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Basharat Z, Alghamdi YS, Mashraqi MM, Makkawi M, Alasmari S, Alshamrani S. Subtractive sequence-mediated therapeutic targets from the conserved gene clusters of Campylobacter hyointestinalis and computational inhibition assessment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2782-2792. [PMID: 37144725 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2208229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a causative agent of enteritis, proctitis, human gastroenteritis, and diarrhea. Reported transmission is from pigs to humans. Link with gastrointestinal carcinoma has also been established in non-Helicobacter pylori patients carrying this strain. The genome size of the strain LMG9260 is 1.8 MB with 1785 chromosomal and seven plasmid proteins. No therapeutic targets have been identified and reported in this bacterium. Therefore, subtractive computational screening of its genome was carried out for the purpose. In total, 31 such targets were mined and riboflavin synthase was utilized for screening natural product inhibitors against it. Among more than 30,000 screened natural compounds from the NPASS library, three (NPC472060, NPC33653, and NPC313886) were prioritized to have the potential to be developed into new antimicrobial drugs. Dynamics simulation assay along with other relevant parameters like absorption, toxicity, and distribution of the inhibiting compounds were also predicted and NPC33653 was identified as having the best drug-like properties among the prioritized compounds. Thus, it has potential to be pursued further for the inhibition of riboflavin synthesis in C. hyointestinalis for subsequent obstruction of its growth and survival.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Makkawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Meadows SNA, Hung CC, Chen JW, Soukup S, Sander SJ. CAMPYLOBACTER HYOINTESTINALIS ISOLATION FROM HOWLER ( ALOUATTA CARAYA) AND SPIDER MONKEYS ( ATELES FUSCICEPS ROBUSTUS) AT A ZOOLOGIC FACILITY IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 54:810-816. [PMID: 38252006 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis was initially isolated from an asymptomatic black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) in a routine fecal culture examination. Fecal cultures from other individuals in this group and an adjacently housed black-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps robustus) group recovered C. hyointestinalis from all but one of the individuals sampled (1.1 spider monkeys and 2.1 howler monkeys). Concurrently, one spider monkey presented with acute onset severe rectal prolapse and diarrhea. Whole-genome sequencing results of C. hyointestinalis isolates from all individuals were homologous and closely related to Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis TTU_618, a strain typically associated with environmental samples. In addition, two cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) expressing gene clusters, cdt-I and cdt-II, were identified in all isolates. These results suggest C. hyointestinalis is transmissible to both howler monkeys and spider monkeys, though the origin of infection and whether it is transmissible between these species is undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan N A Meadows
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Jenn-Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Samantha Soukup
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Samantha J Sander
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA,
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Hassan J, Awasthi SP, Hatanaka N, Hoang PH, Nagita A, Hinenoya A, Faruque SM, Yamasaki S. Presence of Functionally Active Cytolethal Distending Toxin Genes on a Conjugative Plasmid in a Clinical Isolate of Providencia rustigianii. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0012122. [PMID: 37158737 PMCID: PMC10269090 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00121-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Providencia rustigianii is potentially enteropathogenic in humans. Recently, we identified a P. rustigianii strain carrying a part of the cdtB gene homologous to that of Providencia alcalifacines that produces an exotoxin called cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), encoded by three subunit genes (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC). In this study, we analyzed the P. rustigianii strain for possible presence of the entire cdt gene cluster and its organization, location, and mobility, as well as expression of the toxin as a putative virulence factor of P. rustigianii. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of the three cdt subunit genes in tandem, and over 94% homology to the corresponding genes carried by P. alcalifaciens both at nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. The P. rustigianii strain produced biologically active CDT, which caused distension of eukaryotic cell lines with characteristic tropism of CHO and Caco-2 cells but not of Vero cells. S1-nuclease digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that the cdt genes in both P. rustigianii and P. alcalifaciens strains are located on large plasmids (140 to 170 kb). Subsequently, conjugation assays using a genetically marked derivative of the P. rustigianii strain showed that the plasmid carrying cdt genes in the P. rustigianii was transferable to cdt gene-negative recipient strains of P. rustigianii, Providencia rettgeri, and Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrated the presence of cdt genes in P. rustigianii for the first time, and further showed that the genes are located on a transferable plasmid, which can potentially spread to other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayedul Hassan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sharda Prasad Awasthi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Phuong Hoai Hoang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nagita
- Department of Pediatrics, Mizushima Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shah M. Faruque
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University Bangladesh (IUB), Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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A One Health approach to prevention, treatment, and control of campylobacteriosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:453-460. [PMID: 31305492 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent findings regarding the control and treatment of campylobacteriosis. RECENT FINDINGS The application of improved diagnostics has led to an upward shift in the attributable burden of Campylobacter infections, in both the United States and Europe as well as in resource-poor settings. Increased focus has brought a fundamental feature of campylobacteriosis -- the ability to cause relapsing disease back into focus, and expanding data on antimicrobial resistance has lead from a switch in first-line therapy for severe diarrhea from quinolones to azithromycin in most contexts, even as evidence of expanding macrolide resistance emerges. SUMMARY Campylobacter spp. infection is a common infection worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. has become an emerging threat with the increase in industrial poultry production, as well as the broad use of antibiotics in both animals and humans.
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Abstract
Campylobacter is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported Campylobacter infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, C. coli; however, the increasing recognition of other emerging Campylobacter pathogens is urgently demanding a better understanding of how these underestimated species cause disease, transmit, and evolve. In parallel to the enhanced clinical awareness of campylobacteriosis due to improved diagnostic protocols, the application of high-throughput sequencing has increased the number of whole-genome sequences available to dozens of strains of many emerging campylobacters. This has allowed for comprehensive comparative pathogenomic analyses for several species, such as C. fetus and C. concisus These studies have started to reveal the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes and have brought to light many genomic features related to pathogenicity in these neglected species, promoting the development of new tools and approaches relevant for clinical microbiology. Despite the need for additional characterization of genomic diversity in emerging campylobacters, the increasing body of literature describing pathogenomic studies on these species deserves to be discussed from an integrative perspective. This review compiles the current knowledge and highlights future work toward deepening our understanding about genome dynamics and the mechanisms governing the evolution of pathogenicity in emerging Campylobacter species, which is urgently needed to develop strategies to prevent or control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Development of a specific cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene (Eacdt)-based PCR assay for the detection of Escherichia albertii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:119-124. [PMID: 31272742 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many Escherichia albertii isolates, an emerging pathogen of human and birds, might have been misidentified due to the difficulty of differentiating this bacterium from Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. by routine biochemical tests, resulting in underestimation of E. albertii infections. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that targets E. albertii cytolethal distending toxin (Eacdt) genes, which include the genes previously identified as Escherichia coli cdt-II. This assay could generate a single 449-bp PCR product in each of 67 confirmed E. albertii strains but failed to produce PCR product from any of the tested non-E. albertii enteric strains belonging to 37 different species, indicating 100% sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay. The detection limit was 10 CFU per PCR tube and could detect 105 CFU E. albertii per gram of spiked healthy human stool. The Eacdt gene-based PCR could be useful for simple, rapid, and accurate detection and identification of E. albertii.
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Updating the genomic taxonomy and epidemiology of Campylobacter hyointestinalis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2393. [PMID: 29403020 PMCID: PMC5799301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a member of an emerging group of zoonotic Campylobacter spp. that are increasingly identified in both gastric and non-gastric disease in humans. Here, we discovered C. hyointestinalis in three separate classes of New Zealand ruminant livestock; cattle, sheep and deer. To investigate the relevance of these findings we performed a systematic literature review on global C. hyointestinalis epidemiology and used comparative genomics to better understand and classify members of the species. We found that C. hyointestinalis subspecies hyointestinalis has an open pangenome, with accessory gene contents involved in many essential processes such as metabolism, virulence and defence. We observed that horizontal gene transfer is likely to have played an overwhelming role in species diversification, favouring a public-goods-like mechanism of gene ‘acquisition and resampling’ over a tree-of-life-like vertical inheritance model of evolution. As a result, simplistic gene-based inferences of taxonomy by similarity are likely to be misleading. Such genomic plasticity will also mean that local evolutionary histories likely influence key species characteristics, such as host-association and virulence. This may help explain geographical differences in reported C. hyointestinalis epidemiology and limits what characteristics may be generalised, requiring further genomic studies of C. hyointestinalis in areas where it causes disease.
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Somroop S, Hatanaka N, Awasthi SP, Okuno K, Asakura M, Hinenoya A, Yamasaki S. Campylobacter upsaliensis isolated from dogs produces high titer of cytolethal distending toxin. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:683-691. [PMID: 28202878 PMCID: PMC5383197 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) consisting of CdtA, CdtB and CdtC has been reported to be a possible virulence factor of campylobacters including
Campylobacter upsaliensis. In our previous study, the cdtB gene-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
assay for detection and differentiation of 7 Campylobacter species yielded 3 different RFLP patterns (Cu-I to Cu-III). In this study, entire
cdt (Cucdt) genes of each pattern were sequenced to see whether there are any differences in cdt genes, its
amino acid sequences and biological activity of CuCDT. We found that all 3 representative strains harbor the entire Cucdt genes and homology
between prototype and newly determined Cucdt genes was 94 to 98% with cdtA, 93 to 94% with cdtB and 92 to 93%
with cdtC, while that between amino acids of CuCDT was 95 to 99% with CdtA, 97 to 98% with CdtB and 92 to 93% with CdtC. Furthermore, CDT
activity produced by C. upsaliensis strains was examined by cytotoxicity assay with HeLa cells. Interestingly, C. upsaliensis
produced 64 to 2,340 times higher CDT titer in comparison to other campylobacters did. In addition, Cu-III showed 64 times higher CDT titer than Cu-II, although
CDT production level was almost the same by western blotting. These data suggest that CDT produced by C. upsaliensis might contribute more to
human diseases in comparison to that produced by other campylobacters and Cu-III CDT seems to be more toxic to HeLa cells in comparison to Cu-I and Cu-II
CDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinuan Somroop
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Hatanaka N, Kamei K, Somroop S, Awasthi SP, Asakura M, Misawa N, Hinenoya A, Yamasaki S. A PCR-RFLP assay to detect and type cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes in Campylobacter hyointestinalis. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:336-342. [PMID: 27916784 PMCID: PMC5326939 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis is considered as an emerging zoonotic pathogen. We have
recently identified two types of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene in C.
hyointestinalis and designated them as Chcdt-I and Chcdt-II. In this study, we developed a
PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that can differentiate
Chcdt-I from Chcdt-II. When the PCR-RFLP assay was
applied to 17 other Campylobacter strains and 25
non-Campylobacter strains, PCR products were not obtained irrespective
of their cdt gene-possession, indicating that the specificity of the
PCR-RFLP assay was 100%. In contrast, when the PCR-RFLP assay was applied to 35 C.
hyointestinalis strains including 23 analyzed in the previous study and 12
newly isolated from pigs and bovines, all of them showed the presence of
cdt genes. Furthermore, a restriction digest by EcoT14-I revealed that
29 strains contained both Chcdt-I and Chcdt-II and 6
strains contained only Chcdt-II, showing 100% sensitivity. Unexpectedly,
however, PCR products obtained from 7 C. hyointestinalis strains were not
completely digested by EcoT14-I. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the undigested
PCR product was homologous to cdtB but not to Chcdt-IB
or Chcdt-IIB, indicating the presence of another cdt
gene-variant. Then, we further digested the PCR products with DdeI in addition to
EcoT14-I, showing that all three cdt genes, including a possible new
Chcdt variant, could be clearly differentiated. Thus, the PCR-RFLP
assay developed in this study is a valuable tool for evaluating the Chcdt
gene-profile of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinkuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Campylobacter hyointestinalis Isolated from Pigs Produces Multiple Variants of Biologically Active Cytolethal Distending Toxin. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4304-13. [PMID: 26283337 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00997-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter hyointestinalis isolated from swine with proliferative enteritis often is considered to be pathogenic. While the precise virulence mechanisms of this species remain unclear, we have recently identified a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene cluster in C. hyointestinalis isolated from a patient with diarrhea (W. Samosornsuk et al., J Med Microbiol, 27 July 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000145). However, the sequences of the cdt genes in C. hyointestinalis were found to be significantly different and the gene products are immunologically distinct from those of other Campylobacter species. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of a second variant of the cdt gene cluster in C. hyointestinalis, designated cdt-II, while the former is named cdt-I. Sequencing of the cdt-II gene cluster and deduced amino acid sequences revealed that homologies between the subunits CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC of ChCDT-I and ChCDT-II are 25.0, 56.0, and 24.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the CdtB subunit of ChCDT-II was found to be immunologically unrelated to that of ChCDT-I by Ouchterlony double gel diffusion test. Recombinant ChCDT-II also induced cell distention and death of HeLa cells by blocking the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Interestingly, the cdt-II genes were detected in all 23 animal isolates and in 1 human isolate of C. hyointestinalis, and 21 of these strains carried both cdt-I and cdt-II gene clusters. Altogether, our results indicate that ChCDT-II is an important virulence factor of C. hyointestinalis in animals.
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