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Rai S, Singh LS, Shaanker RU, Jeyaram K, Parija T, Sahoo D. Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9318. [PMID: 38654024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes of Panax have the potential to produce their host plant secondary metabolites, ginsenosides. Panax sokpayensis, an endemic traditional medicinal plant of the Sikkim Himalayas was explored for the isolation of endophytic fungi. In the present study, we have isolated 35 endophytic fungal cultures from the rhizome of P. sokpayensis and screened for ginsenosides production by HPLC by comparing the peak retention time with that of standard ginsenosides. The HPLC analysis revealed that out of 35 isolates, the mycelial extracts of four fungal endophytes (PSRF52, PSRF53, PSRF49 and PSRF58) exhibited peaks with a similar retention time of the standard ginsenoside, Compound K (CK). LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis led to the confirmation of ginsenoside CK production by the four fungal endophytes which showed a compound with m/z 639.6278, similar to that of standard ginsenoside CK with yield in potato dextrose broth flask fermentation ranging from 0.0019 to 0.0386 mg/g of mycelial mass in dry weight basis. The four prospective fungal endophyte isolates were identified as Thermothielavioides terrestris PSRF52, Aspergillus sp. PSRF49, Rutstroemiaceae sp. strain PSRF53, and Phaeosphaeriaceae sp. strain PSRF58 based on ITS sequencing. The present finding highlights the need for further study on growth optimization and other culture parameters to exploit the endophytes as an alternative source for ginsenoside CK production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subecha Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT-Deemed to be University, Campus XI, Patia, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Laishram Shantikumar Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India.
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- School of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Jeyaram
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Tithi Parija
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT-Deemed to be University, Campus XI, Patia, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Sikkim Centre, DBT, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Xu Y, Zhu M, Feng Y, Xu H. Panax notoginseng-microbiota interactions: From plant cultivation to medicinal application. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154978. [PMID: 37549538 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiomes and their host plants are closely linked with each other; for example, the microbiome affects plant growth, fitness, nutrient uptake, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance, whereas the host plant supports the photosynthetically carbon-rich nutrition of the microbiome. The importance of the microbiome in plant‒soil ecosystems is unquestioned and has expanded to influence the medicinal application of some herbal plants via the gut microbiota. PURPOSE Herbal plant-microbiome interactions may provide novel knowledge to enhance the robustness of herbal plant crop performance and medicinal applications, which requires a systematic review and preceding discussion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The interactions between Panax notoginseng and microorganisms (from soil to host) were reviewed from the literature. The terms "Panax notoginseng" and "microbiota" were used in combination with the keywords "microbiota/microbes", "bacteria/bacterium" or "fungi/fungus" or "endophyte", as well as our targeted bioactive phytochemicals, including saponins and ginsenosides. RESULT Our study focuses on the famous medicinal herb Panax notoginseng F. H. Chen and proposes that the microbiota is a crucial participant not only in the cultivation of this herbal plant but also in its medicinal application. We also summarize and discuss how these plant‒microbe co-associations shape the assembly of plant-related microbiomes and produce bioactive phytochemicals, as well as influence beneficial herbal traits, such as herbal plant health and pharmacology. In addition, we also highlight future directions. CONCLUSION The rhizosphere and endophytic microbiome of Panax notoginseng are indirectly or directly involved in plant health, biomass production, and the synthesis/biotransformation of plant secondary metabolites. Harnessing the microbiome to improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and improve the value of medicinal plants for human health is highly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengjie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Guo Q, Shi L, Wang X, Li D, Yin Z, Zhang J, Ding G, Chen L. Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Trichoderma genus (Covering 2018-2022). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13612-13632. [PMID: 37684097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma, a genus with more than 400 species, has a long history of use as an industrial bioreactor, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. It is considered a significant source of secondary metabolites (SMs) that possess unique structural features and a wide range of bioactivities. In recent years, numerous secondary metabolites of Trichoderma, including terpenoids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and steroids, have been identified. Most of these SMs displayed antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antifungal effects. This review focuses on the structural diversity, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the SMs isolated from Trichoderma covered from 2018 to 2022. This study provides insights into the exploration and utilization of bioactive compounds from Trichoderma species in the agriculture or pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Guo
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
- Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Li
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
- Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Yin
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Henan Comprehensive Utilization of Edible and Medicinal Plant Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Natural Products, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450063, People's Republic of China
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Zhang GZ, Yang HT, Zhang XJ, Zhou FY, Wu XQ, Xie XY, Zhao XY, Zhou HZ. Five new species of Trichoderma from moist soils in China. MycoKeys 2022; 87:133-157. [PMID: 35221753 PMCID: PMC8873192 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.87.76085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma isolates were collected from moist soils near a water source in different areas of China. ITS sequences were submitted to MIST (Multiloci Identification System for Trichoderma) and meets the Trichoderma [ITS76] standard. Combined analyses of phylogenetic analyses of both phylograms (tef1-α and rpb2) and morphological characteristics, revealed five new species of Trichoderma, namely Trichoderma hailarense, T. macrofasciculatum, T. nordicum, T. shangrilaense and T. vadicola. Phylogenetic analyses showed T. macrofasciculatum and T. shangrilaense belong to the Polysporum clade, T. hailarense, while T. nordicum and T. vadicola belong to the Viride clade. Each new taxon formed a distinct clade in phylogenetic analysis and have unique sequences of tef1-α and rpb2 that meet the Trichoderma new species standard. The conidiation of T. macrofasciculatum typically appeared in white pustules in concentric rings on PDA or MEA and its conidia had one or few distinctly verrucose. Conidiophores of T. shangrilaense are short and rarely branched, phialides usually curved and irregularly disposed. The aerial mycelium of T. hailarense and T. vadicola formed strands to floccose mat, conidiation tardy and scattered in tufts, conidiophores repeatedly rebranching in dendriform structure. The phialides of T. nordicum lageniform are curved on PDA and its conidia are globose to obovoidal and large.
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Zheng H, Qiao M, Lv Y, Du X, Zhang KQ, Yu Z. New Species of Trichoderma Isolated as Endophytes and Saprobes from Southwest China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060467. [PMID: 34207925 PMCID: PMC8230185 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the investigation of endophytic fungi diversity in aquatic plants and the fungal diversity in soil in southwest China, we obtained 208 isolates belonging to Trichoderma, including 28 isolates as endophytes from aquatic plants and 180 isolates as saprobes from soil, respectively. Finally, 23 new species of Trichoderma are recognized by further studies. Their phylogenetic positions are determined by sequence analyses of the combined partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and gene encoding of the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (rpb2). The results revealed that the 23 new species are distributed in nine known clades. The morphology and culture characteristics are observed, described and illustrated in detail. Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives were compared and discussed. These include: Trichoderma achlamydosporum, T. amoenum, T. anaharzianum, T. anisohamatum, T. aquatica, T. asiaticum, T. asymmetricum, T. inaequilaterale, T. inconspicuum, T. insigne, T. obovatum, T. paraviride, T. pluripenicillatum, T. propepolypori, T. pseudoasiaticum, T. pseudoasperelloides, T. scorpioideum, T. simile, T. subazureum, T. subuliforme, T. supraverticillatum, T. tibetica, and T. uncinatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; (H.Z.); (M.Q.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (K.-Q.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; (H.Z.); (M.Q.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (K.-Q.Z.)
| | - Yifan Lv
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; (H.Z.); (M.Q.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (K.-Q.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Xing Du
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; (H.Z.); (M.Q.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (K.-Q.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; (H.Z.); (M.Q.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (K.-Q.Z.)
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; (H.Z.); (M.Q.); (Y.L.); (X.D.); (K.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Urbaniak M, Waśkiewicz A, Koczyk G, Błaszczyk L, Stępień Ł. Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among Fusarium and Trichoderma Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E288. [PMID: 33203083 PMCID: PMC7712144 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to Fusarium, Beauveria and Isaria genera. The ability of Trichoderma species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among Fusarium and Trichoderma strains using UPLC methods. BEAS fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene's divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active BEAS copy in Trichoderma. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of Fusarium and Trichoderma strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were F. proliferatum and F. nygamai. Trichoderma strains of three species (T. atroviride, T. viride, T. koningiopsis) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by Fusarium and Trichoderma species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the Hypocreales order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Urbaniak
- Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Koczyk
- Functional Evolution of Biological Systems Team, Department of Biometrics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Lidia Błaszczyk
- Plant Microbiome Structure and Function Team, Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Plant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
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