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Ibrahim YM, Zhang W, Wang X, Werid GM, Fu L, Yu H, Wang Y. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity evaluation of enterovirus G isolated from diarrheic piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0264323. [PMID: 37830808 PMCID: PMC10715025 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02643-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enterovirus G is a species of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several mammalian diseases. The porcine enterovirus strains isolated here were chimeric viruses with the PLCP gene of porcine torovirus, which grouped together with global EV-G1 strains. The isolated EV-G strain could infect various cell types from different species, suggesting its potential cross-species infection risk. Animal experiment showed the pathogenic ability of the isolated EV-G to piglets. Additionally, the EV-Gs were widely distributed in the swine herds. Our findings suggest that EV-G may have evolved a novel mechanism for broad tropism, which has important implications for disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassein M. Ibrahim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
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Chen QY, Sun ZH, Che YL, Chen RJ, Wu XM, Wu RJ, Wang LB, Zhou LJ. High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Recombination of Porcine Sapelovirus in Pig Farms in Fujian, Southern China. Viruses 2023; 15:1751. [PMID: 37632093 PMCID: PMC10458035 DOI: 10.3390/v15081751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a ubiquitous virus in farmed pigs that is associated with SMEDI syndrome, polioencephalomyelitis, and diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in Fujian Province, Southern China. In this study, the prevalence of PSV and a poetical combinative strain PSV2020 were characterized using real-time PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. As a result, an overall sample prevalence of 30.8% was detected in 260 fecal samples, and a farm prevalence of 76.7% was observed in 30 Fujian pig farms, from 2020 to 2022. Noteably, a high rate of PSV was found in sucking pigs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length genome of PSV2020 was 7550 bp, and the genetic evolution of its ORF region was closest to the G1 subgroup, which was isolated from Asia and America; the similarity of nucleotides and amino acids to other PSVs was 59.5~88.7% and 51.7~97.0%, respectively. However, VP1 genetic evolution analysis showed a distinct phylogenetic topology from the ORF region; PSV2020 VP1 was closer to the DIAPD5469-10 strain isolated from Italy than strains isolated from Asia and America, which comprise the G1 subgroup based on the ORF region. Amino acid discrepancy analysis illustrated that the PSV2020 VP1 gene inserted twelve additional nucleotides, corresponding to four additional amino acids (STAE) at positions 898-902 AAs. Moreover, a potential recombination signal was observed in the 2A coding region, near the 3' end of VP1, owing to recombination analysis. Additionally, 3D genetic evolutionary analysis showed that all reference strains demonstrated, to some degree, regional conservation. These results suggested that PSV was highly prevalent in Fujian pig farms, and PSV2020, a PSV-1 genotype strain, showed gene diversity and recombination in evolutionary progress. This study also laid a scientific foundation for the investigation of PSV epidemiology, molecular genetic characteristics, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yong Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhi-Hua Sun
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yong-Liang Che
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Ru-Jing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Xue-Min Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Ren-Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Long-Bai Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
| | - Lun-Jiang Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fujian Animal Disease Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou 350013, China; (Q.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.C.); (R.-J.C.); (X.-M.W.); (R.-J.W.)
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Virome Analysis for Identification of a Novel Porcine Sapelovirus Isolated in Western China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0180122. [PMID: 35938790 PMCID: PMC9430179 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01801-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the most important problems associated with the production of piglets, which have a wide range of possible pathogens. This study identified a strain of porcine sapelovirus (PSV) by using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies as the pathogen among fecal samples in a pig herd. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PSV isolates shared a unique polyprotein and clustered with Chinese isolates identified before 2013. The PSV strain was then isolated and named GS01. The in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics of this virus were then described. Our pathogenicity investigation showed that GS01 could cause an inflammatory reaction and induce serious diarrhea in neonatal piglets. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation and characterization of PSV in western China. Our results demonstrate that the PSV GS01 strain is destructive to neonatal piglets and might show an expanded role for sapeloviruses. IMPORTANCE Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infection leads to severe polioencephalomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality, resulting in significant economic losses. In previous studies, PSV infections were always subclinical or only involved a series of mild symptoms, including spinal cord damage, inappetence, diarrhea, and breathless. However, in our study, we isolated a novel PSV by virome analysis. We also determined the biological characteristics of this virus in vitro and in vivo. Our study showed that this novel PSV could cause an inflammatory response and induce serious diarrhea in neonatal piglets. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation and characterization of PSV in western China. These findings highlight the importance of prevention for the potential threats of PSV.
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Ibrahim YM, Zhang W, Werid GM, Zhang H, Feng Y, Pan Y, Zhang L, Li C, Lin H, Chen H, Wang Y. Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Detection of Porcine Sapelovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020349. [PMID: 35215935 PMCID: PMC8877214 DOI: 10.3390/v14020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is an important emerging pathogen associated with a wide variety of diseases in swine, including acute diarrhoea, respiratory distress, skin lesions, severe neurological disorders, and reproductive failure. Although PSV is widespread, serological assays for field-based epidemiological studies are not yet available. Here, four PSV strains were recovered from diarrheic piglets, and electron microscopy revealed virus particles with a diameter of ~32 nm. Analysis of the entire genome sequence revealed that the genomes of PSV isolates ranged 7569–7572 nucleotides in length. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated viruses were classified together with strains from China. Additionally, monoclonal antibodies for the recombinant PSV-VP1 protein were developed to specifically detect PSV infection in cells, and we demonstrated that isolated PSVs could only replicate in cells of porcine origin. Using recombinant PSV-VP1 protein as the coating antigen, we developed an indirect ELISA for the first time for the detection of PSV antibodies in serum. A total of 516 swine serum samples were tested, and PSV positive rate was 79.3%. The virus isolates, monoclonal antibodies and indirect ELISA developed would be useful for further understanding the pathophysiology of PSV, developing new diagnostic assays, and investigating the epidemiology of the PSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassein M. Ibrahim
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - He Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Yawen Feng
- Laboratory of Inspection and Testing, Hebei Provincial Station of Veterinary Drug and Feed, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;
| | - Yu Pan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Changwen Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Huan Lin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (Y.M.I.); (W.Z.); (G.M.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (C.L.); (H.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Yang T, Zhang L, Lu Y, Guo M, Zhang Z, Lin A. Characterization of porcine sapelovirus prevalent in western Jiangxi, China. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:273. [PMID: 34391425 PMCID: PMC8364068 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infection can lead severe polioencephalomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality, which result in significant economic losses. Infection with the PSV is believed to be common yet limited information is available on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in China. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence and genome of PSV strains identified in the western Jiangxi province of China. RESULTS A high specificity and sensitivity SYBR Green I-based RT-PCR method for PSV detection was developed. Two hundred and ninety four fecal samples were collected from December 2018 to March 2019 in 4 farms. An overall PSV-positivity rate of 11.22% (33/294) was detected with the real-time RT-PCR method, and a high infection rate and viral load of PSV were found in nursery pigs. In total, complete VP1 gene sequences of 11 PSV strains (PSV-YCs) were obtained. Homology comparisons of the VP1 gene of the 11 PSV-YCs with previously reported PSVs revealed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 63% to 96.8%, and deduced amino acid sequence identities from 61.4% to 99.7%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 gene exhibited 2 main clades corresponding to PSV-1 and PSV-2, and all PSV-YCs prevalent in western Jiangxi belonged to the traditional genotype (PSV-1). In addition, the pairwise distances of VP1 gene sequences between PSV-YCs ranged from 0.009 to 0.198, which indicating that substantial genetic diversity among the PSVs in western Jiangxi. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of PSV in the Jiangxi province pig herds in China, and it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of the viruses in China. The results also provide an important theoretical foundation for diagnosis and early warning of epidemic diseases caused by PSVs prevailing in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minhong Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhibang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi, China
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Li N, Tao J, Li B, Cheng J, Shi Y, Xiaohui S, Liu H. Molecular characterization of a porcine sapelovirus strain isolated in China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2683-2692. [PMID: 34268639 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infections have been associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic infection to clinical signs including diarrhoea, pneumonia, reproductive disorders, and polioencephalomyelitis. Although it has a global distribution, there have been relatively few studies on PSV in domestic animals. We isolated a PSV strain, SHCM2019, from faecal specimens from swine, using PK-15 cells. To investigate its molecular characteristics and pathogenicity, the genomic sequence of strain SHCM2019 was analysed, and clinical manifestations and pathological changes occurring after inoculation of neonatal piglets were observed. The virus isolated using PK-15 cells was identified as PSV using RT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Sequencing results showed that the full-length genome of the SHCM2019 strain was 7,567 nucleotides (nt) in length, including a 27-nucleotide poly(A) tail. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this virus was a PSV isolate belonging to the Chinese strain cluster. Recombination analysis indicated that there might be a recombination breakpoint upstream of the 3D region of the genome. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that the virus isolate could cause diarrhoea and pneumonia in piglets. In breif, a recombinant PSV strain, SHCM2019, was isolated and shown to be pathogenic. Our results may provide a reference for future research on the pathogenic mechanism and evolutionary characteristics of PSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Benqiang Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Xiaohui
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 2901 Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Detection and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Italian Pig Farms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060966. [PMID: 32498384 PMCID: PMC7341194 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sapelovirus (PSV) is known to infect pigs asymptomatically but, sporadically, can cause reproductive failure and severe neurologic, enteric, or respiratory signs. Sapelovirus infections have been reported worldwide in pigs. However, information about PSV circulation in Italy is unavailable and rarely investigated across Europe. In this study, we reported the circulation of PSV in three Italian pig farms and added novel information about evolutionary heterogeneity of PSV strains showing a low genetic correlation with the other strains detected worldwide. The present study gives information about PSV circulation in intensive pig farms and highlights the need for further investigation. Abstract Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) belongs to the genus Sapelovirus of the family Picornaviridae. PSV infects pigs asymptomatically, but it can also cause severe neurologic, enteric, and respiratory symptoms or reproductive failure. Sapelovirus infections have been reported worldwide in pigs. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and the prevalence of PSV in Italian swine farms in animals of different ages to clarify the occurrence of the infection and the genetic characteristics of circulating strains. In the present study, 92 pools of fecal samples, collected from pigs across three farms, were analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR (RT-PCR). Fecal pools from young growers (63/64) were found positive for Sapelovirus in all farms while detection in sows (4/28) was observed in only one farm. Phylogenetic analyses of the 19 partial capsid protein nucleotide sequences (VP1) (6–7 each farm) enable the classification of the virus sequences into three distinct clades and highlighted the high heterogeneity within one farm. The whole genome sequence obtained from one strain showed the highest correlation with the Italian strain detected in 2015. The study adds novel information about the circulation and heterogeneity of PSV strains in Italy and considering the movement of pigs across Europe would also be informative for other countries.
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Boros Á, László Z, Pankovics P, Marosi A, Albert M, Cságola A, Bíró H, Fahsbender E, Delwart E, Reuter G. High prevalence, genetic diversity and a potentially novel genotype of Sapelovirus A ( Picornaviridae) in enteric and respiratory samples in Hungarian swine farms. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:609-621. [PMID: 32255421 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All of the known porcine sapeloviruses (PSVs) currently belong to a single genotype in the genus Sapelovirus (family Picornaviridae). Here, the complete genome of a second, possibly recombinant, genotype of PSV strain SZ1M-F/PSV/HUN2013 (MN807752) from a faecal sample of a paraplegic pig in Hungary was characterized using viral metagenomics and RT-PCR. This sapelovirus strain showed only 64 % nucleotide identity in the VP1 region to its closest PSV-1 relative. Complete VP1 sequence-based epidemiological investigations of PSVs circulating in Hungary showed the presence of diverse strains found in high prevalence in enteric and respiratory samples collected from both asymptomatic and paraplegic pigs from 12 swine farms. Virus isolation attempts using PK-15 cell cultures were successful in 3/8 cases for the classic but not the novel PSV genotype. Sequence comparisons of faeces and isolate strains derived VP1 showed that cultured PSV strains not always represent the dominant PSVs found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Boros
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán László
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Pankovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Marosi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Delwart
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gábor Reuter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Harima H, Kajihara M, Simulundu E, Bwalya E, Qiu Y, Isono M, Okuya K, Gonzalez G, Yamagishi J, Hang’ombe BM, Sawa H, Mweene AS, Takada A. Genetic and Biological Diversity of Porcine Sapeloviruses Prevailing in Zambia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020180. [PMID: 32033383 PMCID: PMC7077239 DOI: 10.3390/v12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) has been detected worldwide in pig populations. Although PSV causes various symptoms such as encephalomyelitis, diarrhea, and pneumonia in pigs, the economic impact of PSV infection remains to be determined. However, information on the distribution and genetic diversity of PSV is quite limited, particularly in Africa. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PSV infection in Zambia and characterized the isolated PSVs genetically and biologically. We screened 147 fecal samples collected in 2018 and found that the prevalences of PSV infection in suckling pigs and fattening pigs were high (36.2% and 94.0%, respectively). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Zambian PSVs were divided into three different lineages (Lineages 1–3) in the clade consisting of Chinese strains. The Zambian PSVs belonging to Lineages 2 and 3 replicated more efficiently than those belonging to Lineage 1 in Vero E6 and BHK cells. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that genetic recombination events had occurred and the recombination breakpoints were located in the L and 2A genes. Our results indicated that at least two biologically distinct PSVs could be circulating in the Zambian pig population and that genetic recombination played a role in the evolution of PSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.H.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.H.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (A.T.); Tel.: +81-11-706-7327 (M.K.); +81-11-706-9502 (A.T.)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Eugene Bwalya
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (H.H.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Mao Isono
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Bernard M. Hang’ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.); (A.S.M.)
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St, Room S413, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aaron S. Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.); (A.S.M.)
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (E.S.); (H.S.); (A.S.M.)
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, N20 W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.I.); (K.O.)
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (A.T.); Tel.: +81-11-706-7327 (M.K.); +81-11-706-9502 (A.T.)
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10
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Abstract
Sapelovirus (SPV), an emerging virus in the family Picornaviridae, is detected in several animal and bird species irrespective of their age. Amid all SPVs, porcine sapeloviruses (PSVs) are more ubiquitously present all over the world in porcine population. These viruses are highly stable in different environmental conditions and spread easily within the susceptible animals mainly through faeco-oral route. Usually, PSVs cause asymptomatic infections but are also clinically associated with encephalomyelitis, respiratory distress, fertility disorders and skin lesions. PSV-associated outbreaks have been reported where death occurs due to polioencephalitis and respiratory paralysis. Till date, PSVs have been detected from several European and Asian countries with moderate-to-high prevalence and clinical course. Viral capsid proteins are immunogenic and mutations in these proteins are responsible for the diverse nature of the viruses. Further, genomic analysis shows the varied evolutionary patterns and the presence of recombination within PSV strains. These viruses also exist as concurrent infections with several enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Classical to modern biotechnological assays are in use to detect PSV involving virus isolation in cell culture, immunohistochemistry, conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques, quantitative real-time amplification assays and isothermal amplification molecular techniques. Till date, there is no vaccine available against PSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh India
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11
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Sunaga F, Masuda T, Ito M, Akagami M, Naoi Y, Sano K, Katayama Y, Omatsu T, Oba M, Sakaguchi S, Furuya T, Yamasato H, Ouchi Y, Shirai J, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Complete genomic analysis and molecular characterization of Japanese porcine sapeloviruses. Virus Genes 2019; 55:198-208. [PMID: 30712153 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) is an enteric virus of pigs that can cause various disorders. However, there are few reports that describe the molecular characteristics of the PSV genome. In this study, almost the entire genomes of 23 PSVs detected in Japanese pigs were analyzed using bioinformatics. Analysis of the cis-active RNA elements showed that the predicted secondary structures of the internal ribosome entry site in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a cis-replication element in the 2C coding region were conserved among PSVs. In contrast, those at the 3' UTR were different for different PSVs; however, tertiary structures between domains were conserved across all PSVs. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the complete VP1 region showed that PSVs exhibited sequence diversity; however, they could not be grouped into genotypes due to the low bootstrap support of clusters. The insertion and/or deletion patterns in the C-terminal VP1 region were not related to the topology of the VP1 tree. The 3CD phylogenetic tree was topologically different from the VP1 tree, and PSVs from the same country were clustered independently. Recombination analysis revealed that recombination events were found upstream of the P2 region and some recombination breakpoints involved insertions and/or deletions in the C-terminal VP1 region. These findings demonstrate that PSVs show genetic diversity and frequent recombination events, particularly in the region upstream of the P2 region; however, PSVs could currently not be classified into genotypes and conserved genetic structural features of the cis-active RNA elements are observed across all PSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Sunaga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori, 683-0017, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-3101, Japan
| | - Masataka Akagami
- Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0002, Japan
| | - Yuki Naoi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasato
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori, 683-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Ouchi
- Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0002, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan. .,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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12
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Kumari S, Singh R, Saikumar G. Epidemiological study of porcine sapelovirus infection in pigs at Bareilly area of Uttar Pradesh, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1557838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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13
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Masuda T, Sunaga F, Naoi Y, Ito M, Takagi H, Katayama Y, Omatsu T, Oba M, Sakaguchi S, Furuya T, Yamasato H, Shirai J, Makino S, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Whole genome analysis of a novel picornavirus related to the Enterovirus/Sapelovirus supergroup from porcine feces in Japan. Virus Res 2018; 257:68-73. [PMID: 30227146 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel virus related to the Enterovirus/Sapelovirus supergroup in the family Picornaviridae was identified in healthy porcine feces in Japan by using a metagenomics approach. The genome of the virus, named Sapelo-like porcine picornavirus Japan (SPPVJ) Pig/Isi-Im1/JPN/2016, had a type-IV internal ribosomal entry site and carried a 6978-nucleotide-long single open reading frame encoding a 2326 amino acids (aa) polyprotein precursor. The coding sequence region consisted of leader protein (68 aa), a structural protein region P1 (824 aa), and the non-structural protein regions P2 (672 aa) and P3 (762 aa). Among representative picornaviruses, the P1, 2C, and 3CD regions of SPPVJ had the highest aa identities of 64.4%, 61.9%, and 73.3%, respectively, with the corresponding regions of sapelo-like bat picornavirus BtVs-PicoV/SC2013. Sequencing analysis of the RT-PCR products derived from the 5' untranslated and 3D regions revealed the presence of SPPVJ in 17.8% (19/107) of the feces from healthy and diarrheal pigs in 12 farms in 2015-2016. Further studies are needed to determine the origin and pathogenic potential of SPPJV in pigs and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneyuki Masuda
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori, 683-0017, Japan
| | - Fujiko Sunaga
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuki Naoi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-3101, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Department of Bioproduction Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasato
- Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori, 683-0017, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555-1019, USA
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan; Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Bioproduction Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
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