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Liu W, Li C, Li B, Shang Q, Han Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Fan H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang H. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 improved gut microbial metabolites and alleviated inflammatory response in pesticide exposure cohorts. iScience 2022; 25:104472. [PMID: 35733791 PMCID: PMC9207661 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pesticide residue accumulations increase the probability of chronic metabolic diseases in humans. Thus, we applied multi-omics techniques to reveal how the gut microbiome responded to pesticide exposure. Then, we explored how probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 (P9) consumption impacted the gut microbiota and immune factors after high pesticide exposure. Multi-omics results indicated frequent exposure to pesticides did not alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, but it did increase the abundance of Lipopolysaccharide in the gut, which might contribute to chronic inflammation. Supplementation with P9 maintained the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and reduced the abundance of pathogens in the high pesticide-exposed subjects. By detecting metabolites, we observed uridine and 5-oxoproline concentrations increased significantly after P9 consumption. Furthermore, P9 alleviated immune factors disorder and promoted pesticide residue excretion. Our findings provide new insights into the application of probiotics for pesticide detoxification, and suggest probiotics as daily supplements for pesticide exposure prevention. High-frequency pesticide exposure induced inflammatory responses to occur P9 maintained gut microbiota homeostasis in subjects with high pesticide exposure P9 significantly increased the level of beneficial metabolites in the subjects P9 reduced inflammatory response and promoted excretion of pesticide residues
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Gastrointestinal Pathobionts in Pediatric Crohn's Disease Patients. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:9203908. [PMID: 30123276 PMCID: PMC6079491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, with a rising incidence worldwide, particularly in children. CD is thought to arise due to an immune response to environmental factors. The role of bacteria in CD has recently been highlighted, and here, we examine the prevalence of two bacterial species, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and Fusobacterium nucleatum, implicated in gastrointestinal pathologies, in a pediatric CD cohort. Stool samples from 30 children with treatment-naïve CD and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were collected, and DNA was extracted. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the levels of ETBF and F. nucleatum in stool samples. Bacterial positivity and relative abundance were assessed between cases and controls and in relation to disease severity. No associations were found between colonization with ETBF and CD, or between colonization with either ETBF or F. nucleatum and disease severity or presence of C. concisus. However, a strong association was observed between positivity for F. nucleatum in the stool samples and the occurrence of CD in patients (25/30) as compared to controls (8/30) (P=0.003). F. nucleatum is more prevalent in the stool samples of pediatric CD patients, compared to healthy controls, and may have potential use as a biomarker of pediatric CD.
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Kaakoush NO, Thomas DS, Ruzayqat MM, Lynch D, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Day AS, Mitchell HM. Campylobacter concisus utilizes blood but not short chain fatty acids despite showing associations with Firmicutes taxa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1388-1397. [PMID: 27339421 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a member of the oral microbiota that has been associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the role of the bacterium in disease aetiology remains poorly understood. Here, we examine optimal conditions for the growth of C. concisus, and the pathogenic potential of this bacterium in human gastrointestinal cells from the upper tract. Further, the presence of C. concisus in the lower tract of Crohn's disease (CD) patients undergoing therapy is observed, and the associations of C. concisus with the abundance of other microbial taxa and compounds they produce are evaluated. C. concisus strains had the ability to tolerate moderate levels of acidity, adhere to and invade esophageal and gastric cells; however, these properties did not correlate with their pathogenic potential in intestinal cells. The presence of the bacterium in the lower gut of CD patients was associated with an increased relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis. Short chain fatty acids that can be produced by these microbial species did not appear to be responsible for this association. However, we identified genetic similarity between C. concisus and Firmicutes, specifically within aspartate and glutamate racemases. The potential pathogenesis of C. concisus in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and the responsiveness of the bacterium to therapy in a subset of CD patients warrant further investigation into whether this bacterium has a causal role in disease or its presence is incidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Donald S Thomas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mahmoud M Ruzayqat
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Lynch
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew S Day
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Underwood AP, Kaakoush NO, Sodhi N, Merif J, Seah Lee W, Riordan SM, Rawlinson WD, Mitchell HM. Campylobacter concisus pathotypes are present at significant levels in patients with gastroenteritis. J Med Microbiol 2015; 65:219-226. [PMID: 26698172 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, recent findings showing comparable levels of Campylobacter concisus in patients with gastroenteritis would suggest that this bacterium is clinically important. The prevalence and abundance of Campylobacter concisus in stool samples collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The associated virulence determinants exotoxin 9 and zonula occludens toxin DNA were detected for Campylobacter concisus-infected samples using real-time PCR. Campylobacter concisus was detected at high prevalence in patients with gastroenteritis (49.7 %), higher than that observed for Campylobacter jejuni (∼5 %). The levels of Campylobacter concisus were putatively classified into clinically relevant and potentially transient subgroups based on a threshold developed using Campylobacter jejuni levels, as the highly sensitive real-time PCR probably detected transient passage of the bacterium from the oral cavity. A total of 18 % of patients were found to have clinically relevant levels of Campylobacter concisus, a significant number of which also had high levels of one of the virulence determinants. Of these patients, 78 % were found to have no other gastrointestinal pathogen identified in the stool, which strongly suggests a role for Campylobacter concisus in the aetiology of gastroenteritis in these patients. These results emphasize the need for diagnostic laboratories to employ identification protocols for emerging Campylobacter species. Clinical follow-up in patients presenting with high levels of Campylobacter concisus in the intestinal tract is needed, given that it has been associated with more chronic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Underwood
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Nidhi Sodhi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan Merif
- Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia.,Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, SEALS, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
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Kaakoush NO, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mitchell HM, Man SM. Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:687-720. [PMID: 26062576 PMCID: PMC4462680 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Kaakoush NO, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Man SM, Mitchell HM. Is Campylobacter to esophageal adenocarcinoma as Helicobacter is to gastric adenocarcinoma? Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:455-62. [PMID: 25937501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma develops through a cascade of cellular changes that shares similarities to the etiology of Helicobacter pylori-associated intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. While host genetics and immune response have been implicated in the progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma, studies investigating esophageal microbial communities suggest that bacteria may also play an important role in driving the inflammation that leads to disease. Of these, emerging Campylobacter species have been found to be more prevalent and abundant in patients progressing through the esophageal adenocarcinoma cascade compared to controls. Given that these bacteria possess several virulence mechanisms such as toxin production, cellular invasion, and intracellular survival, emerging Campylobacter species should be investigated as etiological agents of the chronic esophageal inflammation that leads to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia.
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia; Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
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