1
|
Ozavci V, Dolgun HTY, Kirkan S. Presence of zoonotic black-pigmented periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:62-68. [PMID: 38332760 PMCID: PMC10847818 DOI: 10.17221/59/2022-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk to humans. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae and Prevotella nigrescens in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats. Dental swab samples were taken from 25 pet cats and 25 stray cats with symptoms of periodontal disease and then investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA species-specific primers. As a result of the multiplex PCR analysis, P. gingivalis 3/25 (12%), P. nigrescens 1/25 (4%), P. gingivalis + P. gulae 7/25 (28%), P. gingivalis + P. nigrescens 1/25 (4%), P. gulae + P. nigrescens 1/25 (4%), and P. gingivalis + P. gulae + P. nigrescens 2/25 (8%) were molecularly typed in the pet cats. In addition, 1/25 (4%) of P. gulae and 21/25 (84%) of P. gingivalis + P. gulae were typed in the stray cats. In 10/25 (40%) pet and 3/25 (12%) stray cat samples, no bacteria were detected by molecular typing. In summary, the results provide strong evidence that black-pigmented zoonotic pathogens are associated with cat periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Ozavci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hafize Tugba Yuksel Dolgun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Türkiye
| | - Sukru Kirkan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Webb KA, Olagoke O, Baird T, Neill J, Pham A, Wells TJ, Ramsay KA, Bell SC, Sarovich DS, Price EP. Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Prevotella species isolated from chronic lung disease airways. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35113778 PMCID: PMC8942031 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by increasingly frequent acute pulmonary exacerbations that reduce life quality and length. Human airways are home to a rich polymicrobial environment, which includes members of the obligately anaerobic genus Prevotella. Despite their commonness, surprisingly little is known about the prevalence, role, genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) potential of Prevotella species and strains in healthy and diseased airways. Here, we used comparative genomics to develop a real-time PCR assay to permit rapid Prevotella species identification and quantification from cultures and clinical specimens. Assay specificity was validated across a panel of Prevotella and non-Prevotella species, followed by PCR screening of CF and COPD respiratory-derived cultures. Next, 35 PCR-positive isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Of eight identified Prevotella species, P. histicola, P. melaninogenica, P. nanceiensis, P. salivae and P. denticola overlapped between participant cohorts. Phylogenomic analysis revealed considerable interhost but limited intrahost diversity, suggesting patient-specific lineages in the lower airways, probably from oral cavity aspirations. Correlation of phenotypic AMR profiles with AMR genes identified excellent correlation between tetQ presence and decreased doxycycline susceptibility, and ermF presence and decreased azithromycin susceptibility and clindamycin resistance. AMR rates were higher in the CF isolates, reflecting greater antibiotic use in this cohort. All tested Prevotella isolates were tobramycin-resistant, providing a potential selection method to improve Prevotella culture retrieval rates. Our addition of 35 airway-derived Prevotella genomes to public databases will enhance ongoing efforts to unravel the role of this diverse and enigmatic genus in both diseased and healthy lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey A Webb
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olusola Olagoke
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Baird
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane Neill
- Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Pham
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy J Wells
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kay A Ramsay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Present address: Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott C Bell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek S Sarovich
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erin P Price
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Könönen E, Gursoy UK. Oral Prevotella Species and Their Connection to Events of Clinical Relevance in Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:798763. [PMID: 35069501 PMCID: PMC8770924 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella is recognized as one of the core anaerobic genera in the oral microbiome. In addition, members of this genus belong to microbial communities of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Several novel Prevotella species, most of them of oral origin, have been described, but limited knowledge is still available of their clinical relevance. Prevotella melaninogenica is among the anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae from early months of life onward, and other early colonizing Prevotella species in the oral cavity include Prevotella nigrescens and Prevotella pallens. Oral Prevotella species get constant access to the gastrointestinal tract via saliva swallowing and to lower airways via microaspiration. At these extra-oral sites, they play a role as commensals but also as potentially harmful agents on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this narrative review is to give an updated overview on the involvement of oral Prevotella species in gastrointestinal and respiratory health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K Gursoy
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bertelsen A, Elborn JS, Schock BC. Microbial interaction: Prevotella spp. reduce P. aeruginosa induced inflammation in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:682-691. [PMID: 34112603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways, the dehydrated, thick mucus promotes the establishment of persistent polymicrobial infections and drives chronic airways inflammation. This also predisposes the airways to further infections, the vicious, self-perpetuating cycle causing lung damage and progressive lung function decline. The airways are a poly-microbial environment, containing both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections contribute to the excessive inflammatory response in CF, but the role of anaerobic Prevotella spp., frequently found in CF airways, is not known. MATERIALS We assessed innate immune signalling in CF airway epithelial cells in response to clinical strains of P. histicola, P. nigresens and P. aeruginosa. CFBE41o- cells were infected with P. aeruginosa (MOI 100, 2h) followed by infection with P. histicola or P. nigrescens (MOI 100, 2h). Cells were incubated under anaerobic conditions for the duration of the experiments. RESULTS Our study shows that P. histicola and P. nigresens can reduce the growth of P. aeruginosa and dampen the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells. We specifically illustrate that the presence of the investigated Prevotella spp. reduces Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4, MAPK, NF-κB(p65) signalling and cytokine release (Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8) in mixed infections. CONCLUSION Our work, for the first time, strongly indicates a relationship between P. aeruginosa and anaerobic Prevotella spp.. The observed modified NF-κB and MAPK signalling indicates some mechanisms underlying this interaction that could offer a novel therapeutic approach to combat chronic P. aeruginosa infection in people with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bertelsen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Stuart Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK; Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bettina C Schock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bertelsen A, Elborn SJ, Schock BC. Toll like Receptor signalling by Prevotella histicola activates alternative NF-κB signalling in Cystic Fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells compared to P. aeruginosa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235803. [PMID: 33031374 PMCID: PMC7544055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations affecting the CFTR gene, is characterised by viscid secretions in multiple organ systems. CF airways contain thick mucus, creating a gradient of hypoxia, which promotes the establishment of polymicrobial infection. Such inflammation predisposes to further infection, a self-perpetuating cycle in mediated by NF-κB. Anaerobic Gram-negative Prevotella spp. are found in sputum from healthy volunteers and CF patients and in CF lungs correlate with reduced levels of inflammation. Prevotella histicola (P. histicola) can suppress murine lung inflammation, however, no studies have examined the role of P. histicola in modulating infection and inflammation in the CF airways. We investigated innate immune signalling and NF-kB activation in CF epithelial cells CFBE41o- in response to clinical stains of P. histicola and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) expressing HEK-293 cells and siRNA assays for TLRs and IKKα were used to confirm signalling pathways. We show that P. histicola infection activated the alternative NF-kB signalling pathway in CF bronchial epithelial cells inducing HIF-1α protein. TLR5 signalling was responsible for the induction of the alternative NF-kB pathway through phosphorylation of IKKα. The induction of transcription factor HIF-1α was inversely associated with the induction of the alternative NF-kB pathway and knockdown of IKKα partially restored canonical NF-kB activation in response to P. histicola. This study demonstrates that different bacterial species in the respiratory microbiome can contribute differently to inflammation, either by activating inflammatory cascades (P. aeruginosa) or by muting the inflammatory response by modulating similar or related pathways (P. histicola). Further work is required to assess the complex interactions of the lung microbiome in response to mixed bacterial infections and their effects in people with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bertelsen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina C. Schock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su H, Liu J, Wu G, Long Z, Fan J, Xu Z, Liu J, Yu Z, Cao M, Liao N, Peng J, Yu W, Li W, Wu H, Wang X. Homeostasis of gut microbiota protects against polychlorinated biphenyl 126-induced metabolic dysfunction in liver of mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137597. [PMID: 32143051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure is closely associated with the prevalence of metabolic diseases, including fatty liver and dyslipidemia. Emerging literature suggests that disturbance of gut microbiota is related to PCB126-induced metabolic disorders. However, the causal role of dysbiosis in PCB126-induced fatty liver is still unknown. To clarify the role of the gut microbiome in the detoxification of PCB126 in intestine or PCB126-induced toxicity in liver, mice were administrated with drinking water containing antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazole) or Inulin. We showed that PCB126 resulted in significant hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. PCB126, Antibiotics, and Inulin significantly affected the structure and shifted community membership of gut microbiome. 7 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways at level 2 and 39 KEGG pathways at level 3 were significantly affected. Antibiotics alleviated PCB126-induced fibrosis in the liver but increased inflammation. Inulin treatment ameliorated both inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of PCB126-treated mice. Neither Antibiotics nor Inulin had significant effect on PCB126-induced hepatic steatosis. The more specific intervention of gut microbiota is needed to alleviate PCB126-induced fatty liver. These data demonstrate that homeostasis of gut microbiota is critical for the defense against PCB126 toxicity and dysbiosis plays a fundamental role in the development of inflammation and fibrosis in liver of PCB126-treated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guangyuan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junshu Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhongrui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhongtian Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Nai Liao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Acosta N, Waddell B, Heirali A, Somayaji R, Surette MG, Workentine ML, Rabin HR, Parkins MD. Cystic Fibrosis Patients Infected With Epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Have Unique Microbial Communities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:173. [PMID: 32426295 PMCID: PMC7212370 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the archetypal cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen. However, the clinical course experienced by infected individuals varies markedly. Understanding these differences is imperative if further improvements in outcomes are to be achieved. Multiple studies have found that patients infected with epidemic P. aeruginosa (ePA) strains may have a worse clinical prognosis than those infected with unique, non-clonal strains. Additionally, the traditionally uncultured CF lung bacterial community (i.e., CF microbiome) may further influence the outcome. We sought to identify if these two important variables, not identified through routine culture, associate and together may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Patients were classified as being infected with Prairie Epidemic ePA (PES) or a non-clonal strain, unique PA strains (uPA), through a retrospective assessment of a comprehensive strain biobank using a combination of PFGE and PES-specific PCR. Patients were matched to age, sex, time-period controls and sputum samples from equivalent time periods were identified from a sputum biobank. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling and Pseudomonas qPCR was used to characterize the respiratory microbiome. We identified 31 patients infected with PES and matched them with uPA controls. Patients infected with PES at baseline have lower microbial diversity (P = 0.02) and higher P. aeruginosa relative abundance (P < 0.005). Microbial community structure was found to cluster by PA strain type, although it was not the main determinant of community structure as additional factors were also found to be drivers of CF community structure. Communities from PES infected individuals were enriched with Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Prevotella OTUs. The disproportionate disease experienced by ePA infected CF patients may be mediated through a combination of pathogen-pathogen factors as opposed to strictly enhanced virulence of infecting P. aeruginosa strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Acosta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Barbara Waddell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alya Heirali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ranjani Somayaji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Harvey R Rabin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael D Parkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bertelsen A, Elborn JS, Schock BC. Infection with Prevotella nigrescens induces TLR2 signalling and low levels of p65 mediated inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19:211-218. [PMID: 31607634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella spp. are frequently identified in Cystic Fibrosis sputum. This study examined whether infection with Prevotella nigrescens, a frequently identified member of this species, contributes to inflammation in CF bronchial epithelial cells through activation of TLR- and NF-κB signalling pathways. CFBE41o- cells were infected with either P.nigrescens or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 4h. P.nigrescens activated TLR2 signalling but not TLR4 signalling while P.aeruginosa activated TLR4 signalling with a lesser effect on TLR2. P.aeruginosa induced significant IκBα phosphorylation 10min post infection with a return to control levels by 30min post infection. A significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding was observed at 2h post infection. In contrast, infection with P.nigrescens induced phosphorylation of IκBα 120min post infection, with significant induction in nuclear p65 DNA binding at 4h post infection only. Cytokine gene and protein responses were lower for P.nigrescens compared to P.aeruginosa. This study demonstrates the ability of a clinical P.nigrescens isolate to provoke a delayed NF-κB(p65) driven response through induction in TLR2 signalling and activation of sustained levels of IKKα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bertelsen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J S Elborn
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - B C Schock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Özavci V, Erbas G, Parin U, Yüksel HT, Kirkan Ş. Molecular detection of feline and canine periodontal pathogens. Vet Anim Sci 2019; 8:100069. [PMID: 32734086 PMCID: PMC7386636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2019.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is concluded that the feline oral flora is highly diverse than canine oral flora. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gulae were the dominant species in cats and dogs. T. forsythia, C. ochracea, and C. sputigena in cats and T. forsythia, C. ochracea, C. sputigena T. denticola and, E. corrodens, in dogs showed that the prevalence was lower than 10%. E. corrodens in cats and, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and C. rectus in dogs were also isolated from the swab samples with less than 30% percentage. A balanced diet for cats and dogs should be provided to reduce the formation of residues in the oral flora. Daily rinsing with antiseptic solutions may also be helpful against the development of periodontal pathogens.
Periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease of cats and dogs which are strongly associated with periodontal pathogens. The primary etiologic factor in the formation of periodontal disease is microbial dental plaque accumulation on teeth. In our research, we aimed to investigate the presence of periodontal disease-related bacterial species in dental plaques of cats and dogs. Specimens collected from 50 cats and 51 dogs with periodontal disease examined in terms of periodontal pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers directed to 16S rRNA and tdpA genes. Our findings indicate the presence of periodontal disease-related pathogens, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis (cats 96%, dogs 88%), Prevotella nigrescens (cats 90%, dogs 57%) and, Porphyromonas gulae (cats 70%, dogs 39%). In addition, the prevalence of Tannerella forthysia (cats 2%, dogs 4%) well-known pathogen in cats and dogs were isolated with an extremely low percentage. Furthermore, our results suggest that the feline oral cavity microbiota has considerably more diversity than dogs. Consequently, daily oral hygiene practices may become essential for controlling the pathogenic bacteria which have clinical importance and in preventing the propagation of microorganisms in the oral cavity of cats and dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Özavci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
| | - Göksel Erbas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Uğur Parin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hafize Tuğba Yüksel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Kirkan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|