1
|
Chen H, Xu M, Zhang B, Yu S, Weir MD, Melo MAS, Masri RM, Tang Y, Xu HHK, Yang D. Novel strategy of S. mutans gcrR gene over-expression plus antibacterial dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate suppresses biofilm acids and reduces dental caries in rats. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00160-X. [PMID: 38942710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a major contributor to dental caries, with its ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and biofilms. The gcrR gene is a regulator of EPS synthesis and biofilm formation. The objectives of this study were to investigate a novel strategy of combining gcrR gene over-expression with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and to determine their in vivo efficacy in reducing caries in rats for the first time. METHODS Two types of S. mutans were tested: Parent S. mutans; and gcrR gene over-expressed S. mutans (gcrR OE S. mutans). Bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured with DMAHDM and chlorhexidine (CHX). Biofilm biomass, polysaccharide, lactic acid production, live/dead staining, colony-forming units (CFUs), and metabolic activity (MTT) were evaluated. A Sprague-Dawley rat model was used with parent S. mutans and gcrR OE S. mutans colonization to determine caries-inhibition in vivo. RESULTS Drug-susceptibility of gcrR OE S. mutans to DMAHDM or CHX was 2-fold higher than that of parent S. mutans. DMAHDM reduced biofilm CFU by 3-4 logs. Importantly, the combined gcrR OE S. mutans+ DMAHDM dual strategy reduced biofilm CFU by 5 logs. In the rat model, the parent S. mutans group had a higher cariogenicity in dentinal (Dm) and extensive dentinal (Dx) regions. The DMAHDM + gcrR OE group reduced the Dm and Dx caries to only 20 % and 0 %, those of parent S. mutans + PBS control group (p < 0.05). The total caries severity of gcrR OE + DMAHDM group was decreased to 51 % that of parent S. mutans control (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The strategy of combining S. mutans gcrR over-expression with antibacterial monomer reducing biofilm acids by 97 %, and reduced in vivo total caries in rats by 48 %. The gcrR over-expression + DMAHDM strategy is promising for a wide range of dental applications to inhibit caries and protect tooth structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi M Masri
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 404100, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei Distrinct, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mattos-Graner RO, Klein MI, Alves LA. The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:138-167. [PMID: 36622855 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alves LA, Salvatierra GC, Freitas VA, Höfling JF, Bastos DC, Araujo TLS, Mattos-Graner RO. Diversity in Phenotypes Associated With Host Persistence and Systemic Virulence in Streptococcus sanguinis Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:875581. [PMID: 35509310 PMCID: PMC9058168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.875581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is a pioneer commensal species of dental biofilms, abundant in different oral sites and commonly associated with opportunist cardiovascular infections. In this study, we addressed intra-species functional diversity to better understand the S. sanguinis commensal and pathogenic lifestyles. Multiple phenotypes were screened in nine strains isolated from dental biofilms or from the bloodstream to identify conserved and strain-specific functions involved in biofilm formation and/or persistence in oral and cardiovascular tissues. Strain phenotypes of biofilm maturation were independent of biofilm initiation phenotypes, and significantly influenced by human saliva and by aggregation mediated by sucrose-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS). The production of H2O2 was conserved in most strains, and consistent with variations in extracellular DNA (eDNA) production observed in few strains. The diversity in complement C3b deposition correlated with the rates of opsonophagocytosis by human PMN and was influenced by culture medium and sucrose-derived EPS in a strain-specific fashion. Differences in C3b deposition correlated with strain binding to recognition proteins of the classical pathway, C1q and serum amyloid protein (SAP). Importantly, differences in strain invasiveness into primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were significantly associated with C3b binding, and in a lesser extent, with binding to host glycoproteins (such as fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibronectin, and collagen). Thus, by identifying conserved and strain-specific phenotypes involved in host persistence and systemic virulence, this study indicates potential new functions involved in systemic virulence and highlights the need of including a wider panel of strains in molecular studies to understand S. sanguinis biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia A. Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Geovanny C. Salvatierra
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Victor A. Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José F. Höfling
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Débora C. Bastos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- São Leopoldo Mandic Medical School, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thaís L. S. Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata O. Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renata O. Mattos-Graner,
| |
Collapse
|