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González-Aravena M, Perrois G, Font A, Cárdenas CA, Rondon R. Microbiome profile of the Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:487-497. [PMID: 38157148 PMCID: PMC10920576 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The filter feeder clam Laternula elliptica is a key species in the Antarctic ecosystem. As a stenothermal benthic species, it has a poor capacity for adaptation to small temperature variations. Despite their ecological importance and sensitivity to climate change, studies on their microbiomes are lacking. The goal of this study was to characterize the bacterial communities of L. elliptica and the tissues variability of this microbiome to provide an initial insight of host-microbiota interactions. We investigated the diversity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities of L. elliptica from five regions of the body using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the microbiome of L. elliptica tended to differ from that of the surrounding seawater samples. However, there were no significant differences in the microbial composition between the body sites, and only two OTUs were present in all samples, being considered core microbiome (genus Moritella and Polaribacter). No significant differences were detected in diversity indexes among tissues (mean 626.85 for observed OTUs, 628.89 Chao1, 5.42 Shannon, and 0.87 Simpson). Rarefaction analysis revealed that most tissues reached a plateau of OTU number according to sample increase, with the exception of Siphon samples. Psychromonas and Psychrilyobacter were particularly abundant in L. elliptica whereas Fluviicola dominated seawater and siphons. Typical polar bacteria were Polaribacter, Shewanella, Colwellia, and Moritella. We detected the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial sequences, particularly in the family Arcobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Mycoplasmataceae. The prokaryotic diversity was similar among tissues, as well as their taxonomic composition, suggesting a homogeneity of the microbiome along L. elliptica body. The Antarctic clam population can be used to monitor the impact of human activity in areas near Antarctic stations that discharge wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garance Perrois
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Tropical & Subtropical Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandro Font
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - César A Cárdenas
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Rondon
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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2
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Fatahi-Bafghi M. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of Fusobacteriaceae family and proposal to reclassify Fusobacterium naviforme Jungano 1909 into a novel genus as Zandiella naviformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and reclassification of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme as later heterotypic synonym of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium equinum as later heterotypic synonym of Fusobacterium gonidiaformans. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:34. [PMID: 38347234 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The family Fusobacteriaceae is a large family within the phylum Fusobacteriota. The reclassification of F. naviforme as Zandiella naviformis gen. nov., comb. nov. is proposed because of the separate and distinct phylogenetic situation on the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the genetic and genomic differences from all other species and subspecies in the Fusobacteriaceae family. The type strain is ATCC 25832; CCUG 50052; NCTC 13121. In phylogenetic trees drawn using complete genome sequences and 16S rRNA gene sequences, F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme and F. equinum were clades together with F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. gonidiaformans, respectively. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between themes exceeded the cut-off values for species delineation. Based on these results, F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme and F. equinum should be reclassified as later heterotypic synonyms of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. gonidiaformans, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Handler ER, Andersen SDJ, Gradinger R, McGovern M, Vader A, Poste AE. Seasonality in land-ocean connectivity and local processes control sediment bacterial community structure and function in a High Arctic tidal flat. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiad162. [PMID: 38111220 PMCID: PMC10799726 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is altering patterns of precipitation, cryosphere thaw, and land-ocean influxes, affecting understudied Arctic estuarine tidal flats. These transitional zones between terrestrial and marine systems are hotspots for biogeochemical cycling, often driven by microbial processes. We investigated surface sediment bacterial community composition and function from May to September along a river-intertidal-subtidal-fjord gradient. We paired metabarcoding of in situ communities with in vitro carbon-source utilization assays. Bacterial communities differed in space and time, alongside varying environmental conditions driven by local seasonal processes and riverine inputs, with salinity emerging as the dominant structuring factor. Terrestrial and riverine taxa were found throughout the system, likely transported with runoff. In vitro assays revealed sediment bacteria utilized a broader range of organic matter substrates when incubated in fresh and brackish water compared to marine water. These results highlight the importance of salinity for ecosystem processes in these dynamic tidal flats, with the highest potential for utilization of terrestrially derived organic matter likely limited to tidal flat areas (and times) where sediments are permeated by freshwater. Our results demonstrate that intertidal flats must be included in future studies on impacts of increased riverine discharge and transport of terrestrial organic matter on coastal carbon cycling in a warming Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Handler
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastian D J Andersen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rolf Gradinger
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maeve McGovern
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Vader
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Amanda E Poste
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre for High North Research, Hjalmar Johansensgate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
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Liu M, Wei G, Lai Q, Huang Z, Li M, Shao Z. Genomic and metabolic insights into the first host-associated isolate of Psychrilyobacter. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0399022. [PMID: 37754757 PMCID: PMC10580919 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03990-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gut bacteria are vital to their hosts, few studies have focused on marine animals. Psychrilyobacter is frequently related to various marine animals, but its interaction with host remains unknown due to the lack of host-associated isolate or genomic information. Here, we combined cultivation-independent and cultivation-dependent methods to uncover the potential roles of Psychrilyobacter in the host abalone. The high-throughput sequencing and literature compiling results indicated that Psychrilyobacter is widely distributed in marine and terrestrial ecosystems with both host-associated and free-living lifestyles, but with a strong niche preference in the guts of marine invertebrates, especially abalone. By in vitro enrichment that mimicked the gut inner environment, the first host-related pure culture of Psychrilyobacter was isolated from the abalone intestine. Phylogenetic, physiological, and biochemical characterizations suggested that it represents a novel species named Psychrilyobacter haliotis B1. Carbohydrate utilization experiments and genomic evidence indicated that B1 can utilize diverse host-food-related monosaccharides and disaccharides but not polysaccharides, implying its potential role in the downstream fermentation instead of the upstream food degradation in the gut. Particularly, this strain showed potential to colonize the gut and benefit the host via different strategies, such as the short-chain fatty acids generation by fermenting peptides and/or amino acids, and the putative production of diverse vitamins and antibiotics to support the host growth and antipathogenicity. To our knowledge, strain B1 represents the first host-related pure culture of Psychrilyobacter; genomic and metabolic evidence showed some beneficial characteristics of the dominant gut anaerobe to the host. IMPORTANCE Psychrilyobacter is a globally distributed bacterial genus and with an inhabiting preference for guts of marine invertebrates. Due to the difficulty of cultivation and the limited genomic information, its role in host remains largely unknown. We isolated the first host-associated Psychrilyobacter species from abalone gut and uncovered its functional potential to the host through different mechanisms. Our findings provide some insights into the understanding of host-microbe interactions on a core taxon with the marine invertebrates, and the isolate may have an application potential in the protection of marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangshan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaobin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Leontidou K, Rubel V, Stoeck T. Comparing quantile regression spline analyses and supervised machine learning for environmental quality assessment at coastal marine aquaculture installations. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15425. [PMID: 37334127 PMCID: PMC10274583 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic enrichment associated with marine finfish aquaculture is a local stressor of marine coastal ecosystems. To maintain ecosystem services, the implementation of biomonitoring programs focusing on benthic diversity is required. Traditionally, impact-indices are determined by extracting and identifying benthic macroinvertebrates from samples. However, this is a time-consuming and expensive method with low upscaling potential. A more rapid, inexpensive, and robust method to infer the environmental quality of marine environments is eDNA metabarcoding of bacterial communities. To infer the environmental quality of coastal habitats from metabarcoding data, two taxonomy-free approaches have been successfully applied for different geographical regions and monitoring goals, namely quantile regression splines (QRS) and supervised machine learning (SML). However, their comparative performance remains untested for monitoring the impact of organic enrichment introduced by aquaculture on marine coastal environments. We compared the performance of QRS and SML using bacterial metabarcoding data to infer the environmental quality of 230 aquaculture samples collected from seven farms in Norway and seven farms in Scotland along an organic enrichment gradient. As a measure of environmental quality, we used the Infaunal Quality Index (IQI) calculated from benthic macrofauna data (reference index). The QRS analysis plotted the abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) as a function to the IQI from which the ASVs with a defined abundance peak were assigned to eco-groups and a molecular IQI was subsequently calculated. In contrast, the SML approach built a random forest model to directly predict the macrofauna-based IQI. Our results show that both QRS and SML perform well in inferring the environmental quality with 89% and 90% accuracy, respectively. For both geographic regions, there was high correspondence between the reference IQI and both the inferred molecular IQIs (p < 0.001), with the SML model showing a higher coefficient of determination compared to QRS. Among the 20 most important ASVs identified by the SML approach, 15 were congruent with the good quality spline ASV indicators identified via QRS for both Norwegian and Scottish salmon farms. More research on the response of the ASVs to organic enrichment and the co-influence of other environmental parameters is necessary to eventually select the most powerful stressor-specific indicators. Even though both approaches are promising to infer environmental quality based on metabarcoding data, SML showed to be more powerful in handling the natural variability. For the improvement of the SML model, addition of new samples is still required, as background noise introduced by high spatio-temporal variability can be reduced. Overall, we recommend the development of a powerful SML approach that will be onwards applied for monitoring the impact of aquaculture on marine ecosystems based on eDNA metabarcoding data.
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Li S, Young T, Archer S, Lee K, Sharma S, Alfaro AC. Mapping the Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Microbiome: A Multi-Tissue Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Diversity. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:76. [PMID: 35091849 PMCID: PMC8799583 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Poor health and mortality events of the commercially important and endemic New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) pose a threat to its industry. Despite the known importance of microbiomes to animal health and environmental resilience, the host-associated microbiome is unexplored in this species. We conducted the first baseline characterization of bacteria and fungi within key host tissues (gills, haemolymph, digestive gland, and stomach) using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS1 region for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Tissue types displayed distinctive bacterial profiles, consistent among individuals, that were dominated by phyla which reflect (1) a fluid exchange between the circulatory system (gills and haemolymph) and surrounding aqueous environment and (2) a highly diverse digestive system (digestive gland and stomach) microbiota. Gammaproteobacteria and Campylobacterota were mostly identified in the gill tissue and haemolymph, and were also found in high abundance in seawater. Digestive gland and stomach tissues were dominated by common gut bacterial phyla, such as Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota, which reflects the selectivity of the digestive system and food-based influences. Other major notable taxa included the family Spirochaetaceae, and genera Endozoicomonas, Psychrilyobacter, Moritella and Poseidonibacter, which were highly variable among tissue types and samples. More than 50% of fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were unclassified beyond the phylum level, which reflects the lack of studies with marine fungi. However, the majority of those identified were assigned to the phylum Ascomycota. The findings from this work provide the first insight into healthy tissue microbiomes of P. canaliculus and is of central importance to understanding the effect of environmental changes on farmed mussels at the microbial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Li
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Archer
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shaneel Sharma
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Divergence together with microbes: A comparative study of the associated microbiomes in the closely related Littorina species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260792. [PMID: 34932575 PMCID: PMC8691637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Any multicellular organism during its life is involved in relatively stable interactions with microorganisms. The organism and its microbiome make up a holobiont, possessing a unique set of characteristics and evolving as a whole system. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of the conservativeness of microbiomes associated with intertidal gastropods. We studied the composition and the geographic and phylogenetic variability of the gut and body surface microbiomes of five closely related sympatric Littorina (Neritrema) spp. and a more distant species, L. littorea, from the sister subgenus Littorina (Littorina). Although snail-associated microbiomes included many lineages (207–603), they were dominated by a small number of OTUs of the genera Psychromonas, Vibrio, and Psychrilyobacter. The geographic variability was greater than the interspecific differences at the same collection site. While the microbiomes of the six Littorina spp. did not differ at the high taxonomic level, the OTU composition differed between groups of cryptic species and subgenera. A few species-specific OTUs were detected within the collection sites; notably, such OTUs never dominated microbiomes. We conclude that the composition of the high-rank taxa of the associated microbiome (“scaffolding enterotype”) is more evolutionarily conserved than the composition of the low-rank individual OTUs, which may be site- and / or species-specific.
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Yadav S, Koenen M, Bale N, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Villanueva L. The physiology and metabolic properties of a novel, low-abundance Psychrilyobacter species isolated from the anoxic Black Sea shed light on its ecological role. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:899-910. [PMID: 34668338 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Psychrilyobacter spp. of the phylum Fusobacteria have been recently suggested to be amongst the most significant primary degraders of the detrital organic matter in sulfidic marine habitats, despite representing only a small proportion (<0.1%) of the microbial community. In this study, we have isolated a previously uncultured Psychrilyobacter species (strains SD5T and BL5; Psychrilyobacter piezotolerans sp. nov.) from the sulfidic waters (i.e., 2000 m depth) of the Black Sea and investigated its physiology and genomic capability in order to better understand potential ecological adaptation strategies. P. piezotolerans utilized a broad range of organic substituents (carbohydrates and proteins) and, remarkably, grew at sulfide concentrations up to 32 mM. These flexible physiological properties were supported by the presence of the respective metabolic pathways in the genomes of both strains. Growth at varying hydrostatic pressure (0.1-50 MPa) was sustained by modifying its membrane lipid composition. Thus, we have isolated a novel member of the 'rare biosphere', which endures the extreme conditions and may play a significant role in the degradation of detrital organic matter sinking into the sulfidic waters of the Black Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Yadav
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1797AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Koenen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1797AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bale
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1797AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1797AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Villanueva
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1797AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Arcos SC, Lira F, Robertson L, González MR, Carballeda-Sangiao N, Sánchez-Alonso I, Zamorano L, Careche M, Jiménez-Ruíz Y, Ramos R, Llorens C, González-Muñoz M, Oliver A, Martínez JL, Navas A. Metagenomics Analysis Reveals an Extraordinary Inner Bacterial Diversity in Anisakids (Nematoda: Anisakidae) L3 Larvae. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1088. [PMID: 34069371 PMCID: PMC8158776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
L3 larvae of anisakid nematodes are an important problem for the fisheries industry and pose a potential risk for human health by acting as infectious agents causing allergies and as potential vectors of pathogens and microrganisms. In spite of the close bacteria-nematode relationship very little is known of the anisakids microbiota. Fresh fish could be contaminated by bacteria vectored in the cuticle or in the intestine of anisakids when the L3 larvae migrate through the muscles. As a consequence, the bacterial inoculum will be spread, with potential effects on the quality of the fish, and possible clinical effects cannot be discarded. A total of 2,689,113 16S rRNA gene sequences from a total of 113 L3 individuals obtained from fish captured along the FAO 27 fishing area were studied. Bacteria were taxonomically characterized through 1803 representative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) sequences. Fourteen phyla, 31 classes, 52 orders, 129 families and 187 genera were unambiguously identified. We have found as part of microbiome an average of 123 OTUs per L3 individual. Diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) indicate an extraordinary diversity of bacteria at an OTU level. There are clusters of anisakids individuals (samples) defined by the associated bacteria which, however, are not significantly related to fish hosts or anisakid taxa. This suggests that association or relationship among bacteria in anisakids, exists without the influence of fishes or nematodes. The lack of relationships with hosts of anisakids taxa has to be expressed by the association among bacterial OTUs or other taxonomical levels which range from OTUs to the phylum level. There are significant biological structural associations of microbiota in anisakid nematodes which manifest in clusters of bacteria ranging from phylum to genus level, which could also be an indicator of fish contamination or the geographic zone of fish capture. Actinobacteria, Aquificae, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the phyla whose abundance value discriminate for defining such structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C. Arcos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
| | - Felipe Lira
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Lee Robertson
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa González
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
| | | | - Isabel Sánchez-Alonso
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.-A.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, (IdISPa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Mercedes Careche
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.-A.); (M.C.)
| | - Yolanda Jiménez-Ruíz
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica, “Scientific Park of Madrid”, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Llorens
- Biotechvana, “Scientific Park”, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Miguel González-Muñoz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.-S.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases, (IdISPa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (L.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - José L. Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Alfonso Navas
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Dpto Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.A.); (L.R.); (M.R.G.); (Y.J.-R.)
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Pelikan C, Wasmund K, Glombitza C, Hausmann B, Herbold CW, Flieder M, Loy A. Anaerobic bacterial degradation of protein and lipid macromolecules in subarctic marine sediment. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:833-847. [PMID: 33208892 PMCID: PMC8027456 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms in marine sediments play major roles in marine biogeochemical cycles by mineralizing substantial quantities of organic matter from decaying cells. Proteins and lipids are abundant components of necromass, yet the taxonomic identities of microorganisms that actively degrade them remain poorly resolved. Here, we revealed identities, trophic interactions, and genomic features of bacteria that degraded 13C-labeled proteins and lipids in cold anoxic microcosms containing sulfidic subarctic marine sediment. Supplemented proteins and lipids were rapidly fermented to various volatile fatty acids within 5 days. DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) suggested Psychrilyobacter atlanticus was an important primary degrader of proteins, and Psychromonas members were important primary degraders of both proteins and lipids. Closely related Psychromonas populations, as represented by distinct 16S rRNA gene variants, differentially utilized either proteins or lipids. DNA-SIP also showed 13C-labeling of various Deltaproteobacteria within 10 days, indicating trophic transfer of carbon to putative sulfate-reducers. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed the primary hydrolyzers encoded secreted peptidases or lipases, and enzymes for catabolism of protein or lipid degradation products. Psychromonas species are prevalent in diverse marine sediments, suggesting they are important players in organic carbon processing in situ. Together, this study provides new insights into the identities, functions, and genomes of bacteria that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules in the seafloor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Pelikan
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Clemens Glombitza
- Department of Biology, Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig W Herbold
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Flieder
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Loy
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Li LL, Amara R, Souissi S, Dehaut A, Duflos G, Monchy S. Impacts of microplastics exposure on mussel (Mytilus edulis) gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141018. [PMID: 32758734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), plastics with particles smaller than 5 mm, have been found almost in every corner of the world, especially in the ocean. Due to the small size, MPs can be ingested by animals and enter the marine trophic chain. MPs can affect animal health by physically causing damage to the digestive tract, leaking plastic chemical components, and carrying environmental pollutants and pathogens into animals. In this study, impacts of MPs ingestion on gut microbiota were investigated. Filter feeding mussels were exposed to "virgin" and "weathered" MPs at relatively realistic concentration 0.2 mg L-1 ("low") and exaggerated concentration 20 mg L-1 ("high") for 6 weeks. Influence in mussel gut microbiota was investigated with 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. As compared with non-exposed mussels, alteration of gut microbiota was observed after mussels were exposed to MPs for 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and even after 8-day post-exposure depuration. Potential human pathogens were found among operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with increased abundance induced by MP-exposure. Faecal pellets containing microorganisms from altered gut microbiota and MPs might further influence microbiota of surrounding environment. Our results have demonstrated impacts of MP-exposure on mussel gut microbiota and suggested possible consequent effects on food quality, food safety, and the well-being of marine food web in the ecosystem for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luen-Luen Li
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France; ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Dehaut
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, 62200 Boulogne-sur-mer, France
| | - Sébastien Monchy
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62930 Wimereux, France.
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12
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Horodesky A, Castilho-Westphal GG, Pont GD, Faoro H, Balsanelli E, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Cozer N, Pie MR, Ostrensky A. Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiota associated with cultured oysters (Crassostrea sp.) in estuarine environments. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180432. [PMID: 32609272 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we identified the bacterial microbiota associated with farmed oystersin estuarine regions of four states in the north eastern region of Brazil. During the drought and rainy seasons, for eight months, twenty oysters were sampled seasonally from seven different marine farms. In the laboratory, DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were performed to establish the taxonomic units. We identified 106 genera of bacteria belonging to 103 families, 70 orders, 39 classes, and 21 phyla. Out of the total, 40 of the genera represented bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans; of these, nine are known to cause foodborne diseases and six are potentially pathogenic to oysters. The most prevalent genera were Mycoplasma, Propionigenium, Psychrilyobacter, and Arcobacter. The results indicate the need for more systematic monitoring of bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma in oyster farming operations in the Brazilian north eastern region. Currently, Mycoplasma is not one of the microorganisms analysed and monitored by order of Brazilian legislation during the oyster production and/or commercialization process, even though this genus was the most prevalent at all sampling points and presents pathogenic potential both for oysters and for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Horodesky
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisela G Castilho-Westphal
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giorgi Dal Pont
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Helisson Faoro
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, 81310-020 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Michelle Z Tadra-Sfeir
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Cozer
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Roberto Pie
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ostrensky
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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13
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Luo H, Li C, Zhou T, Kong X, Chen Y, Jiang L, Yu L. Effect of antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals on the quality and safety of marinated raw crab paste during storage at −20°C. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Kong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yuru Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Normal University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Agro‐products Processing Research InstituteYunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming P.R. China
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14
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Brennan CA, Garrett WS. Fusobacterium nucleatum - symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:156-166. [PMID: 30546113 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has long been found to cause opportunistic infections and has recently been implicated in colorectal cancer; however, it is a common member of the oral microbiota and can have a symbiotic relationship with its hosts. To address this dissonance, we explore the diversity and niches of fusobacteria and reconsider historic fusobacterial taxonomy in the context of current technology. We also undertake a critical reappraisal of fusobacteria with a focus on F. nucleatum as a mutualist, infectious agent and oncogenic microorganism. In this Review, we delve into recent insights and future directions for fusobacterial research, including the current genetic toolkit, our evolving understanding of its mechanistic role in promoting colorectal cancer and the challenges of developing diagnostics and therapeutics for F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Neu AT, Allen EE, Roy K. Diversity and composition of intertidal gastropod microbiomes across a major marine biogeographic boundary. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:434-447. [PMID: 30834681 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine biogeographic boundaries act as barriers to dispersal for many animal species, thereby creating distinctive faunas on either side. However, how such boundaries affect the distributions of microbial taxa remains poorly known. To test whether biogeographic boundaries influence the diversity and composition of host-associated microbiota, we analysed the microbiomes of three species of common intertidal gastropods at two sites separated by the biogeographic boundary at Point Conception (PtC), CA, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results show that each host species shows microbiome compositional specificity, even across PtC, and that alpha diversity does not change significantly across this boundary for any of the gastropod hosts. However, for two of the host species, beta diversity differs significantly across PtC, indicating that there may be multiple levels of organization of the marine gastropod microbiome. Overall, our results suggest that while biogeographic boundaries do not constrain the distribution of a core set of microbes associated with each host species, they can play a role in structuring the transient portion of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Neu
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kaustuv Roy
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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16
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Refojo PN, Sena FV, Calisto F, Sousa FM, Pereira MM. The plethora of membrane respiratory chains in the phyla of life. Adv Microb Physiol 2019; 74:331-414. [PMID: 31126533 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of microbial cells is reflected in differences in cell size and shape, motility, mechanisms of cell division, pathogenicity or adaptation to different environmental niches. All these variations are achieved by the distinct metabolic strategies adopted by the organisms. The respiratory chains are integral parts of those strategies especially because they perform the most or, at least, most efficient energy conservation in the cell. Respiratory chains are composed of several membrane proteins, which perform a stepwise oxidation of metabolites toward the reduction of terminal electron acceptors. Many of these membrane proteins use the energy released from the oxidoreduction reaction they catalyze to translocate charges across the membrane and thus contribute to the establishment of the membrane potential, i.e. they conserve energy. In this work we illustrate and discuss the composition of the respiratory chains of different taxonomic clades, based on bioinformatic analyses and on biochemical data available in the literature. We explore the diversity of the respiratory chains of Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists kingdoms as well as of Prokaryotes, including Bacteria and Archaea. The prokaryotic phyla studied in this work are Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chlamydiae, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus, Aquificae, Thermotogae, Deferribacteres, Nitrospirae, Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia N Refojo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipa V Sena
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipa Calisto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipe M Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuela M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica - António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República EAN, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BIOISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Gobet A, Mest L, Perennou M, Dittami SM, Caralp C, Coulombet C, Huchette S, Roussel S, Michel G, Leblanc C. Seasonal and algal diet-driven patterns of the digestive microbiota of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a generalist marine herbivore. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:60. [PMID: 29587830 PMCID: PMC5870069 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holobionts have a digestive microbiota with catabolic abilities allowing the degradation of complex dietary compounds for the host. In terrestrial herbivores, the digestive microbiota is known to degrade complex polysaccharides from land plants while in marine herbivores, the digestive microbiota is poorly characterized. Most of the latter are generalists and consume red, green, and brown macroalgae, three distinct lineages characterized by a specific composition in complex polysaccharides, which represent half of their biomass. Subsequently, each macroalga features a specific epiphytic microbiota, and the digestive microbiota of marine herbivores is expected to vary with a monospecific algal diet. We investigated the effect of four monospecific diets (Palmaria palmata, Ulva lactuca, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata) on the composition and specificity of the digestive microbiota of a generalist marine herbivore, the abalone, farmed in a temperate coastal area over a year. The microbiota from the abalone digestive gland was sampled every 2 months and explored using metabarcoding. RESULTS Diversity and multivariate analyses showed that patterns of the microbiota were significantly linked to seasonal variations of contextual parameters but not directly to a specific algal diet. Three core genera: Psychrilyobacter, Mycoplasma, and Vibrio constantly dominated the microbiota in the abalone digestive gland. Additionally, a less abundant and diet-specific core microbiota featured genera representing aerobic primary degraders of algal polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the establishment of a persistent core microbiota in the digestive gland of the abalone since its juvenile state and the presence of a less abundant and diet-specific core community. While composed of different microbial taxa compared to terrestrial herbivores, the digestive gland constitutes a particular niche in the abalone holobiont, where bacteria (i) may cooperate to degrade algal polysaccharides to products assimilable by the host or (ii) may have acquired these functions through gene transfer from the aerobic algal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Gobet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Laëtitia Mest
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Morgan Perennou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, FR2424, Genomer, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Simon M Dittami
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
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18
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Diversity and characterization of bacteria associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea sp. comparing with those of two shallow-water crabs by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187842. [PMID: 29121118 PMCID: PMC5679544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For deep-sea hydrothermal vent crabs, recent investigations have revealed some epibiotic bacteria, but no study has described the bacterial community associated with the gill and intestine. In this study, the microbiota attached to the gill and intestine of the hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea sp. and two shallow-water crab species (Eriocheir sinensis and Portunus trituberculatus) were compared by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA genes. The highest and lowest diversity in bacterial communities were observed in the gill and intestine of Austinograea sp., respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that Austinograea sp. harbored a distinct microbial community. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for phylum Fusobacteria, class Epsilonproteobacteria, and genera Leucothrix, Polaribacter, Fusibacter, etc. were dominant in Austinograea sp. Of these, Leucothrix, Sulfurospirillum, and Arcobacter may be involved in oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds and sulfur metabolism; Marinomonas, Polaribacter adapted to the low temperature, and Fusibacter and Psychrilyobacter may survive well under hypoxic conditions. Bacteria commonly present in seawater were dominant in the gill, whereas anaerobic bacteria showed strikingly high abundance in the intestine. Interestingly, Firmicutes and Epsilonproteobacteria may complement each other in Austinograea sp., forming an internal environment. The diversified microbial community of Austinograea sp. reveals adaptation to the hydrothermal vent environment.
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19
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Schön K, Schornsteiner E, Dzieciol M, Wagner M, Müller M, Schmitz-Esser S. Microbial communities in dairy processing environment floor-drains are dominated by product-associated bacteria and yeasts. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Schreiber L, Kjeldsen KU, Funch P, Jensen J, Obst M, López-Legentil S, Schramm A. Endozoicomonas Are Specific, Facultative Symbionts of Sea Squirts. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1042. [PMID: 27462299 PMCID: PMC4940369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascidians are marine filter feeders and harbor diverse microbiota that can exhibit a high degree of host-specificity. Pharyngeal samples of Scandinavian and Mediterranean ascidians were screened for consistently associated bacteria by culture-dependent and -independent approaches. Representatives of the Endozoicomonas (Gammaproteobacteria, Hahellaceae) clade were detected in the ascidian species Ascidiella aspersa, Ascidiella scabra, Botryllus schlosseri, Ciona intestinalis, Styela clava, and multiple Ascidia/Ascidiella spp. In total, Endozoicomonas was detected in more than half of all specimens screened, and in 25-100% of the specimens for each species. The retrieved Endozoicomonas 16S rRNA gene sequences formed an ascidian-specific subclade, whose members were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as extracellular microcolonies in the pharynx. Two strains of the ascidian-specific Endozoicomonas subclade were isolated in pure culture and characterized. Both strains are chemoorganoheterotrophs and grow on mucin (a mucus glycoprotein). The strains tested negative for cytotoxic or antibacterial activity. Based on these observations, we propose ascidian-associated Endozoicomonas to be commensals, living off the mucus continuously secreted into the pharynx. Members of the ascidian-specific Endozoicomonas subclade were also detected in seawater from the Scandinavian sampling site, which suggests acquisition of the symbionts by horizontal transmission. The combined results indicate a host-specific, yet facultative symbiosis between ascidians and Endozoicomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schreiber
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper U Kjeldsen
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Funch
- Section of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Jensen
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Obst
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna López-Legentil
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC, USA
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology and Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Aida AA, Kuroda K, Yamamoto M, Nakamura A, Hatamoto M, Yamaguchi T. Diversity Profile of Microbes Associated with Anaerobic Sulfur Oxidation in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Treating Municipal Sewage. Microbes Environ 2015; 30:157-63. [PMID: 25817585 PMCID: PMC4462926 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein analyzed the diversity of microbes involved in anaerobic sulfur oxidation in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor used for treating municipal sewage under low-temperature conditions. Anaerobic sulfur oxidation occurred in the absence of oxygen, with nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptors; however, reactor performance parameters demonstrated that anaerobic conditions were maintained. In order to gain insights into the underlying basis of anaerobic sulfur oxidation, the microbial diversity that exists in the UASB sludge was analyzed comprehensively to determine their identities and contribution to sulfur oxidation. Sludge samples were collected from the UASB reactor over a period of 2 years and used for bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and next-generation sequencing analyses. T-RFLP and sequencing results both showed that microbial community patterns changed markedly from day 537 onwards. Bacteria belonging to the genus Desulforhabdus within the phylum Proteobacteria and uncultured bacteria within the phylum Fusobacteria were the main groups observed during the period of anaerobic sulfur oxidation. Their abundance correlated with temperature, suggesting that these bacterial groups played roles in anaerobic sulfur oxidation in UASB reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azrina A Aida
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology
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Tiodjio RE, Sakatoku A, Nakamura A, Tanaka D, Fantong WY, Tchakam KB, Tanyileke G, Ohba T, Hell VJ, Kusakabe M, Nakamura S, Ueda A. Bacterial and archaeal communities in Lake Nyos (Cameroon, Central Africa). Sci Rep 2014; 4:6151. [PMID: 25141868 PMCID: PMC4139950 DOI: 10.1038/srep06151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the microbial diversity associated with Lake Nyos, a lake with an unusual chemistry in Cameroon. Water samples were collected during the dry season on March 2013. Bacterial and archaeal communities were profiled using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach of the 16S rRNA gene. The results indicate a stratification of both communities along the water column. Altogether, the physico-chemical data and microbial sequences suggest a close correspondence of the potential microbial functions to the physico-chemical pattern of the lake. We also obtained evidence of a rich microbial diversity likely to include several novel microorganisms of environmental importance in the large unexplored microbial reservoir of Lake Nyos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosine E. Tiodjio
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakatoku
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Wilson Y. Fantong
- Institute of Mining and Geological Research, P.O. Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kamtchueng B. Tchakam
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Gregory Tanyileke
- Institute of Mining and Geological Research, P.O. Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Takeshi Ohba
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokai, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Victor J. Hell
- Institute of Mining and Geological Research, P.O. Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Minoru Kusakabe
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Environmental and Energy Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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Mustafa GA, Abd-Elgawad A, Abdel-Haleem AM, Siam R. Egypt's Red Sea coast: phylogenetic analysis of cultured microbial consortia in industrialized sites. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:363. [PMID: 25157243 PMCID: PMC4127681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Red Sea possesses a unique geography, and its shores are rich in mangrove, macro-algal and coral reef ecosystems. Various sources of pollution affect Red Sea biota, including microbial life. We assessed the effects of industrialization on microbes along the Egyptian Red Sea coast at eight coastal sites and two lakes. The bacterial communities of sediment samples were analyzed using bacterial 16S rDNA pyrosequencing of V6-V4 hypervariable regions. The taxonomic assignment of 131,402 significant reads to major bacterial taxa revealed five main bacterial phyla dominating the sampled sites: Proteobacteria (68%), Firmicutes (13%), Fusobacteria (12%), Bacteriodetes (6%), and Spirochetes (0.03%). Further analysis revealed distinct bacterial consortia that primarily included (1) marine Vibrio spp.-suggesting a "marine Vibrio phenomenon"; (2) potential human pathogens; and (3) oil-degrading bacteria. We discuss two divergent microbial consortia that were sampled from Solar Lake West near Taba/Eilat and Saline Lake in Ras Muhammad; these consortia contained the highest abundance of human pathogens and no pathogens, respectively. Our results draw attention to the effects of industrialization on the Red Sea and suggest the need for further analysis to overcome the hazardous effects observed at the impacted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Mustafa
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Biology Department and YJ-Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Abd-Elgawad
- Tourism Development Authority, Ministry of Tourism Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa M Abdel-Haleem
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Biology Department and YJ-Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Siam
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Biology Department and YJ-Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo New Cairo, Egypt
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Madigan TL, Bott NJ, Torok VA, Percy NJ, Carragher JF, de Barros Lopes MA, Kiermeier A. A microbial spoilage profile of half shell Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata). Food Microbiol 2014; 38:219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fernandez-Piquer J, Bowman JP, Ross T, Tamplin ML. Molecular analysis of the bacterial communities in the live Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the influence of postharvest temperature on its structure. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1134-43. [PMID: 22429335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of postharvest temperature on bacterial communities in live Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) using nonculture-based methods. METHODS AND RESULTS Live oysters were compared before and after storage at 4, 6, 15, 20 and 30°C using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Bacterial communities in freshly harvested (control) vs stored oysters were significantly different. Changes in bacterial communities at 4, 15 and 30°C observed by T-RFLP were further investigated by clone library analysis. Members of the Proteobacteria predominated (43·0-57·0% of clones) in control oysters, while storage altered the bacterial profile. At 4°C, Psychrilyobacter spp. (phylum Fusobacteria) predominated (43·8% of clones), while at 15 and 30°C, members of the phylum Bacteroidetes represented 63·0 and 60·2% of clones, respectively. High microbial diversity in oysters was observed, with at least 73 different genera-related clones among all samples. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the overall bacterial community of Pacific oysters were influenced by storage temperature and would likely not be detected by standard culture-based methods currently used to assess oyster quality. Certain dominant genera, such as Psychrilyobacter, Polynucleobacter and a bacterial group related to Alkaliflexus, should be further studied as possible indicators for postharvest temperature control. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work is the first report describing the effect of different storage temperatures on bacterial diversity in postharvest live Pacific oysters using molecular-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernandez-Piquer
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre and the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
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Graue J, Engelen B, Cypionka H. Degradation of cyanobacterial biomass in anoxic tidal-flat sediments: a microcosm study of metabolic processes and community changes. THE ISME JOURNAL 2012; 6:660-9. [PMID: 21918576 PMCID: PMC3280128 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To follow the anaerobic degradation of organic matter in tidal-flat sediments, a stimulation experiment with (13)C-labeled Spirulina biomass (130 mg per 21 g sediment slurry) was conducted over a period of 24 days. A combination of microcalorimetry to record process kinetics, chemical analyses of fermentation products and RNA-based stable-isotope probing (SIP) to follow community changes was applied. Different degradation phases could be identified by microcalorimetry: Within 2 days, heat output reached its maximum (55 μW), while primary fermentation products were formed (in μmol) as follows: acetate 440, ethanol 195, butyrate 128, propionate 112, H(2) 127 and smaller amounts of valerate, propanol and butanol. Sulfate was depleted within 7 days. Thereafter, methanogenesis was observed and secondary fermentation proceeded. H(2) and alcohols disappeared completely, whereas fatty acids decreased in concentration. Three main degraders were identified by RNA-based SIP and denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis. After 12 h, two phylotypes clearly enriched in (13)C: (i) Psychrilyobacter atlanticus, a fermenter known to produce hydrogen and acetate and (ii) bacteria distantly related to Propionigenium. A Cytophaga-related bacterium was highly abundant after day 3. Sulfate reduction appeared to be performed by incompletely oxidizing species, as only sulfate-reducing bacteria related to Desulfovibrio were labeled as long as sulfate was available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Graue
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Bert Engelen
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Heribert Cypionka
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany
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A survey of culturable aerobic and anaerobic marine bacteria in de novo biofilm formation on natural substrates in St. Andrews Bay, Scotland. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 100:399-404. [PMID: 21638112 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-011-9594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a novel study of marine biofilm formation comprising aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Samples of quartz and feldspar, minerals commonly found on the earth, were suspended 5 m deep in the North Sea off the east coast of St. Andrews, Scotland for 5 weeks. The assemblage of organisms attached to these stones was cultivated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. Bacteria isolated on Marine Agar 2216 were all Gram-negative and identified to genus level by sequencing the gene encoding 16S rRNA. Colwellia, Maribacter, Pseudoaltermonas and Shewanella were observed in aerobically-grown cultures while Vibrio was found to be present in both aerobic and anaerobic cultures. The obligate anaerobic bacterium Psychrilyobacter atlanticus, a recently defined genus, was identified as a close relative of isolates grown anaerobically. The results provide valuable information as to the main players that attach and form de novo biofilms on common minerals in sea water.
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Paquet L, Monteil-Rivera F, Hatzinger PB, Fuller ME, Hawari J. Analysis of the key intermediates of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in groundwater: occurrence, stability and preservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2304-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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