfamethoxazole, all of them received co-sulfonamide treatment and relieved eventually. CONCLUSION Our study deciphered the clinical features of patients with positive nocardiosis detected by mNGS. Greater attention should be paid to the ND that occurred in the immunocompetent host and the geriatric. Due to the difficulties in establishing diagnosis of Nocardiosis disease, mNGS should play a much more essential role for a better assessment in those intractable cases. Co-sulfonamide treatment should still be the first choice of Nocardiosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lidi Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease Intensive Care Unit, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meizhu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cuiyan Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changli Tu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 East Meihua Rd, Zhuhai City, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
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3
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Wang X, Wei M, Pu J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Zhou J, Wang L, Yang J, Li Z, Zhu X. Nocardia sputi sp. nov. isolated from the sputum of patients with pulmonary infection. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped actinomycetes (strains CY18T and CY8) were isolated from the sputum of two patients with pulmonary infections, and their taxonomic status was investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequences and the results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that CY18T and CY8 were identical (100 %) and were most closely related to
Nocardia beijingensis
CGMCC 4.1521T (99.9 %) and
Nocardia araoensis
NBRC 100135T (99.5 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids of CY18T and CY8 were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ɷ7c and/or C16 : 1ɷ6c), and the major menaquinone was MK-8(H4ω-cycl).The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell hydrolytic sugar pattern consisted of arabinose and glucose. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids.The DNA G+C contents of CY18T and CY8 were 67.9 and 68.0 % respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the two novel strains and closely related species were well under the 70 % and 95–96 % thresholds, respectively, but these values between the two novel strains were 95.5 % and 99.5 %, respectively. On the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the results of phylogenetic analyses, strains CY18T and CY8 represent a novel species of the genus
Nocardia
, for which the name Nocardia sputi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CY18T (=GDMCC 1.3318T = JCM 33932T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
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Nakagoshi K, Yaguchi T, Takahashi K, Morizumi S, Nishiyama M, Takahashi Y, Iwamura S, Sumitomo K, Shinohara T. Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia pneumoniae mimicking non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease. QJM 2022; 115:625-626. [PMID: 35587749 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Nakagoshi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - T Yaguchi
- Division of Bio-resources, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - S Morizumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - M Nishiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - S Iwamura
- Department of Medical Examination, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Health Care Center, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - K Sumitomo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
| | - T Shinohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8509, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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5
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Nocardia rosealba sp. nov., a novel ligninase-producing Actinobacterium isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel ligninase-producing actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-G4T, was isolated from a soil sample and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study to establish its status. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus
Nocardia
, with the highest sequence similarity to
Nocardia ignorata
DSM 44496T (99.2 %). The whole-cell sugars contained galactose and arabinose. The amino acid of the cell wall was determined to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω9c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 1
ω7c. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8(H6, ω-cycl). The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Strain NEAU-G4T had a draft genome size of 6 405 167 bp, annotated with 5815 protein-coding genes. The DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences showed that strain NEAU-G4T formed a stable phyletic line with
N. ignorata
DSM 44496T. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between them were 63.7 % (60.8–66.5 %) and 95.5 %, respectively. Moreover, genomic analysis indicated that strain NEAU-G4T had the potential to degrade lignin and produce bioactive compounds. On the basis of genotypic analysis, physiological data, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, it is concluded that the organism be classified as representing a novel species of the genus
Nocardia
, for which the name Nocardia rosealba sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-G4T (=CCTCC AA 2020038T=DSM 111936T).
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6
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Guzman KM, Yuet KP, Lynch SR, Liu CW, Khosla C. Properties of a "Split-and-Stuttering" Module of an Assembly Line Polyketide Synthase. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11100-11106. [PMID: 33755455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the "one-module-one-elongation-cycle" paradigm of assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs), some PKSs harbor modules that iteratively elongate their substrates through a defined number of cycles. While some insights into module iteration, also referred to as "stuttering", have been derived through in vivo and in vitro analysis of a few PKS modules, a general understanding of the mechanistic principles underlying module iteration remains elusive. This report serves as the first interrogation of a stuttering module from a trans-AT subfamily PKS that is also naturally split across two polypeptides. Previous work has shown that Module 5 of the NOCAP (nocardiosis associated polyketide) synthase iterates precisely three times in the biosynthesis of its polyketide product, resulting in an all-trans-configured triene moiety in the polyketide product. Here, we describe the intrinsic catalytic properties of this NOCAP synthase module. Through complementary experiments in vitro and in E. coli, the "split-and-stuttering" module was shown to catalyze up to five elongation cycles, although its dehydratase domain ceased to function after three cycles. Unexpectedly, the central olefinic group of this truncated product had a cis configuration. Our findings set the stage for further in-depth analysis of a structurally and functionally unusual PKS module with contextual biosynthetic plasticity.
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Li J, Shen H, Yu T, Tao XY, Hu YM, Wang HC, Zou MX. Isolation and Characterization of Nocardia Species from Pulmonary Nocardiosis in a tertiary hospital in China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:31-35. [PMID: 34053953 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia species isolated from pulmonary nocardiosis cases in tertiary hospital in China. The species were collected from January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 and identified using MALDI-TOF MS or PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Within the 44 Nocardia species, N. farcinica was the most frequently identified species (n = 36), followed by N. nova (n = 5), N. otitidiscaviarum (n = 1), N. cyriacigeorgica (n = 1), and N. transvalensis (n = 1). The top three predisposing factors of pulmonary nocardiosis were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (45.5%), hypertension (34.1%), and tuberculosis (31.8%). All 44 Nocardia strains were susceptible to amikacin, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, and linezolid. The resistance rates of Nocardia to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, ceftriaxone, tobramycin, and imipenem were 4.5%, 9.1%, 79.5%, 72.7%, 63.6%, and 38.6%, respectively. Two Nocardia strains had decreased sensitivity to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole. In conclusion, N. farcinica was the most frequently isolated Nocardia species in the First Hospital of Changsha. All isolated clinical Nocardia strains showed susceptible to amikacin, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, and linezolid, suggesting that these drugs can be primary therapeutic choices for treating Nocardia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Yong-Mei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Hai-Chen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
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8
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Nouioui I, Cortés-Albayay C, Neumann-Schaal M, Vicente D, Cilla G, Klenk HP, Marimón JM, Ercibengoa M. Genomic Virulence Features of Two Novel Species Nocardia barduliensis sp. nov. and Nocardia gipuzkoensis sp. nov., Isolated from Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101517. [PMID: 33019781 PMCID: PMC7600791 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains 335427T and 234509T, isolated from two 76-year-old patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, were the subject of polyphasic taxonomic studies and comparative genomic analyses for virulence factors. The 16 rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains 335427T and 234509T and their closest phylogenetic neighbors Nocardia asiatica NBRC 100129T and Nocardia abscessus NBRC 100374T were 99.5% and 100%, respectively. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the aforementioned studied strains were well below the 70% threshold for assigning prokaryotic strains to a novel species. Strains 335427T and 234509T have genome sizes of 8.49 Mpb and 8.07 Mpb, respectively, with G + C content of 68.5%. Isolate 335427T has C16:0, C18:1 ω9c, C18:0 and C18:0 10 methyl as major fatty acids (>15%) and mycolic acids formed of 52-54 carbon atoms. However, only C18:1 ω9c was detected for isolate 234509T, which had mycolic acids with 44-56 carbon. Based on phenotypic and genetic data, strains 335427T (DSM 109819T = CECT 9924T) and 234509T (DSM 111366T = CECT 30129T) merit recognition as novel species, which are named Nocardia barduliensis sp. nov. and Nocardia gipuzkoensis sp. nov., respectively. All the strains studied had homologous VF-associated genes to those described in M. tuberculosis, including experimentally verified virulence genes in humans related to tuberculosis. The narGHIJ (nitrate reduction pathway) and gvpAFGOJLMK (gas vesicles) genetic maps of strains 335427T, 234509T, NBRC 100129T and NBRC 100374T showed the same syntenic block and raise the question of whether their functions are interlinked during the infection of the human host. However, further research is required to decipher the role of the gas vesicle in the pathogenicity mechanism of Nocardia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nouioui
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Correspondence: (I.N.); (M.E.)
| | - Carlos Cortés-Albayay
- Laboratory of Microbial Complexity and Functional Ecology, Antofagasta Institute, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Diego Vicente
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Microbiology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.V.); (G.C.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Gustavo Cilla
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Microbiology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.V.); (G.C.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Jose María Marimón
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Microbiology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.V.); (G.C.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Maria Ercibengoa
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, Microbiology Department, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (D.V.); (G.C.); (J.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.N.); (M.E.)
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9
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Yuet KP, Liu CW, Lynch SR, Kuo J, Michaels W, Lee RB, McShane AE, Zhong BL, Fischer CR, Khosla C. Complete Reconstitution and Deorphanization of the 3 MDa Nocardiosis-Associated Polyketide Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5952-5957. [PMID: 32182063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several Nocardia strains associated with nocardiosis, a potentially life-threatening disease, house a nonamodular assembly line polyketide synthase (PKS) that presumably synthesizes an unknown polyketide. Here, we report the discovery and structure elucidation of the NOCAP (nocardiosis-associated polyketide) aglycone by first fully reconstituting the NOCAP synthase in vitro from purified protein components followed by heterologous expression in E. coli and spectroscopic analysis of the purified products. The NOCAP aglycone has an unprecedented structure comprised of a substituted resorcylaldehyde headgroup linked to a 15-carbon tail that harbors two conjugated all-trans trienes separated by a stereogenic hydroxyl group. This report is the first example of reconstituting a trans-acyltransferase assembly line PKS in vitro and of using these approaches to "deorphanize" a complete assembly line PKS identified via genomic sequencing. With the NOCAP aglycone in hand, the stage is set for understanding how this PKS and associated tailoring enzymes confer an advantage to their native hosts during human Nocardia infections.
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Abstract
Nocardial brain abscess is a rare central nervous system infection with high morbidity and mortality. Most of the human infections, i.e., about 90%, are due to Nocardia asteroides group comprising N. asteroides complex, Nocardia farcinica, and Nocardia nova. Other species rarely cause human infections. Here, we report a case of left parieto-occipital abscess caused by a rare species, Nocardia araoensis, its diagnosis, treatment options, and review of literature. A 73-year-old male, known case of diabetes mellitus, on prolonged oral corticosteroid for autoimmune hemolytic anemia presented with a 1-month history of memory deficit and gait imbalance. On examination, he had a right inferior quadrantanopia and hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a multiloculated ring-enhancing lesion in the left parieto-occipital region. Navigation-assisted biopsy was done. The organism isolated was N. araoensis. He was treated successfully with prolonged course of antibiotics which resulted in complete clinical and radiological resolution. N. araoensis is a rare cause of brain abscess and needs to be suspected in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and prolonged treatment can result in complete clinical and radiological resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejoy Joshua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rachana Babu
- Department of Microbiology, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Anup Warrier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Dilip Panikar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
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11
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Yang RQ, Zhang BL, Sun HL, Zhang GS, Li SW, Liu GX, Chen T, Li YS, Wu YN, An LZ, Zhang W, Wu XK. Nocardia mangyaensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from crude-oil-contaminated soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 69:397-403. [PMID: 30543508 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile and mycolic-acid-containing strain, designated Y48T, was isolated from soil contaminated by crude oil located in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Y48T belongs to the genus Nocardia and is closely related to N. cummidelens DSM 44490T (99.0 % similarity), N. soli DSM 44488T (99.0 %), N. lasii 3C-HV12T (98.9 %), N. salmonicida NBRC 13393T (98.6 %), N. ignorata NBRC 108230T (98.6 %) and N. coubleae NBRC 108252T (98.6 %). The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain Y48T and the reference strains were 75.9-84.5 and 27.5-29.0 %, respectively, values that were below the thresholds for species delineation. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the major fatty acids of strain Y48T were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c), C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA). The respiratory quinone was MK-8(H4, ω-cycl). The polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, two glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. The cell-wall hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, with ribose, arabinose, glucose and galactose as whole-cell sugars. A combination of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations demonstrated that strain Y48T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia mangyaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y48T (=JCM 32795T=CGMCC 4.7494T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bing-Lin Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Li Sun
- 4School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Gao-Sen Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shi-Weng Li
- 2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,5School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Guang-Xiu Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tuo Chen
- 6State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yun-Shi Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yong-Na Wu
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li-Zhe An
- 7School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiu-Kun Wu
- 1Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,2Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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12
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McTaggart LR, Chen Y, Poopalarajah R, Kus JV. Incubation time and culture media impact success of identification of Nocardia spp. by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:270-274. [PMID: 30025971 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Identification of Nocardia can be challenging, even by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS). We examined the impact of incubation duration, culture media and bead-beading on identification success. When isolates were grown for 3 days on SAB (Saboround dextrose agar), then extracted using a bead-beating, ethanol/formic acid (EtOH/FA) procedure, MALDI-ToF MS correctly identified 36.4% to species level. By contrast, 80.9% of isolates were correctly identified to species level when processed with the standard EtOH/FA extraction from Columbia blood agar (CBA) cultures incubated until colonies first appeared. Excluding rare species, the latter approach correctly identified 93.0% of isolates of commonly-encountered Nocardia species when additional database entries were included to expand representation of select species. We demonstrate that while bead-beating has little impact on identification success by MALDI-ToF MS, analysis of early growth is crucial. Additionally, culture media that promotes quick growth of Nocardia (e.g. CBA) is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R McTaggart
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1M1
| | - Yan Chen
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1M1
| | | | - Julianne V Kus
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1M1.
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13
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Fatahi-Bafghi M. Nocardiosis from 1888 to 2017. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:369-384. [PMID: 29146497 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The genus Nocardia is an aerobic bacterium, Gram-positive and catalase positive that is in Nocardiaceae family. This bacterium first described by Edmond Nocard in 1888 and is not in human commensal bacteria. To date, nocardiosis incidence is increasing due to increase population growth rate, increase in patients with immune disorder diseases and immunocompromised patients. We surveyed taxonomic position, isolation methods, phenotypic and molecular identification at the genus and species levels, antibiogram, treatment and epidemiology in the world from 1888 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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14
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Yamamoto F, Yamashita S, Kawano H, Tanigawa T, Mihara Y, Gonoi T, Ando Y. Meningitis and Ventriculitis due to Nocardia araoensis Infection. Intern Med 2017; 56:853-859. [PMID: 28381755 PMCID: PMC5457932 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with disturbance of consciousness, fever and headache. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed pleocytosis with neutrophil predominance, increased protein and low glucose. CSF and blood cultures yielded negative results. Antibiotics and antituberculous drugs were started for meningitis. An antimycotic was also added. The patient died from transtentorial hernia 99 days after admission. Autopsy revealed meningitis, ventriculitis and brain abscess, and Nocardia araoensis was detected in pus from the left lateral ventricle. This appears to represent the first report of N. araoensis meningitis complicated by ventriculitis and brain abscess.
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15
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Kuo J, Lynch SR, Liu CW, Xiao X, Khosla C. Partial In Vitro Reconstitution of an Orphan Polyketide Synthase Associated with Clinical Cases of Nocardiosis. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2636-41. [PMID: 27384917 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although a few well-characterized polyketide synthases (PKSs) have been functionally reconstituted in vitro from purified protein components, the use of this strategy to decode "orphan" assembly line PKSs has not been described. To begin investigating a PKS found only in Nocardia strains associated with clinical cases of nocardiosis, we reconstituted in vitro its five terminal catalytic modules. In the presence of octanoyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, NADPH, and S-adenosyl methionine, this pentamodular PKS system yielded unprecedented octaketide and heptaketide products whose structures were partially elucidated using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The PKS has several notable features, including a "split, stuttering" module and a terminal reductive release mechanism. Our findings pave the way for further analysis of this unusual biosynthetic gene cluster whose natural product may enhance the infectivity of its producer strains in human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Stanford Magnetic
Resonance Laboratory, and ∥Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stephen R. Lynch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Stanford Magnetic
Resonance Laboratory, and ∥Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Corey W. Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Stanford Magnetic
Resonance Laboratory, and ∥Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xirui Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Stanford Magnetic
Resonance Laboratory, and ∥Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Stanford Magnetic
Resonance Laboratory, and ∥Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Wang HL, Seo YH, LaSala PR, Tarrand JJ, Han XY. Nocardiosis in 132 patients with cancer: microbiological and clinical analyses. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:513-23. [PMID: 25239419 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpw84aftuwmhyu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To correlate the microbiological and clinical features of infections caused by Nocardia species. METHODS We determined the species and drug susceptibility of 138 Nocardia strains isolated from 132 patients at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) from 2002 through 2012 and analyzed the clinical features. RESULTS The 132 patients included 82 men and 50 women with a mean age of 59.1 years. All except two had underlying cancer, and 47 (35.6%) also received a stem cell transplant. These patients experienced 136 episodes of Nocardia infection, including pulmonary infection, abscess of deep skin and soft tissue, bacteremia and dissemination, and brain abscess. The 138 Nocardia strains involved 27 species, of which 20 species have been described since 2000. Common species included Nocardia nova, Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Nocardia farcinica, and Nocardia abscessus, together accounting for 59.4%. N nova caused most bacteremia cases, whereas N farcinica caused most of the skin and brain infections. Infections with a few recent species likely represented first confirmation or report of human infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 117 strains showed that they were all susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and linezolid but variably susceptible to other drugs depending on species. Most patients who were treated for the infection showed improvement or resolution. CONCLUSIONS Diverse Nocardia species can cause secondary infections in patients with cancer. Timely species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests may guide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ling Wang
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Yiel-Hea Seo
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - P Rocco LaSala
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Jeffery J Tarrand
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Xiang Y Han
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
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17
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Hu Y, Wang L, Huang X, Liang Y, Zhang J. Systemic Nocardia brasiliensis infection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: successful diagnosis and therapy. Int J Dermatol 2014; 55:453-9. [PMID: 25311703 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The People's Hospital of Taiping, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Hu Y, Zheng D, Takizawa K, Mikami Y, Dai L, Yazawa K, Fukushima K, Lu C, Xi L. Systemic nocardiosis caused by Nocardia concava in China. Med Mycol 2011; 49:662-6. [PMID: 21284569 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.555849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-year-old man with polychondritis and a 2-year history of using low-dose prednisone and other immunosuppressive drugs was admitted to our hospital due to persistent high fever of 10 days duration. A strain of Nocardia was twice isolated from his blood and subsequently identified to be N. concava. The patient was initially treated with sulphadiazine sodium, vancomycin and imipenema for 7 days but the symptoms persisted. Consequently, the regimen was changed to sulphadiazine sodium, ciprofloxacin and amikacin sulfate based on the antibiotic susceptibility tests of the Nocardia isolate. The fever disappeared and the patient's condition improved after 10 days of this treatment to the extent that he was discharged. However, 7 days later, the patient's condition deteriorated and he died due to multiple organ failure. This is the first report of N. concava causing systemic nocardiosis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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AKASAKA E, IKOMA N, MABUCHI T, TAMIYA S, MATUYAMA T, OZAWA A, SAITO E, WAKABAYASHI T, YAMADA C, AOYAMA K, MIKAMI Y. A novel case of nocardiosis with skin lesion due to Nocardia araoensis. J Dermatol 2011; 38:702-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and profiling of Nocardia species and other aerobic actinomycetes from South Africa: comparative evaluation of broth microdilution versus the Etest. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4534-40. [PMID: 20980572 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01073-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardiosis is an underrecognized clinical entity in South Africa, for which interspecies epidemiological and clinical differences are poorly understood. The taxonomical state of flux and the lack of a simple antimicrobial susceptibility testing method are partly responsible. Definitive identification is molecularly based, which further complicates the study of this ubiquitous organism, as this methodology is beyond the scope of most routine diagnostic laboratories. The Etest methodology has been proposed as an alternative to the reference broth microdilution method, although there have been a limited number of comparative studies. We profiled 51 clinical isolates of aerobic actinomycetes, including 39 Nocardia species, using sequence-based (16S rRNA) identification. Broth microdilution and Etests were done concurrently on all isolates. The overall level of categorical and essential agreement for broth microdilution and Etest for the Nocardia isolates ranged from 67.5 to 100% and 46.2 to 81.6%, respectively. Very major errors were seen with amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and imipenem. For Nocardia species, uniform susceptibility to co-trimoxazole, amikacin, and linezolid was demonstrated, with a 48.8% susceptibility rate to imipenem. Nocardia farcinica (20.5%) and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (15.4%) were the most commonly identified species among the 82% of isolates identified to species level using 16S rRNA sequences. Furthermore, drug susceptibility patterns demonstrated limited concordance with species identification. Our results suggest that, in a routine diagnostic setting, the Etest is not an acceptable alternative to the reference method of broth microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Given the diversity and limited understanding of this group of organisms, further widespread evaluation of clinical isolates, from both clinical and diagnostic perspectives, is warranted.
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21
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Mikami Y. Recent Progress of Taxonomic Studies on Pathogenic Nocardia and Usefulness of the Bacteria for the Studies on Secondary Metabolites and Antibiotic Resistant Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:179-92. [DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.51.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Takeda K, Kang Y, Yazawa K, Gonoi T, Mikami Y. Phylogenetic studies of Nocardia species based on gyrB gene analyses. J Med Microbiol 2009; 59:165-171. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.011346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Kageyama A, Mikami Y. Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Analysis of Infectious Nocardia Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:73-8. [PMID: 17502841 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.48.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Following recent advances in medical technology, the increased number of immunocompromised patients such as those with organ transplants has led to an increase in opportunistic infections due to Nocardia. Although nocardiosis has been considered to be rare, recent reports indicate that the incidence of the infection is increasing. The Nocardia asteroides group is the principal source of infectious species, but the definition of species in Nocardia is problematic because species identification of N. asteroides has been based on mainly morphological and biochemical properties. Additionally, it was assumed that a clinical strain with properties that did not fully coincide with existing species was N. asteroides sensu lato. This caused problems in both clinical and taxonomical fields, and reclassification of N. asteroides sensu lato was necessary. Therefore, determination of the appropriate taxonomic position of N. asteroides sensu lato that is now classified as N. asteroides sensu stricto was conducted using a molecular phylogenetic method. From 1965 to 2001, twenty-two strains of N. asteroides sensu lato were isolated from clinical samples. The phylogenetic tree using 16S rDNA sequences and detailed biochemical characters on the 22 isolates was determined. Results revealed that nine strains should be reclassified into species other than N. asteroides sensu stricto, and we proposed nine new species of the genus Nocardia. In addition, we proposed eight other new species of the genus Nocardia from other samples; hence seventeen new species were proposed in total. We also reported the first infectious cases due to Nocardia beijingensis, Nocardia transvalensis and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kageyama
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Brown-Elliott BA, Brown JM, Conville PS, Wallace RJ. Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19:259-82. [PMID: 16614249 PMCID: PMC1471991 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.19.2.259-282.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosion of newly described species of Nocardia results from the impact in the last decade of newer molecular technology, including PCR restriction enzyme analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. These molecular techniques have revolutionized the identification of the nocardiae by providing rapid and accurate identification of recognized nocardiae and, at the same time, revealing new species and a number of yet-to-be-described species. There are currently more than 30 species of nocardiae of human clinical significance, with the majority of isolates being N. nova complex, N. abscessus, N. transvalensis complex, N. farcinica, N. asteroides type VI (N. cyriacigeorgica), and N. brasiliensis. These species cause a wide variety of diseases and have variable drug susceptibilities. Accurate identification often requires referral to a reference laboratory with molecular capabilities, as many newer species are genetically distinct from established species yet have few or no distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. Correct identification is important in deciding the clinical relevance of a species and in the clinical management and treatment of patients with nocardial disease. This review characterizes the currently known pathogenic species of Nocardia, including clinical disease, drug susceptibility, and methods of identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Brown-Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Center, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, 75708, USA
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