Paracoccus hibisci sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Mugunghwa flower)

Paracoccus everestensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium with great antioxidant capacity isolated from the north slope of Mount Everest

A bacterial strain, designated S8-55T, was isolated from moraine samples collected from the north slope of Mount Everest at an altitude of 5 500 m above sea level. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel species and its characteristics, through genome sequencing and analysis of the relationship between the members of the genus Paracoccus , and explore the antioxidant capacity of strain S8-55T. The polyphasic study confirmed the affiliation of strain S8-55T with the genus Paracoccus . Strain S8-55T was aerobic, Gram-negative and oxidase- and catalase positive. Cells were orange-pigmented, ellipsoid and had no spore formation, no flagella and no motility. Strain S8-55T grow at 10–37 °C, pH 7–11 and without NaCl. Ubiquinone 10 was its predominant respiratory menaquinone. The polar lipids of strain S8-55T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids. Its major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω7c and/or C18 : 1  ω6c). The G+C content was 64.3 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence showed that strain S8-55T was closely related to Paracoccus angustae E6T (97.9 %), Paracoccus aerius 011410T (97.9 %) and Paracoccus hibisci THG-T2.8T (97.8 %). The average nucleotide identity values among strain S8-55T and P. angustae CCTCC AB 2015056T, P. aerius KCTC 42845T and P. hibisci CCTCC AB 2016181T were 84.1, 84.5 and 76.3 %, respectively. The genome of strain S8-55T contained antioxidant genes such as oxyR, recD, katE, recD and rpoH. Based on its morphological, physiological and chemical taxonomic characteristics, strain S8-55T (=JCM 35 227T=GDMCC 1.3026T) should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paracoccus with the proposed name Paracoccus everestensis sp. nov.

Paracoccus jeotgali sp. nov., isolated from Korean salted and fermented shrimp

A Gram-stain-negative and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated as strain CBA4604^T, was isolated from a traditional Korean salted and fermented shrimp food (saeu-jeot). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CBA4604^T formed a clearly distinct phyletic lineage from closely related species within the genus Paracoccus. Strain CBA4604^T was the most closely related to P. koreensis Ch05^T (97.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and other type strains (≤ 97.0%). The genome comprised a chromosome and two plasmids of 3,299,166 bp with 66.5% G+C content. The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain CBA4604^T and P. koreensis Ch05^T, P. alcaliphilus DSM 8512^T, and P. stylophorae KTW-16^T were 30.5%, 22.9%, and 16.7%, respectively. Cells of the strain were short rod-shaped and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The growth of strain CBA-4604^T was observed at 10-40°C (optimum, 37°C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 0-8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-2.0%). Strain CBA4604^T contained ubiquinone 10 as the sole isoprenoid quinone and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c/C_18:1ω6c) and C_18:0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid, and three unidentified lipids. Based on its phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features, we concluded that strain CBA-4604^T represents a novel species in the genus Paracoccus and we propose the name Paracoccus jeotgali sp. nov. The type strain is CBA4604^T (= KACC 19579^T = JCM 32510^T).

Paracoccus pueri sp. nov., isolated from Pu'er tea

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, motile by flagella bacterial strain (THG-N2.35^T), was isolated from Pu'er tea. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 4-7 (optimum 7) and at 0-5% NaCl (optimum 1%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the near phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-N2.35^T were identified as Paracoccus hibisci KACC 18632^T (99.0%), Paracoccus tibetensis CGMCC 1.8925^T (98.7%), Paracoccus beibuensis CGMCC 1.7295^T (98.2%), Paracoccus aestuarii KCTC 22049^T (98.2%), Paracoccus rhizosphaerae LMG 26205^T (98.1%), Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588^T (97.1%), Paracoccus marcusii DSM 11574^T (97.0%). Levels of similarity between strain THG-N2.35^T and other Paracoccus species were lower than 97.0%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-N2.35^T and P. hibisci KACC 18632^T, P. tibetensis CGMCC 1.8925^T, P. beibuensis CGMCC 1.7295^T, P. aestuarii KCTC 22049^T, P. rhizosphaerae LMG 26205^T, P. zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588^T, P.marcusii DSM 11574^T were 47.5% (42.3%, reciprocal analysis), 36.1% (32.3%), 24.7% (22.1%), 19.2% (16.3%), 11.3% (8.8%), 11.1% (10.8%), 6.1% (5.8%), respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-N2.35^T was 62.3 mol%. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The major fatty acids were C_10:0 3OH, C_16:0, C_18:0 and C_18:1 ω7ϲ. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-N2.35^T represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus pueri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-N2.35^T (= KACC 18934^T = CCTCC AB 2016177^T).

Paracoccus alimentarius sp. nov., isolated from a Korean foodstuff, salted pollack

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid or ovoid bacterial strain, designated LB2^T, was isolated from a Korean foodstuff, salted pollack. Strain LB2^T grew optimally at 25-30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LB2^T belonged to the genus Paracoccus, coherently clustering with the type strain of Paracoccus sulfuroxidans. Strain LB2^T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.0 and 97.0 % to the type strains of P. sulfuroxidans and Paracoccus halophilus, respectively, and of less than 96.9 % to the type strains of other Paracoccus species. Strain LB2^T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone. Major fatty acids of strain LB2^T were cyclo C19 : 0ω8c, C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 (when grown on MA) or C18 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 (on TSA). The major polar lipids detected in strain LB2^T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain LB2^T was 61.4 mol% and its DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of P. sulfuroxidans and P. halophilus were 26 and 18 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain LB2^T is separated from recognized Paracoccus species. On the basis of the data presented, strain LB2^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus alimentarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LB2^T (=KCTC 62138^T=NBRC 113023^T).