Paenibacillus sabuli sp. nov., isolated from the South China Sea

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, spore-forming bacterium, designated strain IB182496T, was isolated from coastal sand of the South China Sea. The strain grew optimally at pH 7.0–9.0, 20–30 °C, and with NaCl 3.0–5.0 %. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids in the cell wall included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain IB182496T was most closely related to ‘Paenibacillus sambharensis’ SMB1 and Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6T with similarities of 95.7 and 95.5 %, respectively. The whole-genome average nucleotide identity values between strain IB182496T and the two reference strains were 70.8 and 70.5%, and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 18.7 and 18.0 %, respectively. Genomic analyses showed that strain IB182496T presented a genome of 6.22 Mbp with chromosomal G+C content of 60.3 %, and a total of 5261 genes were predicted. The combined phylogenetic relatedness, phenotypic and genotypic features supported the conclusion that strain IB182496T should be considered as representing a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus , for which we propose the name Paenibacillus sabuli sp. nov. with the type strain IB182496T (=MCCC 1K04627T=JCM 34216T).

Paenibacillus tianjinensis sp. nov., isolated from corridor air

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium, occurring singly or in pairs, designated TB2019^T, was isolated from environmental monitoring samples of corridor air collected at the Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, Tianjin Province (PR China). The isolate was able to grow at 15-40 °C (optimum growth at 37 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (0% NaCl). Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that TB2019^T was most closely related to Paenibacillus typhae CGMCC 1.11012^T (98.63%), Paenibacillus albidus Q4-3^T (98.19%), Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188^T (97.55%), Paenibacillus helianthi P26E^T (97.33%) and Paenibacillus odorifer DSM 15391^T (97.19%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and the average nucleotide identity values between TB2019^T and the five type strains mentioned above ranged from 20.7 to 25.0% and 75.2 to 81.3%, respectively, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 49.52 mol%. The diagnostic cell-wall sugar was ribose, and the diagnostic amino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids of TB2019^T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified phospholipid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C_15:0 (30.6%) was the major fatty acid. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, strain TB2019^T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus tianjinensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TB2019^T (=CICC 25065^T=JCM 34610^T).

Description of Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from soil

Two strains isolated from soil samples were designated as YH-JAE5^T and YH-JAE2. The isolates were facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-variable, motile, rod-shaped bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, but the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were <98 % when compared with other species within the genus. Analysis of rpoB gene revealed the isolates formed a sub-cluster with P. chibensis. The only menaquinone identified was MK-7. The two isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid within their cell wall peptidoglycan. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, aminophospholipids, and lipids. The major fatty acids were C_15 : 0 anteiso and C_15 : 0 iso. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between isolate YH-JAE5^T and the most closely related reference strain (Paenibacillus chibensis KCTC 3758^T) were 81.7, 84.8 and 23.4 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.4 mol%. Thus, the polyphasic data revealed that YH-JAE2 (=KCTC 43239=JCM 34435) and YH-JAE5^T (=KCTC 43059=JCM 33533) represent a new species. The name Paenibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed.