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Robin S, Legeai F, Jouan V, Ogliastro M, Darboux I. Genome-wide identification of lncRNAs associated with viral infection in Spodoptera frugiperda. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36757871 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of lncRNAs in immune defence has been demonstrated in many multicellular and unicellular organisms. However, investigation of the identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the insect immune response is still limited. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in response to virus infection. To assess the tissue- and virus-specificity of lncRNAs, we analysed and compared their expression profiles in haemocytes and fat body of larvae infected with two entomopathogenic viruses with different lifestyles, i.e. the polydnavirus HdIV (Hyposoter didymator IchnoVirus) and the densovirus JcDV (Junonia coenia densovirus). We identified 1883 candidate lncRNAs, of which 529 showed differential expression following viral infection. Expression profiles differed considerably between samples, indicating that many differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs showed virus- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and target prediction analyses indicated that DE-LncRNAs were mainly enriched in metabolic process, DNA replication and repair, immune response, metabolism of insect hormone and cell adhesion. In addition, we identified three DE-lncRNAs potentially acting as microRNA host genes, suggesting that they participate in gene regulation by producing miRNAs in response to virus infection. This study provides a catalogue of lncRNAs expressed in two important immune tissues and potential insight into their roles in the antiviral defence in S. frugiperda. The results may help future in-depth functional studies to better understand the biological function of lncRNAs in interaction between viruses and the fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Robin
- BIPAA, IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- BIPAA, IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Jouan
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), Montpellier, France
| | - Mylène Ogliastro
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Darboux
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), Montpellier, France
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Li R, Xiao Y, Li K, Tian L. Transcription and Post-translational Regulation of Autophagy in Insects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:825202. [PMID: 35283796 PMCID: PMC8916536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.825202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy attracts great attention, and numerous progresses have been obtained in the last two decades. Autophagy is implicated in mammalian neurodegenerative diseases, tumorigenesis, as well as development in insects. The regulatory mechanism of autophagy is well documented in yeast and mammals, whereas it is not fully illustrated in insects. Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori are the two well-studied insects for autophagy, and several insect-mammalian evolutionarily conserved or insect-specific mechanisms in regulating autophagy are reported. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies of autophagy regulated at both transcriptional and post-translational levels by insect hormone in cooperation with other signals, such as nutrient, which will provide a reference and deep thinking for studies on autophagy in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Sericulture and Southern Medicine Resources Utilization, The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Tian,
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Abstract
Despite tight genetic compression, viral genomes are often organized into functional gene clusters, a modular structure that might favor their evolvability. This has greatly facilitated biotechnological developments such as the recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) systems for gene therapy. Following this lead, we endeavored to engineer the related insect parvovirus Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) to create addressable vectors for insect pest biocontrol. To enable safer manipulation of capsid mutants, we translocated the nonstructural (ns) gene cluster outside the viral genome. To our dismay, this yielded a virtually nonreplicable clone. We linked the replication defect to an unexpected modularity breach, as ns translocation truncated the overlapping 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the capsid transcript (vp). We found that the native vp 3' UTR is necessary for high-level VP production but that decreased expression does not adversely impact the expression of NS proteins, which are known replication effectors. As nonsense vp mutations recapitulate the replication defect, VP proteins appear to be directly implicated in the replication process. Our findings suggest intricate replication-encapsidation couplings that favor the maintenance of genetic integrity. We discuss possible connections with an intriguing cis-packaging phenomenon previously observed in parvoviruses whereby capsids preferentially package the genome from which they were expressed. IMPORTANCE Densoviruses could be used as biological control agents to manage insect pests. Such applications require an in-depth biological understanding and associated molecular tools. However, the genomes of these viruses remain difficult to manipulate due to poorly tractable secondary structures at their extremities. We devised a construction strategy that enables precise and efficient molecular modifications. Using this approach, we endeavored to create a split clone of Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) that can be used to safely study the impact of capsid mutations on host specificity. Our original construct proved to be nonfunctional. Fixing this defect led us to uncover that capsid proteins and their correct expression are essential for continued rolling-hairpin replication. This points to an intriguing link between replication and packaging, which might be shared with related viruses. This serendipitous discovery illustrates the power of synthetic biology approaches to advance our knowledge of biological systems.
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Weng SC, Tsao PN, Shiao SH. Blood glucose promotes dengue virus infection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:376. [PMID: 34311776 PMCID: PMC8314564 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease globally. More than 2.5 billion people live in dengue-endemic areas. Previous studies suggested an interrelationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Conversely, glycolysis is a critical metabolic pathway for optimal dengue virus (DENV) replication. However, little is known concerning the effect of glucose on DENV replication in mosquitoes. In this study, we investigated the impact of glucose on DENV replication in mosquitoes Aedes aegypti. Methods Mosquitoes (Ae. aegypti UGAL/Rockefeller strain) were orally infected with DENV (serotype 2, 16681 strain) through infectious blood feeding. The DENV infection and transmission rates were determined by examining mosquito bodies and saliva, respectively, for DENV positivity at different time points after infection. In addition, a reverse genetic approach was applied by introducing double-stranded RNA against genes of interest into the mosquitoes to inhibit gene expression. Results Our data revealed a significant increase of DENV genome levels in mosquitoes consuming an infectious blood meal supplemented with glucose, suggesting that blood glucose is an important factor for viral replication. Interestingly, a significant increase of DENV E protein levels was detected in the saliva 4 days faster in mosquitoes that consumed infectious blood meals supplemented with glucose than in those consuming infectious blood meals alone. Furthermore, we perform RNAi to silence AKT or TOR and investigate the molecular mechanism regulating the glucose-mediated enhancement of viral replication. Silencing of AKT or TOR significantly reduced DENV titers in mosquitoes. Conclusions This study suggested that blood glucose is beneficial to DENV replication and that it facilitates virus transmission in mosquitoes via AKT and TOR signaling. Therefore, our results strengthen our understanding of dengue fever and DM co-morbidity and possibly reveal new targets for specific antiviral therapies. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Che Weng
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Hong Shiao
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pigeyre L, Schatz M, Ravallec M, Gasmi L, Nègre N, Clouet C, Seveno M, El Koulali K, Decourcelle M, Guerardel Y, Cot D, Dupressoir T, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Ogliastro M. Interaction of a Densovirus with Glycans of the Peritrophic Matrix Mediates Oral Infection of the Lepidopteran Pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090870. [PMID: 31533310 PMCID: PMC6783882 DOI: 10.3390/v11090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of oral infection by viruses depends on their capacity to overcome the gut epithelial barrier of their host to crossing over apical, mucous extracellular matrices. As orally transmitted viruses, densoviruses, are also challenged by the complexity of the insect gut barriers, more specifically by the chitinous peritrophic matrix, that lines and protects the midgut epithelium; how capsids stick to and cross these barriers to reach their final cell destination where replication goes has been poorly studied in insects. Here, we analyzed the early interaction of the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) with the midgut barriers of caterpillars from the pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Using combination of imaging, biochemical, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, we examined in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo the early interaction of the capsids with the peritrophic matrix and the consequence of early oral infection on the overall gut function. We show that the JcDV particle rapidly adheres to the peritrophic matrix through interaction with different glycans including chitin and glycoproteins, and that these interactions are necessary for oral infection. Proteomic analyses of JcDV binding proteins of the peritrophic matrix revealed mucins and non-mucins proteins including enzymes already known to act as receptors for several insect pathogens. In addition, we show that JcDV early infection results in an arrest of N-Acetylglucosamine secretion and a disruption in the integrity of the peritrophic matrix, which may help viral particles to pass through. Finally, JcDV early infection induces changes in midgut genes expression favoring an increased metabolism including an increased translational activity. These dysregulations probably participate to the overall dysfunction of the gut barrier in the early steps of viral pathogenesis. A better understanding of early steps of densovirus infection process is crucial to build biocontrol strategies against major insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Pigeyre
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research Univ, DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Malvina Schatz
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research Univ, DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Ravallec
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Leila Gasmi
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia I Biomedicina (ERI-BIOTECMED, Deaprtment of Genetics Faculty of Biological Sciences Univ Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Nègre
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Cécile Clouet
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Martial Seveno
- BioCampus, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | - Yann Guerardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Didier Cot
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), Univ Montpellier, CBRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Thierry Dupressoir
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), PSL Research Univ, DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Gosselin-Grenet
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Mylène Ogliastro
- Diversité des Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), Univ Montpellier, INRA, 34095 Montpellier, France.
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