Suicoccus acidiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a sick pig

Fecal and vaginal microbiota of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pregnant elk challenged with Brucella abortus

Introduction

Brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis in cattle and in humans, resulting in economic losses in the agricultural sector and representing a major threat to public health. Elk populations in the American Northwest are reservoirs for this bacterium and transmit the agent to domestic cattle herds. One potential strategy to mitigate the transmission of brucellosis by elk is vaccination of elk populations against B. abortus; however, elk appear to be immunologically distinct from cattle in their responses to current vaccination strategies. The differences in host response to B. abortus between cattle and elk could be attributed to differences between the cattle and elk innate and adaptive immune responses. Because species-specific interactions between the host microbiome and the immune system are also known to affect immunity, we sought to investigate interactions between the elk microbiome and B. abortus infection and vaccination.

Methods

We analyzed the fecal and vaginal microbial communities of B. abortus-vaccinated and unvaccinated elk which were challenged with B. abortus during the periparturient period.

Results

We observed that the elk fecal and vaginal microbiota are similar to those of other ruminants, and these microbial communities were affected both by time of sampling and by vaccination status. Notably, we observed that taxa representing ruminant reproductive tract pathogens tended to increase in abundance in the elk vaginal microbiome following parturition. Furthermore, many of these taxa differed significantly in abundance depending on vaccination status, indicating that vaccination against B. abortus affects the elk vaginal microbiota with potential implications for animal reproductive health.

Discussion

This study is the first to analyze the vaginal microbiota of any species of the genus Cervus and is also the first to assess the effects of B. abortus vaccination and challenge on the vaginal microbiome.

Fundicoccus culcitae sp. nov., a novel potential bacteriocin producing bacterium isolated from a spoiled eye mask

A Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, oval beaded-shape, oxidase-negative, and non-motile bacterium designated DM20194951T was isolated from a spoiled eye mask obtained from Guangdong, China. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain DM20194951T showed the highest sequence similarity (95.8%) to Fundicoccus ignavus WS4937T. Meanwhile, strain DM20194951T could be distinguished from the type strains in the genus Fundicoccus by distinct phenotypic and genotypic traits. Strain DM20194951T grew variably with 1-2% (w/v) NaCl and tolerated pH 6.0-10.0. Growth was observed from 28 to 37 °C. The diagnostic diamino acids in the cell-wall peptidoglycan consisted of aspartic and glutamic acids as well as alanine. The predominant fatty acids were C18:1 ω9c, C16:0, and C16:1 ω9c. In the polar lipid profile, two glycolipids, three phospholipids, one phosphatidylglycerol, and one diphosphatidylglycerol were found. No respiratory quinones were detected. The DM20194951T genome is 3.2 Mb in size and contains a G + C content of 38.1%. A gene cluster for lactococcin 972 family bacteriocin production was found in the DM20194951T genome. Based on morphological, genotypic, and phylogenetic data, strain DM20194951T should be considered to represent a novel species in the genus Fundicoccus, for which the name Fundicoccus culcitae sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain DM20194951T (= KCTC 43472T = GDMCC 1.3614T).

An Update on Novel Taxa and Revised Taxonomic Status of Bacteria Isolated from Domestic Animals Described in 2018 to 2021

Novel bacterial taxonomy and nomenclature revisions can have significant impacts on clinical practice, disease epidemiology, and veterinary microbiology laboratory operations. Expansion of research on the microbiota of humans, animals, and insects has significant potential impacts on the taxonomy of organisms of clinical interest. Implications of taxonomic changes may be especially important when considering zoonotic diseases. Here, we address novel taxonomy and nomenclature revisions of veterinary significance. Noteworthy discussion centers around descriptions of novel mastitis pathogens in Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Actinomycetaceae; bovine reproductive tract pathogens in Corynebacteriaceae; novel members of Mannheimia spp., Leptospira spp., and Mycobacterium spp.; the transfer of Ochrobactrum spp. to Brucella spp.; and revisions to the genus Mycoplasma.

Faecalibacter bovis sp. nov., isolated from cow faeces

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, pleomorphic rod-shaped bacterium, designated ZY171143^T, was isolated from faeces of a cow with diarrhoea in Wenshan, Yunnan Province, south-west China and its taxonomic position was studied. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZY171143^T belonged to the family Weeksellaceae and was most closely related to the only species of the genus Faecalibacter, Faecalibacter macacae CCTCC AB 2016016^T with a sequence similarity of 97.8 %. The genomic OrthoANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain and F. macacae CCTCC AB 2016016^T were 86.2 and 30.5 %, respectively. The genomic G+C content was 31.1 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were C_15 : 0 iso, C_17 : 0 iso 3OH, C_16 : 0, C_16 : 1ω5c and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1ω7c and/or 16 : 1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, triacylglycerol and sulfonolipid. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-6. These chemotaxonomic characterizations also revealed that strain ZY171143^T was a member of the genus Faecalibacter. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain ZY171143^T represents a novel species within the genus Faecalibacter, for which the name Faecalibacter bovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY171143^T (=CGMCC 1.13663^T=KCTC 62642^T).

Reclassification of Facklamia ignava, Facklamia sourekii and Facklamia tabacinasalis as Falseniella ignava gen. nov., comb. nov., Hutsoniella sourekii gen. nov., comb. nov., and Ruoffia tabacinasalis gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Ruoffia halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline Inland Sea of Qatar

A Gram-stain-positive, non-pigmented, coccus-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and α-hemolytic bacterium designated as INB8^T was isolated from a hypersaline marine water sample collected at the Inland Sea of Qatar. The isolate was able to grow at 25-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5-11 and with 2-8% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain INB8^T was placed within the family Aerococcaceae with the highest sequence similarity to Facklamia tabacinasalis CCUG 30090^T (99.5%), followed by Facklamia hominis CCUG 36813^T (93.9%), Facklamia sourekii Y17312^T (93.8%), Facklamia ignava CCUG 37419^T (93.6%), Facklamia miroungae CCUG 42728^T (93.5%), Suicoccus acidiformans ZY16052^T (93.5%), Facklamia languida CCUG 37842^T (93.2%), Ignavigranum ruoffiae (93.1%), and Dolosicoccus paucivorans DSM 15742^T (90.8%). Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain INB8^T and F. tabacinasalis CCUG 30090^T were determined to be 94.5% and 58.9% respectively, confirming strain INB8^T represents a novel species. The major fatty acids were C_14:0, C_16:0, C_18:0 and C_18:1 ω9c_. The G + C content of strain INB8^T determined from the genome was 36.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic information, it is proposed that Facklamia tabacinasalis should be reclassified as Ruoffia tabacinasalis, Facklamia ignava be reclassified as Falseniella ignava, and Facklamia sourekii be reclassified Hutsoniella sourekii. It is further proposed that strain INB8^T should be classified as a species of the genus Ruoffia for which the name Ruoffia halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is INB8^T (= LMG 30291^T = CCUG 70701^T = QCC/B60/17^T).

Mannheimia bovis sp. nov., Isolated from a Dead Cow with Hemorrhagic Pneumonia

Strain ZY190616^T was isolated from lung of a dead cow with hemorrhagic pneumonia in Yunnan Province, China. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was closely related to species of the genus Mannheimia and formed an independent clade with M.varigena CCUG 38462 ^T (97.0% similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on recN gene indicated that the strain formed a clade with M.caviae CCUG 59995 ^T (87.8% similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on rpoB gene indicated that the strain formed a clade with M.varigena CCUG 38462 ^T (94.7% similarity). The genomic OrthoANI values between strain ZY190616^T and M. ovis, M.haemolytica and M.granulomatis were 84.5%, 82.7% and 81.9%, respectively. The genomic G + C content was 39.8 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (> 5%) of the strain were C_16:0, C_14:0, C_18:1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/ or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 2 (C14:0 3OH/ C16:1 Iso). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), monophosphatidylglycerol (MGDG), triacylglycerol (TAG) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DLCL). The sole respiratory quinone was CoQ-7. Based on evidence from the taxonomic study, strain ZY190616^T represents a novel species of the genus Mannheimia, for which the name Mannheimia bovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY190616^T (= CCTCC AB 2020168 ^T = KCTC 25018 ^T).

Mannheimia ovis sp. nov., Isolated from Dead Sheep with Hemorrhagic Pneumonia

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, designated ZY170218^T and ZY180512, were isolated from lungs of dead sheep with hemorrhagic pneumonia in Yunnan Province, China and their taxonomic positions were studied by a polyphasic approach. The two isolates grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 9.0 and 1.0% NaCl (w/v), and showed identical 16S rRNA, recN and rpoB gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the two strains fell within the cluster of species in the genus Mannheimia and formed a separated lineage with comparatively low similarity to the closest related species M. granulomatis (96.5%). Phylogenetic analysis based on rpoB gene indicated that the strains formed a monophyletic evolutionary lineage, with low sequence similarity ≤ 89.0% to the species of the genus Mannheimia. The genomic OrthoANI values between strain ZY170218^T and M. granulomatis and M. haemolytica were 80.4% and 83.1%, respectively. The genomic G + C content of strain ZY170218^T was 39.1 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (> 5%) of the two strains were C_16:0, C_14:0, C_18:1ω7c, summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c and/ or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 2 (C_14:0 3OH/ C_16:1 Iso). The major polar lipids of strain ZY170218^T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and diacylglycerols. The sole respiratory quinone of the two strains was CoQ-7. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain ZY170218^T and ZY180512 clearly represents a novel species of the genus Mannheimia, for which the name Mannheimia ovis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY170218^T (= CGMCC 1.13620 ^T = KCTC 15731 ^T).

Fundicoccus ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus of the family Aerococcaceae isolated from bulk tank milk

Three strains of a Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, and coccoid species were isolated from German bulk tank milk. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the three strains (WS4937^T, WS4759 and WS5303) constitute an independent phylogenetic lineage within the family Aerococcaceae with Facklamia hominis CCUG 36813^T (93.7-94.1 %) and Eremococcus coleocola M1831/95/2^T (93.5 %) as most closely related type species. The unclassified strains demonstrated variable growth with 6.5 % (w/v) NaCl and tolerated pH 6.5-9.5. Growth was observed from 12 to 39 °C. Their cell-wall peptidoglycan belongs to the A1α type (l-Lys-direct) consisting of alanine, glutamic acid and lysine. The predominant fatty acids were C_16 : 1 ω9c, C_16 : 0 and C_18 : 1 ω9c and in the polar lipids profile three glycolipids, a phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid and diphosphatidylglycerol were found. The G+C content of strain WS4937^T was 37.4 mol% with a genome size of ~3.0 Mb. Based on phylogenetic, phylogenomic and biochemical characterizations, the isolates can be demarcated from all other genera of the family Aerococcaceae and, therefore, the novel genus Fundicoccus gen. nov. is proposed. The type species of the novel genus is Fundicoccus ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov. WS4937^T (=DSM 109652^T=LMG 31441^T).