1
|
de Brito SG, Dias TS, Dos Santos Machado L, de Souza JB, da Cunha NC, de Almeida Pereira VL, Barreto ML, de Mello Figueiredo Cerqueira A, Neves FPG. Detection of Mycoplasma spp. in free-living seabirds. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01409-8. [PMID: 38833117 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and identify the species of mycoplasma isolates obtained from seabirds found on Brazilian coastal beaches. Tracheal and cloacal swab samples were collected from 50 seabirds rescued by three conservation and marine animal rehabilitation centers located in Brazil. The tracheal and cloacal samples were subjected to mycoplasma culture and the isolates were identified through PCR. A "Mollicutes-specific" 16S rRNA PCR reaction was employed for triage. Four species-specific PCR reactions were used to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma meleagridis, or M. gallinarum. The Mollicutes positive and species negative samples were submitted do 16S rRNA sequencing. Eighteen (36%) of 50 seabirds tested positive for mycoplasma by culture. In the PCR for the genus, 28 (56%) of 50 seabirds were positive for Mycoplasma spp., with 13 (26%) detected in the trachea, one (2%) in the cloaca, and 14 (28%) in both sites. In the species-specific PCR, M. gallisepticum was detected in 17.8%, and M. meleagridis in 17.8%. Both species were detected in 14.3%. Of the isolates not characterized at species level, we obtained ten sequences and they were divided into three clusters. The first cluster was closely related to M. meleagridis, the second to M. synoviae, and the third grouped M. tully, M. gallisepticum, and M. imitans. Four and five of nine species of seabirds studied had mycoplasma detected by culture or PCR, respectively. Mycoplasmas were found in the majority of the animals studied, with the highest prevalence proportionally found in Sula leucogaster, and the lowest in Fregata magnificens. The phylogenetic analysis identified Mycoplasma spp. adapted to aquatic birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara Gomes de Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu Em Microbiologia E Parasitologia Aplicadas (PPGMPA), da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Thomas Salles Dias
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva Veterinária E Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Dos Santos Machado
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva Veterinária E Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jenif Braga de Souza
- Instituto de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Biomodelos (ICTB), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Costa da Cunha
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva Veterinária E Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Virginia Léo de Almeida Pereira
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva Veterinária E Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Barreto
- Departamento de Imunologia (GIM), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Piedade Gonçalves Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu Em Microbiologia E Parasitologia Aplicadas (PPGMPA), da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia E Parasitologia (MIP), Instituto Biomédico (CMB), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ramírez AS, Poveda JB, Dijkman R, Poveda C, Suárez-Pérez A, Rosales RS, Feberwee A, Szostak MP, Ressel L, Viver T, Calabuig P, Catania S, Gobbo F, Timofte D, Spergser J. Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. isolated from the trachea of sea birds. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126472. [PMID: 37839385 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In the search for mollicutes in wild birds, six Mycoplasma strains were isolated from tracheal swabs taken from four different species of seabirds. Four strains originated from three Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) and a Cory's shearwater (Calonectris borealis) from Spain, one from a South African Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), and one from an Italian Black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). These Mycoplasma strains presented 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values with Mycoplasma (M.) gallisepticum. Phylogenetic analyses of marker genes (16S rRNA gene and rpoB) confirmed the close relationship of the strains to M. gallisepticum and M. tullyi. The seabirds' strains grew well in modified Hayflick medium, and colonies showed typical fried egg morphology. They produced acid from glucose and mannose but did not hydrolyze arginine or urea. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a cell morphology characteristic of mycoplasmas, presenting spherical to flask-shaped cells with an attachment organelle. Gliding motility was also observed. Furthermore, serological tests, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and genomic studies demonstrated that the strains were different to any known Mycoplasma species, for which the name Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is T158T (DSM 110708 = NCTC 14398).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Ramírez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, IUSA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José B Poveda
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, IUSA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Remco Dijkman
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, IUSA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Pérez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, IUSA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rubén S Rosales
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, IUSA, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Anneke Feberwee
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Tomeu Viver
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Spain
| | - Pascual Calabuig
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Salvatore Catania
- Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1-Verona, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra (VR), Italy
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Mycoplasma Unit - SCT1-Verona, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Avian Mycoplasmosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 37060 Buttapietra (VR), Italy
| | - Dorina Timofte
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria Isolated from Nondomestic Animals Described in 2018 to 2021. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0142522. [PMID: 36533958 PMCID: PMC9945507 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01425-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Revisions and new additions to bacterial taxonomy can have a significant widespread impact on clinical practice, infectious disease epidemiology, veterinary microbiology laboratory operations, and wildlife conservation efforts. The expansion of genome sequencing technologies has revolutionized our knowledge of the microbiota of humans, animals, and insects. Here, we address novel taxonomy and nomenclature revisions of veterinary significance that impact bacteria isolated from nondomestic wildlife, with emphasis being placed on bacteria that are associated with disease in their hosts or were isolated from host animal species that are culturally significant, are a target of conservation efforts, or serve as reservoirs for human pathogens.
Collapse
|
4
|
Volokhov DV, Furtak VA, Blom J, Zagorodnyaya TA, Gao Y, Gulland FM. Mycoplasma miroungirhinis sp. nov. and Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium sp. nov., isolated from northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), Mycoplasma phocoenae sp. nov., isolated from harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and Mycoplasma phocoeninasale sp. nov., isolated from harbour porpoise and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven novel independent strains of
Mycoplasma
species were isolated from northern elephant seals (ES2806-NAST, ES2806-GENT, ES3157-GEN-MYC and ES3225-GEN-MYC), a harbour porpoise (C264-GENT and C264-NAST), and a California sea lion (CSL7498). These strains were phenotypically and genetically characterized and compared to the known
Mycoplasma
species. Four strains (C264-GENT, C264-NAST, CSL7498 and ES2806-NAST) hydrolysed arginine but not urea and did not produce acid from carbohydrates. Strains ES2806-GENT, ES3157-GEN-MYC and ES3225-GEN-MYC did not produced acid from carbohydrates and did not hydrolyse arginine or urea; hence, it is assumed that organic acids are used as the energy source for them. All were isolated and propagated in ambient air supplemented with 5±1 % CO2 at +35–37 °C using either SP4 or PPLO medium. Colonies on solid medium showed a typical fried-egg appearance and transmission electron microscopy revealed a typical mycoplasma cellular morphology. The complete genomes were sequenced for all type strains. Average nucleotide and amino acid identity analyses showed that these novel strains were distant from the phylogenetically closely related
Mycoplasma
species. Based on these data, we propose four novel species of the genus
Mycoplasma
, for which the name Mycoplasma miroungirhinis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain ES2806-NAST (=NCTC 14430T=DSM 110945T), Mycoplasma miroungigenitalium sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain ES2806-GENT (=NCTC 14429T=DSM 110944T) and representative strains ES3157-GEN-MYC and ES3225-GEN-MYC, Mycoplasma phocoenae sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain C264-GENT (=NCTC 14344T=DSM 110687T) and Mycoplasma phocoeninasale sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain C264-NAST (=NCTC 14343T=DSM 110688T) and representative strain CSL7498. The genome G+C contents are 24.06, 30.09, 28.49 and 29.05% and the complete genome sizes are 779 550, 815 486, 693 115, and 776 009 bp for strains ES2806-NAST, ES2806-GENT, C264-GENT and C264-NAST, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V. Volokhov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Vyacheslav A. Furtak
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 58, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tatiana A. Zagorodnyaya
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yamei Gao
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tavío MM, Ramírez AS, Poveda C, Rosales RS, Malla CF, Poveda JB. Resistance to 16-Membered Macrolides, Tiamulin and Lincomycin in a Swine Isolate of Acholeplasma laidlawii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111415. [PMID: 34827353 PMCID: PMC8615230 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acholeplasma (A.) laidlawii is an opportunistic pathogen with the ability to disseminate resistance determinants to antibiotics; however, its resistance to macrolides has been less studied. The aim of the present study was to characterize the mechanisms responsible for the resistance to macrolides, tiamulin and lincomycin found in a strain of A. laidlawii isolated from a pig with pneumonia. MICs of erythromycin, 15- and 16-membered macrolides, tiamulin and lincomycin were determined by microdilution method with and without reserpine, an inhibitor of ABC efflux pumps and regions of the genome were sequenced. Reserpine only decreased lincomycin MIC but it did not change the MICs of macrolides and tiamulin. The analysis of the DNA sequence of 23S rRNA showed nucleotide substitutions at eight different positions, although none of them were at positions previously related to macrolide resistance. Five mutations were found in the L22 protein, one of them at the stop codon. In addition, two mutations were found in the amino acid sequence of L4. The combination of multiple mutations in the ribosomal proteins L22 and L4 together with substitutions in 23S rRNA DNA sequence was associated with the resistance to macrolides, the pleuromutilin and lincomycin in the studied A. laidlawii strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María M. Tavío
- Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (M.M.T.); (C.F.M.)
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.P.); (R.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Ana S. Ramírez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.P.); (R.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9284-57432
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.P.); (R.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Rubén S. Rosales
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.P.); (R.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Cristina F. Malla
- Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (M.M.T.); (C.F.M.)
| | - José B. Poveda
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (C.P.); (R.S.R.); (J.B.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le Gall-Ladevèze C, Nouvel LX, Souvestre M, Croville G, Hygonenq MC, Guérin JL, Le Loc'h G. Detection of a novel enterotropic Mycoplasma gallisepticum-like in European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) around poultry farms in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e883-e894. [PMID: 34738732 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in southwest France have raised questions regarding the role of commensal wild birds in the introduction and dissemination of pathogens between poultry farms. To assess possible infectious contacts at the wild-domestic bird interface, the presence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was studied in the two sympatric compartments in southwest France. Among various peridomestic wild birds (n = 385), standard PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA of MG showed a high apparent prevalence (up to 45%) in cloacal swabs of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, n = 108), while the MG-specific mgc2 gene was not detected. No tracheal swab of these birds tested positive, and no clinical sign was observed in positive birds, suggesting commensalism in the digestive tract of starlings. A mycoplasma strain was then isolated from a starling swab and its whole genome was sequenced using both Illumina and Nanopore technologies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it was closely related to MG and M. tullyi, although it was a distinct species. A pair of specific PCR primers targeting the mgc2-like gene of this MG-like strain was designed and used to screen again the same avian populations and a wintering urban population of starlings (n = 50). Previous PCR results obtained in starlings were confirmed to be mostly due to this strain (20/22 positive pools). In contrast, the strain was not detected in fresh faeces of urban starlings. Furthermore, it was detected in one cloacal pool of white wagtails, suggesting infectious transmissions between synanthropic birds with similar feeding behaviour. As the new Starling mycoplasma was not detected in free-range ducks (n = 80) in close contact with positive starlings, nor in backyard (n = 320) and free-range commercial (n = 720) chickens of the area, it might not infect poultry. However, it could be involved in mycoplasma gene transfer in such multi-species contexts.
Collapse
|
7
|
Taylor KJM, Ngunjiri JM, Abundo MC, Jang H, Elaish M, Ghorbani A, Kc M, Weber BP, Johnson TJ, Lee CW. Respiratory and Gut Microbiota in Commercial Turkey Flocks with Disparate Weight Gain Trajectories Display Differential Compositional Dynamics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00431-20. [PMID: 32276973 PMCID: PMC7267191 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00431-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Communities of gut bacteria (microbiota) are known to play roles in resistance to pathogen infection and optimal weight gain in turkey flocks. However, knowledge of turkey respiratory microbiota and its link to gut microbiota is lacking. This study presents a 16S rRNA gene-based census of the turkey respiratory microbiota (nasal cavity and trachea) alongside gut microbiota (cecum and ileum) in two identical commercial Hybrid Converter turkey flocks raised in parallel under typical field commercial conditions. The flocks were housed in adjacent barns during the brood stage and in geographically separated farms during the grow-out stage. Several bacterial taxa, primarily Staphylococcus, that were acquired in the respiratory tract at the beginning of the brood stage persisted throughout the flock cycle. Late-emerging predominant taxa in the respiratory tract included Deinococcus and Corynebacterium Tracheal and nasal microbiota of turkeys were identifiably distinct from one another and from gut microbiota. Nevertheless, gut and respiratory microbiota changed in parallel over time and appeared to share many taxa. During the brood stage, the two flocks generally acquired similar gut and respiratory microbiota, and their average body weights were comparable. However, there were qualitative and quantitative differences in microbial profiles and body weight gain trajectories after the flocks were transferred to geographically separated grow-out farms. Lower weight gain corresponded to the emergence of Deinococcus and Ornithobacterium in the respiratory tract and Fusobacterium and Parasutterella in gut. This study provides an overview of turkey microbiota under field conditions and suggests several hypotheses concerning the respiratory microbiome.IMPORTANCE Turkey meat is an important source of animal protein, and the industry around its production contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. The microorganisms present in the gut of turkeys are known to impact bird health and flock performance. However, the respiratory microbiota in turkeys is entirely unexplored. This study has elucidated the microbiota of respiratory tracts of turkeys from two commercial flocks raised in parallel throughout a normal flock cycle. Further, the study suggests that bacteria originating in the gut or in poultry house environments influence respiratory communities; consequently, they induce poor performance, either directly or indirectly. Future attempts to develop microbiome-based interventions for turkey health should delimit the contributions of respiratory microbiota and aim to limit disturbances to those communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara J M Taylor
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Ngunjiri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael C Abundo
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hyesun Jang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed Elaish
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Amir Ghorbani
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahesh Kc
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bonnie P Weber
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Mid-Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Willmar, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Volokhov DV, Gao Y, Davidson MK, Chizhikov VE. Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. isolated from respiratory tract of horse (Equus caballus) and Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov. isolated from oral cavity of raccoon (Procyon lotor). Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:411-420. [PMID: 31828363 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe two novel species of Acholeplasma sp. strain N93 and Mycoplasma sp. strain LR5794 which were isolated from the nasopharynx of a horse from the United Kingdom and from the oral cavity of a North American raccoon from Canada, respectively. These strains were phenotypically and genetically characterized and compared to other established Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species. Both strains are facultative anaerobes, resistant to penicillin, and produce acid from glucose but do not hydrolyze arginine and urea. Both strains grew well in microaerophilic and anaerobic atmospheric conditions at 35-37 °C using PPLO (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) medium. Acholeplasma sp. N93 does not require serum for growth. Colonies of both strains showed a typical fried-egg appearance and transmission electron microscopy of bacterial cells revealed a typical mycoplasma cellular morphology. Molecular characterization included assessment of several genetic loci. The genetic analysis indicated that Acholeplasma sp. N93 and Mycoplasma sp. LR5794 were most closely related to A. hippikon and A. equifetale, and M. molare and M. lagogenitalium, respectively. However, both novel strains were genetically unique in comparison to other well-known Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species. Based on the isolation source history, phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics of these novel strains, we propose the name Acholeplasma equirhinis sp. nov. for Acholeplasma sp. isolated from the nasopharynx of a horse [the type strain is N93T (= DSM 106692T = ATCC TSD-139T = NCTC 14351T)], and the name Mycoplasma procyoni sp. nov. for the Mycoplasma sp. isolated from the oral cavity of a North American raccoon [the type strain is LR5794T (= DSM 106703T = ATCC TSD-141T = NCTC 14309T)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Volokhov
- Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA.
| | - Yamei Gao
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA
| | - Maureen K Davidson
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Vladimir E Chizhikov
- Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993-0002, USA
| |
Collapse
|