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Spoelstra GB, Blok SN, Reali Nazario L, Noord L, Fu Y, Simeth NA, IJpma FFA, van Oosten M, van Dijl JM, Feringa BL, Szymanski W, Elsinga PH. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel 18F-vancomycin-based tracers for the detection of bacterial infections using positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2583-2596. [PMID: 38644432 PMCID: PMC11224109 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial infections are a major problem in medicine, and the rapid and accurate detection of such infections is essential for optimal patient outcome. Bacterial infections can be diagnosed by nuclear imaging, but most currently available modalities are unable to discriminate infection from sterile inflammation. Bacteria-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have the potential to overcome this hurdle. In the present study, we compared three 18F-labelled PET tracers based on the clinically applied antibiotic vancomycin for targeted imaging of Gram-positive bacteria. METHODS [18F]FB-NHS and [18F]BODIPY-FL-NHS were conjugated to vancomycin. The resulting conjugates, together with our previously developed [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin, were tested for stability, lipophilicity, selective binding to Gram-positive bacteria, antimicrobial activity and biodistribution. For the first time, the pharmacokinetic properties of all three tracers were compared in healthy animals to identify potential binding sites. RESULTS [18F]FB-vancomycin, [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin, and [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin were successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 11.7%, 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively. [18F]FB-vancomycin exhibited poor in vitro and in vivo stability and, accordingly, no bacterial binding. In contrast, [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin and [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin showed strong and specific binding to Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was outcompeted by unlabeled vancomycin only at concentrations exceeding clinically relevant vancomycin blood levels. Biodistribution showed renal clearance of [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin and [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin with low non-specific accumulation in muscles, fat and bones. CONCLUSION Here we present the synthesis and first evaluation of the vancomycin-based PET tracers [18F]BODIPY-FL-vancomycin and [18F]PQ-VE1-vancomycin for image-guided detection of Gram-positive bacteria. Our study paves the way towards real-time bacteria-targeted diagnosis of soft tissue and implant-associated infections that are oftentimes caused by Gram-positive bacteria, even after prophylactic treatment with vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Spoelstra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - S N Blok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - L Reali Nazario
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - L Noord
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Y Fu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - N A Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraβe 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F F A IJpma
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - M van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - J M van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - B L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - W Szymanski
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Photopharmacology and Imaging, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - P H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, The Netherlands.
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Sax FH, Hoyka M, Blersch BP, Fink B. Diagnostics in Late Periprosthetic Infections-Challenges and Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:351. [PMID: 38667027 PMCID: PMC11047502 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising number of arthroplasties is combined with a rising number of periprosthetic joint infections, which leads to life-concerning consequences for the patients, including extended antibiotic treatment, further surgery and increased mortality. The heterogeneity of the symptoms and inflammatory response of the patients due to, e.g., age and comorbidities and the absence of a single diagnostic test with 100% accuracy make it very challenging to choose the right parameters to confirm or deny a periprosthetic joint infection and to establish a standardized definition. In recent years, additional diagnostic possibilities have emerged primarily through the increasing availability of new diagnostic methods, such as genetic techniques. The aim of the review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the various tests, including the latest developments. The combination of different tests increases the accuracy of the diagnosis. Each physician or clinical department must select the tests from the available methods that can be best implemented for them in organizational and technical terms. Serological parameters and the cultivation of the samples from aspiration or biopsy should be combined with additional synovial tests to create an accurate figure for the failure of the prosthesis, while imaging procedures are used to obtain additional information for the planned therapeutic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hubert Sax
- Department of Joint Replacement, General and Rheumatic Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Clinic Markgröningen gGmbH, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706 Markgröningen, Germany; (F.H.S.); (M.H.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Marius Hoyka
- Department of Joint Replacement, General and Rheumatic Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Clinic Markgröningen gGmbH, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706 Markgröningen, Germany; (F.H.S.); (M.H.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Benedikt Paul Blersch
- Department of Joint Replacement, General and Rheumatic Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Clinic Markgröningen gGmbH, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706 Markgröningen, Germany; (F.H.S.); (M.H.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Bernd Fink
- Department of Joint Replacement, General and Rheumatic Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Clinic Markgröningen gGmbH, Kurt-Lindemann-Weg 10, 71706 Markgröningen, Germany; (F.H.S.); (M.H.); (B.P.B.)
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Scheuermann-Poley C, Wiessner A, Kikhney J, Gatzer R, Müller M, Stichling M, Moter A, Willy C. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization as Diagnostic Tool for Implant-associated Infections: A Pilot Study on Added Value. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4994. [PMID: 37360245 PMCID: PMC10287136 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are a devastating complication in surgery. Especially in infections with biofilm-forming microorganisms, the identification of the causing microorganism remains a challenge. However, the classification as biofilm is not possible with conventional polymerase chain reaction or culture-based diagnostics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and nucleic acid amplification technique (FISHseq) to discuss a diagnostic benefit of the culture-independent methods and to map spatial organization of pathogens and microbial biofilms in wounds. Methods In total, 118 tissue samples from 60 patients with clinically suspected implant-associated infections (n = 32 joint replacements, n = 24 open reduction and internal fixation, n = 4 projectiles) were analyzed using classic microbiological culture and culture-independent FISH in combination with polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (FISHseq). Results In 56 of 60 wounds, FISHseq achieved an added value. FISHseq confirmed the result of cultural microbiological examinations in 41 of the 60 wounds. In 12 wounds, one or more additional pathogens were detected by FISHseq. FISHseq could show that the bacteria initially detected by culture corresponded to a contamination in three wounds and could exclude that the identified commensal pathogens were a contamination in four other wounds. In five wounds, a nonplanktonic bacterial life form was detected. Conclusions The study revealed that FISHseq gives additional diagnostic information, including therapy-relevant findings that were missed by culture. In addition, nonplanktonic bacterial life forms could also be detected with FISHseq, albeit less frequently than previously indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Scheuermann-Poley
- From the Trauma & Orthopedic Surgery, Septic & Reconstructive Surgery, Research and Treatment Centre Septic Defect Wounds, Federal Armed Forces of Germany, Bundeswehr (Military) Academic Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wiessner
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin and MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin and MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Gatzer
- Department of Microbiology, Federal Armed Forces of Germany, Bundeswehr (Military) Academic Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Federal Armed Forces of Germany, Bundeswehr (Military) Academic Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Stichling
- From the Trauma & Orthopedic Surgery, Septic & Reconstructive Surgery, Research and Treatment Centre Septic Defect Wounds, Federal Armed Forces of Germany, Bundeswehr (Military) Academic Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin and MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Willy
- From the Trauma & Orthopedic Surgery, Septic & Reconstructive Surgery, Research and Treatment Centre Septic Defect Wounds, Federal Armed Forces of Germany, Bundeswehr (Military) Academic Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Oh MJ, Babeer A, Liu Y, Ren Z, Wu J, Issadore DA, Stebe KJ, Lee D, Steager E, Koo H. Surface Topography-Adaptive Robotic Superstructures for Biofilm Removal and Pathogen Detection on Human Teeth. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11998-12012. [PMID: 35764312 PMCID: PMC9413416 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The eradication of biofilms remains an unresolved challenge across disciplines. Furthermore, in biomedicine, the sampling of spatially heterogeneous biofilms is crucial for accurate pathogen detection and precise treatment of infection. However, current approaches are incapable of removing highly adhesive biostructures from topographically complex surfaces. To meet these needs, we demonstrate magnetic field-directed assembly of nanoparticles into surface topography-adaptive robotic superstructures (STARS) for precision-guided biofilm removal and diagnostic sampling. These structures extend or retract at multilength scales (micro-to-centimeter) to operate on opposing surfaces and rapidly adjust their shape, length, and stiffness to adapt and apply high-shear stress. STARS conform to complex surface topographies by entering angled grooves or extending into narrow crevices and "scrub" adherent biofilm with multiaxis motion while producing antibacterial reagents on-site. Furthermore, as the superstructure disrupts the biofilm, it captures bacterial, fungal, viral, and matrix components, allowing sample retrieval for multiplexed diagnostic analysis. We apply STARS using automated motion patterns to target complex three-dimensional geometries of ex vivo human teeth to retrieve biofilm samples with microscale precision, while providing "toothbrushing-like" and "flossing-like" action with antibacterial activity in real-time to achieve mechanochemical removal and multikingdom pathogen detection. This approach could lead to autonomous, multifunctional antibiofilm platforms to advance current oral care modalities and other fields contending with harmful biofilms on hard-to-reach surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Oh
- Biofilm Research
Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alaa Babeer
- Biofilm Research
Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Oral Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research
Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research
Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for
Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jingyu Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David A. Issadore
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for
Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Stebe
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for
Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for
Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Edward Steager
- Biofilm Research
Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for
Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- GRASP
Laboratory,
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research
Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center
for
Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Contemporary Tools for the Cure against Pernicious Microorganisms: Micro-/Nanorobots. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most pressing concerns to global public health is the emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms due to increased unconscious antibiotic usage. With the rising antibiotic resistance, existing antimicrobial agents lose their effectiveness over time. This indicates that newer and more effective antimicrobial agents and methods should be investigated. Many studies have shown that micro-/nanorobots exhibit promise in the treatment of microbial infections with their great properties, such as the intrinsic antimicrobial activities owing to their oxidative stress induction and metal ion release capabilities, and effective and autonomous delivery of antibiotics to the target area. In addition, they have multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes, which makes them remarkable in antimicrobial activity. This review focuses on the antimicrobial micro-/nanorobots and their strategies to impede biofilm formation, following a brief introduction of the latest advancements in micro-/nanorobots, and their implementations against various bacteria, and other microorganisms.
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Tierce RK, Winn AA, Albers TM, Poueymirou WT, Levee EM, Woods SE, Reddyjarugu B. Detection and Transmission of Proteus mirabilis in Immunodeficient Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:256-269. [PMID: 35277210 PMCID: PMC9137283 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exclusion of opportunistic pathogens is important for protecting animal health and ensuring desired research outcomes in highly immunodeficient mice. Proteus mirabilis has been associated with gastrointestinal tract lesions, septicemia, pyelonephritis, splenomegaly, and hepatitis and can influence select mouse models. To inform health-surveillance practices after we experienced difficulty in excluding P. mirabilis from our mouse colony, we aimed to determine the likelihood of detecting P. mirabilis-positive immunocompromised (SRG), immunovague (Fbn1+/-), and immunocompetent (CD1) colony mice through culture and PCR testing; to evaluate transmission via 2 sentinel-based approaches (direct contact and indirect dirty-bedding transfer); and to further characterize associated pathology. We hypothesized that immunocompromised mice would be better detectors and transmitters of P. mirabilis. Multiple logistic regression models were used for analysis and included PCR copy number, repeated testing, age, sex, and antibiotic-treated (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) diet as covariates. Repeated testing over 10 wk showed that P. mirabilis -colonized immunocompromised colony mice were 95 times more likely than immunocompetent mice to test positive by culture and 30 times more likely by PCR assay. Sentinel mice were 15 times more likely to test positive by PCR assay for P. mirabilis when exposed by direct contact compared with dirty bedding and 18 times more likely to test positive when exposed to positive immunocompromised as compared with immunocompetent colony mice. After 10 wk of exposure, 3.8% of dirty-bedding sentinel PCR tests were positive, as compared with 30.7% of contact sentinels. Only immunocompromised mice on antibiotic diet (37.5%) developed lesions of the urogenital tract and abdominal cavity consistent with known pathology of P. mirabilis. Our findings suggest that PCR testing of dirty-bedding sentinels alone is not sufficient for the detection of P. mirabilis in mouse colonies. Direct-contact sentinels and testing of colony mice-especially if immunocompromised-with adjunct culture may facilitate successful bioexclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Tierce
- VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York; New York University-Regeneron Veterinary Postdoctoral Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine, New York, New York;,
| | | | - Theresa M Albers
- Research Animal Diagnostic Services, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ellen M Levee
- VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Stephanie E Woods
- VelociGene, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York; New York University-Regeneron Veterinary Postdoctoral Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine, New York, New York
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Biofilm Survival Strategies in Chronic Wounds. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040775. [PMID: 35456825 PMCID: PMC9025119 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms residing in chronic wounds are thought to have numerous survival strategies, making them extremely difficult to eradicate and resulting in long-term infections. However, much of our knowledge regarding biofilm persistence stems from in vitro models and experiments performed in vivo in animal models. While the knowledge obtained from such experiments is highly valuable, its direct translation to the human clinical setting should be undertaken with caution. In this review, we highlight knowledge obtained from human clinical samples in different aspects of biofilm survival strategies. These strategies have been divided into segments of the following attributes: altered transcriptomic profiles, spatial distribution, the production of extracellular polymeric substances, an altered microenvironment, inter-and intra-species interactions, and heterogeneity in the bacterial population. While all these attributes are speculated to contribute to the enhanced persistence of biofilms in chronic wounds, only some of them have been demonstrated to exist in human wounds. Some of the attributes have been observed in other clinical diseases while others have only been observed in vitro. Here, we have strived to clarify the limitations of the current knowledge in regard to this specific topic, without ignoring important in vitro and in vivo observations.
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Fatima N, Bjarnsholt T, Bay L. Dynamics of skin microbiota in shoulder surgery infections. APMIS 2021; 129:665-674. [PMID: 34587324 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Post-surgical infections arise due to various contributing factors. Most important is the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms in the skin complemented by the patient´s health status. Cutibacterium acnes is commonly present in the pilosebaceous glands and hair follicle funnels in human skin. After surgical intervention, these highly prevalent, slow-growing bacteria can be found in the deeper tissues and in proximity of implants. C. acnes is frequently implicated in post-surgical infections, often resulting in the need for revision surgery. This review summarizes the current understanding of microbial dynamics in shoulder surgical infections. In particular, we shed light on the contribution of C. acnes to post-surgical shoulder infections as well as their colonization and immune-modulatory potential. Despite being persistently found in post-surgical tissues, C. acnes is often underestimated as a causative organism due to its slow growth and the inefficient detection methods. We discuss the role of the skin environment constituted by microbial composition and host cellular status in influencing C. acnes recolonization potential. Future mapping of the individual skin microbiome in shoulder surgery patients using advanced molecular methods would be a useful approach for determining the risk of post-operative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naireen Fatima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Şen Karaman D, Pamukçu A, Karakaplan MB, Kocaoglu O, Rosenholm JM. Recent Advances in the Use of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6575-6591. [PMID: 34602819 PMCID: PMC8478671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s273062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Public awareness of infectious diseases has increased in recent months, not only due to the current COVID-19 outbreak but also because of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) being declared a top-10 global health threat by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. These global issues have spiked the realization that new and more efficient methods and approaches are urgently required to efficiently combat and overcome the failures in the diagnosis and therapy of infectious disease. This holds true not only for current diseases, but we should also have enough readiness to fight the unforeseen diseases so as to avoid future pandemics. A paradigm shift is needed, not only in infection treatment, but also diagnostic practices, to overcome the potential failures associated with early diagnosis stages, leading to unnecessary and inefficient treatments, while simultaneously promoting AMR. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials fabricated as multifunctional nano-platforms for antibacterial therapeutics, diagnostics, or both (known as "theranostics") have attracted increasing attention. In the research field of nanomedicine, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with a tailored structure, large surface area, high loading capacity, abundant chemical versatility, and acceptable biocompatibility, have shown great potential to integrate the desired functions for diagnosis of bacterial infections. The focus of this review is to present the advances in mesoporous materials in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) or composites that can easily and flexibly accommodate dual or multifunctional capabilities of separation, identification and tracking performed during the diagnosis of infectious diseases together with the inspiring NP designs in diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Şen Karaman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Pamukçu
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Technologies, İzmir, Turkey
| | - M Baran Karakaplan
- İzmir Kâtip Çelebi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Kocaoglu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, 35620, Turkey
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
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