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Demirci T. Highlighting the Microbial Community of Kuflu Cheese, an Artisanal Turkish Mold-Ripened Variety, by High-Throughput Sequencing. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:390-407. [PMID: 38764510 PMCID: PMC11097025 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Kuflu cheese, a popular variety of traditional Turkish mold-ripened cheeses, is characterized by its semi-hard texture and blue-green color. It is important to elucidate the microbiota of Kuflu cheese produced from raw milk to standardize and sustain its sensory properties. This study aimed to examine the bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous mold communities in Kuflu cheese using high-throughput amplicon sequencing based on 16S and ITS2 regions. Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus were the most dominant bacterial genera while Bifidobacterium genus was found to be remarkably high in some Kuflu cheese samples. Penicillium genus dominated the filamentous mold biota while the yeasts with the highest relative abundances were detected as Debaryomyces, Pichia, and Candida. The genera Virgibacillus and Paraliobacillus, which were not previously reported for mold-ripened cheeses, were detected at high relative abundances in some Kuflu cheese samples. None of the genera that include important food pathogens like Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria were detected in the samples. This is the first experiment in which the microbiota of Kuflu cheeses were evaluated with a metagenomic approach. This study provided an opportunity to evaluate Kuflu cheese, which was previously examined for fungal composition, in terms of both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Demirci
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of
Agricultural, Selcuk University, Konya 42130,
Türkiye
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2
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Yin YL, Li FL, Du XY, Zhang YX, Wang L. Paraliobacillus salinarum sp. nov., isolated from saline soil in Yingkou, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34232854 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-positive, facultatively aerobic, slightly halophilic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated G6-18T, was isolated from saline soil collected in Yingkou, Liaoning, PR China. Cells of strain G6-18T grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in the presence of 2-15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 5 %). The strain could be clearly distinguished from the related species of the genus Paraliobacillus by its phylogenetic position and biochemical characteristics. It presented MK-7 as the major quinone and the dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the major components. The G+C content of strain G6-18T genome was 35.3 mol%. 16S rRNA analysis showed that strain G6-18T had the highest similarity to Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis DSM 15140T, reaching 97.0 %, followed by Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis CGMCC 1.6333T with a value of 96.3 %. The average nucleotide identity values between strain G6-18T and Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis DSM 15140T, Paraliobacillus sedimins KCTC 33762T, Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis CGMCC 1.6333T and Paraliobacillus zengyii DSM 107811T were 74.3, 72.0, 73.2 and 72.8 %, respectively, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain G6-18T and the neighbouring strains were 15.6, 13.8, 14.2 and 14.2 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic inferences, strain G6-18T represents a novel species of the genus Paraliobacillus, for which the name Paraliobacillus salinarum sp. nov. (=CGMCC 1.12058T=DSM 25428T) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fang-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xian-Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China National Petroleum Corporation Research Institute of Safety and Environment Technology, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ya-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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3
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Salam N, Xian WD, Asem MD, Xiao M, Li WJ. From ecophysiology to cultivation methodology: filling the knowledge gap between uncultured and cultured microbes. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:132-147. [PMID: 37073336 PMCID: PMC10077289 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Earth is dominated by a myriad of microbial communities, but the majority fails to grow under in situ laboratory conditions. The basic cause of unculturability is that bacteria dominantly occur as biofilms in natural environments. Earlier improvements in the culture techniques are mostly done by optimizing media components. However, with technological advancement particularly in the field of genome sequencing and cell imagining techniques, new tools have become available to understand the ecophysiology of microbial communities. Hence, it becomes easier to mimic environmental conditions in the culture plate. Other methods include co-culturing, emendation of growth factors, and cultivation after physical cell sorting. Most recently, techniques have been proposed for bacterial cultivation by employing genomic data to understand either microbial interactions (network-directed targeted bacterial isolation) or ecosystem engineering (reverse genomics). Hopefully, these techniques may be applied to almost all environmental samples, and help fill the gaps between the cultured and uncultured microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimaichand Salam
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Science and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Wen-Dong Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Science and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Mipeshwaree Devi Asem
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Science and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Science and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Science and School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
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4
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Li J, Zhang B, Liu G, Liu Y, Yang H, Yang R, Huang Y, Li S, Chen T, Zhang W, Zhang G. Radiobacillus deserti gen. nov., sp. nov., a UV-resistant bacterium isolated from desert soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:6338-6347. [PMID: 33118923 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, endospore-forming and UV-resistant bacterial strain, designated strain TKL69T, was isolated from sandy soil sampled in the Taklimakan Desert. The strain grew at 20-50 °C, pH 6-9 and with 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidyl glycerol, two unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified phospholipid were identified as the major polar lipids. Genomic DNA analysis revealed a G+C content of 38.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TKL69T has the highest similarity to Salinibacillus xinjiangensis CGMCC 1.12331T (96.9 %) but belongs to an independent taxon separated from other genera of the family Bacillaceae. Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses suggested that strain TKL69T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Radiobacillus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being Radiobacillus deserti TKL69T (=JCM 33497T=CICC 24779T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploition and Application, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shiweng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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5
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Wang X, Yang J, Lu S, Lai XH, Jin D, Pu J, Niu L, Zhu W, Liang J, Huang Y, Wang B, Wu X, Liang H, Xu J. Paraliobacillus zengyii sp. nov., a slightly halophilic and extremely halotolerant bacterium isolated from Tibetan antelope faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:1426-1432. [PMID: 30860460 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two rod-shaped, slightly halophilic and extremely halotolerant bacterial strains (X-1125T and X-1174), which were Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic and motile with peritrichous flagella, were isolated from the faeces of Tibetan antelopes. Their optimal temperature, NaCl concentration and pH for growth were 28 °C, 3 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.5, respectively. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequences, and phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, their nearest phylogenetic neighbours were Paraliobacillussediminis KCTC 33762T (98.4 % similarity), Paraliobacillusquinghaiensis CGMCC 1.6333T (96.9 %) and Paraliobacillusryukyuensis NBRC 100001T (95.9 %) while the 16S rRNA genes of strains X-1125T and X-1174 were highly similar (99.7 %) to each other. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified lipids. MK-7 was the sole menaquinone (100 %). The cell wall contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids (>9 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 1ω11c. The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains X-1125T and X-1174 was 97.8 % (well above the species threshold), but their values were lower than the 70 % threshold with the three closely related type strains. Strains X-1125T and X-1174 had DNA G+C contents (mol%) of 35.2 and 35.1 %, respectively. Based on the presented data, strains X-1125T and X-1174 hereby represent a novel species of the genus Paraliobacillus, for which the name Paraliobacillus zengyii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X-1125T (=DSM 107811T=CGMCC 1.16464T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and the Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, PR China.,2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China.,3Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China.,3Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- 4School of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- 2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China.,3Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lina Niu
- 5Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases (Hainan Medical University); Hainan Medical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- 3Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China
| | - Junrong Liang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- 6Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- 7Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and the Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and the Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, PR China.,3Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,2State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
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6
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Bhatt HB, Azmatunnisa Begum M, Chintalapati S, Chintalapati VR, Singh SP. Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a saline desert. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4435-4442. [PMID: 28920841 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria that represent a single species, designated strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93, were isolated from a saline desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae and were closely related to each other with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.9 %. However, these two isolates formed a novel phylogenetic branch within this family. Both strains were aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive, and could grow optimally at 37 °C and pH 9. Further, strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 grew optimally at a NaCl concentration of 7.5 and 15 % (w/v), respectively. Both strains shared highest sequence similarity with Fermentibacillus polygoni IEB3T (96.90 %) followed by Bacillus nanhaiisediminis NH3T (96.3 %) and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus ANL-iso4T (96.3 %). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17:0, C16 : 0, and iso-C15 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol in both strains. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 in both the strains. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) as the diagnostic diamino acid. The DNA G+C content of strains KJ1-10-99T and KJ1-10-93 were 48.7 and 48.9 mol% respectively. Both strains could be distinguished from closest phylogenetic neighbours based on a number of phenotypic properties. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenetic data, we conclude that the strains KJ1-10-99T (=LMG 29918T=KCTC 33878T) and KJ1-10-93 (=LMG 29919=KCTC 33877) represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, for which the name Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitarth B Bhatt
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India
| | - M Azmatunnisa Begum
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India
| | - Sasikala Chintalapati
- Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Chintalapati
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India
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7
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Cao WR, Guo LY, Du ZJ, Das A, Saren G, Jiang MY, Dunlap CA, Rooney AP, Yu XK, Li TG. Paraliobacillus sediminis sp. nov., isolated from East China sea sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1577-1581. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Cao
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, PR China
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Guo
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- College of Marine Science, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Anindita Das
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
- MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaowa Saren
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ming-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Christopher A Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Alejandro P Rooney
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Xin-Ke Yu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Tie-Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, PR China
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8
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Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkali-tolerant and thermotolerant bacterium isolated from beach sediment, and reclassification of Amphibacillus fermentum as Pelagirhabdus fermentum comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:84-90. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Amoozegar MA, Bagheri M, Didari M, Mehrshad M, Schumann P, Spröer C, Sánchez-Porro C, Ventosa A. Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake, and reclassification of Virgibacillus koreensis as Aquibacillus koreensis comb. nov. and Virgibacillus albus as Aquibacillus albus comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3616-3623. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.065375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-stain-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6BT, was isolated from the water of an Iranian hypersaline lake, Aran-Bidgol, and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain B6BT were rod-shaped, motile and produced ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions in non-swollen sporangia. Strain B6BT was a strictly aerobic bacterium and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–20.0 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 10.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain B6BT was shown to belong to the phylum
Firmicutes
and its closest phylogenetic similarities were with the species
Virgibacillus koreensis
BH30097T (97.5 %),
Virgibacillus albus
YIM 93624T (97.4 %),
Sediminibacillus halophilus
EN8dT (96.8 %),
Sediminibacillus albus
NHBX5T (96.6 %),
Virgibacillus carmonensis
LMG 20964T (96.3 %) and
Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis
YIM-C158T (96.0 %), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain B6BT, along with
V. koreensis
BH30097T and
V. albus
YIM 93624T, clustered in a separate clade in the family
Bacillaceae
. The DNA G+C content of the novel isolate was 35.8 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed low levels of relatedness between strain B6BTand
V. koreensis
BH30097T (13 %) and
V. albus
YIM 93624T (33 %). The major cellular fatty acid of strain B6BT was anteiso-C15 : 0 (75.1 %) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (90 %) and MK-6 (3 %). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. All of these features support the placement of isolate B6BT within the phylum
Firmicutes
. It is closely related to
V. koreensis
and
V. albus
, but with features that clearly distinguish it from species of the genus
Virgibacillus
or of other related genera. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence derived in this study, we propose that strain B6BT be placed within a new genus, as Aquibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., with B6BT as the type strain ( = IBRC-M 10775T = KCTC 13828T). We also propose that
V. koreensis
and
V. albus
should be transferred to this new genus and be named Aquibacillus koreensis comb. nov. and Aquibacillus albus comb. nov., respectively. The type strain of Aquibacillus koreensis comb. nov. is BH30097T ( = KCTC 3823T = IBRC-M 10657T = JCM 12387T) and the type strain of Aquibacillus albus comb. nov. is YIM 93624T ( = DSM 23711T = IBRC-M 10798T = JCM 17364T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Didari
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Mehrshad
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Porro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The family
Bacillaceae
constitutes a phenotypically diverse and globally ubiquitous assemblage of bacteria. Investigation into how evolution has shaped, and continues to shape, this family has relied on several widely ranging approaches from classical taxonomy, ecological field studies, and evolution in soil microcosms to genomic-scale phylogenetics, laboratory, and directed evolution experiments. One unifying characteristic of the
Bacillaceae
, the endospore, poses unique challenges to answering questions regarding both the calculation of evolutionary rates and claims of extreme longevity in ancient environmental samples.
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11
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Glaeser SP, McInroy JA, Busse HJ, Kämpfer P. Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:2442-2448. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.064584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain P-207T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Auburn, AL, USA. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strain P-207T was grouped in the vicinity of representatives of the genera
Virgibacillus
,
Ornithinibacillus
,
Cerasibacillus
,
Lentibacillus
and
Oceanobacillus
, but could not be assigned clearly to any of these genera. The highest similarity was found to the sequence of
Virgibacillus carmonensis
LMG 20964T (94.4 %); however, the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of the type species of
Virgibacillus
,
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
, was only 92.9 %. The quinone system of strain P-207T consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile exhibited the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and moderate to minor amounts of several unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and phosphoglycolipids, an aminophospholipid and an aminolipid. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34 mol%. Because of the low sequence similarity of strain P-207T to all representatives of
Virgibacillus
,
Ornithinibacillus
,
Cerasibacillus
,
Lentibacillus
and
Oceanobacillus
, which was always <95 %, and its unique lipid pattern, we propose that strain P-207T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensis is P-207T ( = CCM 8509T = LMG 28212T = CIP 110797T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - John A. McInroy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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12
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Ruiz-Romero E, Coutiño-Coutiño MDLA, Valenzuela-Encinas C, López-Ramírez MP, Marsch R, Dendooven L. Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis gen. nov., sp. nov., alkalophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from soil of the former lake Texcoco (Mexico). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3336-3341. [PMID: 23563229 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.048447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium, designated 13CCT was isolated from soil of the former lake Texcoco. The strain was aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. It grew at salinities of 0–26 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 9–16 % (w/v) NaCl. The cells contain peptidoglycan type A1γ, A1γ′ with glycine instead of l-alanine and three variations of peptidoglycan type A4γ. The only quinone detected was MK-7. The major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids fraction consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and three different phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 37.5 mol%. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 13CCT was closely related to members of the genus
Bacillus
and shared 92.35 % similarity with
Bacillus agaradhaerens
, 92.28 % with
Bacillus neizhouensis
and 92.21 % with
Bacillus locisalis
. It is proposed based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses that the novel isolate should be classified as a representative of a new genus and novel species, for which the name Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Texcoconibacillus texcoconensis is 13CCT ( = JCM 17654T = DSM 24696T).
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Ren B, Yang N, Wang J, Ma XL, Wang Q, Xie F, Guo H, Liu ZH, Pugin B, Zhang LX. Amphibacillus marinus sp. nov., a member of the genus Amphibacillus isolated from marine mud. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1485-1491. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.045807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated J1T was isolated from deep-sea mud collected from the South China Sea and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that J1T clustered with the type strains of
Amphibacillus cookii
,
Amphibacillus sediminis
and
Amphibacillus jilinensis
and exhibited a range of similarity of 93.9–97.0 % to members of the genus
Amphibacillus
. The DNA G+C content was 36.7 mol%. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed no quinones, and the cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid for strain J1T. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. Strain J1T was positive for catalase activity and negative for oxidase activity. On the basis of phylogenetic position and phenotypic properties, strain J1T represents a novel species of the genus
Amphibacillus
and the name Amphibacillus marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J1T ( = CGMCC 1.10434T = JCM 17099T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ren
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Na Yang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Feng Xie
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Zhi-Heng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Benoît Pugin
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Li-Xin Zhang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
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Amoozegar MA, Bagheri M, Didari M, Shahzedeh Fazeli SA, Schumann P, Sánchez-Porro C, Ventosa A. Saliterribacillus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:345-351. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain X4BT, was isolated from soil around the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran and characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain X4BT were motile rods and formed ellipsoidal endospores at a terminal or subterminal position in swollen sporangia. Strain X4BT was a strictly aerobic bacterium, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–22.5 % (w/v), with optimum growth occurring at 7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 35 °C and pH 7.0. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain X4BT is a member of the family
Bacillaceae
, constituting a novel phyletic lineage within this family. Highest sequence similarities were obtained with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of
Sediminibacillus albus
(96.0 %),
Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis
(95.9 %),
Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis
(95.8 %) and
Sediminibacillus halophilus
(95.7 %), respectively. The DNA G+C content of this novel isolate was 35.2 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain X4BT were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 and its polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminolipids, an aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 (89 %) and MK-6 (11 %). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in combination with chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain X4BT represents a novel species in a new genus in the family
Bacillaceae
, order
Bacillales
for which the name Saliterribacillus persicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species (Saliterribacillus persicus) is X4BT ( = IBRC-M 10629T = KCTC 13827T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bagheri
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Didari
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Porro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Enrichment of arsenic transforming and resistant heterotrophic bacteria from sediments of two salt lakes in Northern Chile. Extremophiles 2012; 16:523-38. [PMID: 22555750 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial populations are involved in the arsenic biogeochemical cycle in catalyzing arsenic transformations and playing indirect roles. To investigate which ecotypes among the diverse microbial communities could have a role in cycling arsenic in salt lakes in Northern Chile and to obtain clues to facilitate their isolation in pure culture, sediment samples from Salar de Ascotán and Salar de Atacama were cultured in diluted LB medium amended with NaCl and arsenic, at different incubation conditions. The samples and the cultures were analyzed by nucleic acid extraction, fingerprinting analysis, and sequencing. Microbial reduction of As was evidenced in all the enrichments carried out in anaerobiosis. The results revealed that the incubation factors were more important for determining the microbial community structure than arsenic species and concentrations. The predominant microorganisms in enrichments from both sediments belonged to the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla, but most of the bacterial ecotypes were confined to only one system. The occurrence of an active arsenic biogeochemical cycle was suggested in the system with the highest arsenic content that included populations compatible with microorganisms able to transform arsenic for energy conservation, accumulate arsenic, produce H(2), H(2)S and acetic acid (potential sources of electrons for arsenic reduction) and tolerate high arsenic levels.
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16
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Schmidt M, Priemé A, Johansen A, Stougaard P. Alkalilactibacillus ikkensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel enzyme-producing bacterium from a cold and alkaline environment in Greenland. Extremophiles 2012; 16:297-305. [PMID: 22297696 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Three novel Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from a cold and alkaline environment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains were almost identical, and that they were related to Natronobacillus azotifigens 24KS-1(T) (95.8% identity), Paraliobacillus quinghaiensis YIM-C158(T) (95.1%), Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis O15-7(T) (94.5%), and Halolactibacillus miurensis M23-1(T) (93.9%). The isolates produced amylase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase, and showed optimal growth at pH 10, at 20°C, and at 2-8% (w/v) NaCl. Major fatty acids were C(14:0) (10.6-11.6%), anteiso-C(15:0) (25.7-32.7%), C(16:1) ω11c (12.2-16.0%), and C(16:0) (14.0-20.4%). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was found in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content was 38.4%. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain GCM68(T) and H. miurensis M23-1(T) was 32.4%, while hybridization to N. azotifigens 24KS-1(T), Amphibacillus tropicus Z-7792(T), and Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis O15-7(T) was below 30%. The phylogenetic analysis and G+C content place strain GCM68(T) in relation to species belonging to Bacillus rRNA group 1, but phylogenetic and physiologic data combined with chemotaxonomic analyses support our proposal for a new genus, Alkalilactibacillus, gen. nov., with the novel species Alkalilactibacillus ikkensis, sp. nov. (type strain is GCM68(T) = DSM 19937 = LMG 24405).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Schmidt
- Department of Agriculture and Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Bioprospecting microbial natural product libraries from the marine environment for drug discovery. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:415-22. [PMID: 20606699 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are fascinating resources due to their production of novel natural products with antimicrobial activities. Increases in both the number of new chemical entities found and the substantiation of indigenous marine actinobacteria present a fundamental difficulty in the future discovery of novel antimicrobials, namely dereplication of those compounds already discovered. This review will share our experience on the taxonomic-based construction of a highly diversified and low redundant marine microbial natural product library for high-throughput antibiotic screening. We anticipate that libraries such as these can drive the drug discovery process now and in the future.
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