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Chen F, Yin Y, Chen H, Wang R, Wang S, Wang H. Global genetic diversity and Asian clades evolution: a phylogeographic study of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 5. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0117523. [PMID: 38259089 PMCID: PMC10916392 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01175-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus sequence type (ST) 5 has spread worldwide; however, phylogeographic studies on the evolution of global phylogenetic and Asian clades of ST5 are lacking. This study included 368 ST5 genome sequences, including 111 newly generated sequences. Primary phylogenetic analysis suggested that there are five clades, and geographical clustering of ST5 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was linked to the acquisition of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs; enterotoxin gene island) and integration of the prophage φSa3. The most recent common ancestor of global S. aureus ST5 dates back to the mid-1940s, coinciding with the clinical introduction of penicillin. Bayesian phylogeographic inference allowed to ancestrally trace the Asian ST5 MRSA clade to Japan, which may have spread to major cities in China and Korea in the 1990s. Based on a pan-genome-wide association study, the emergence of Asian ST5 clades was attributed to the gain of prophages, SaPIs, and plasmids, as well as the coevolution of resistance genes. Clade IV displayed greater genomic diversity than the Asian MRSA clades. Collectively, our study provides in-depth insights into the global evolution of S. aureus ST5 mainly in China and the United States and reveals that different S. aureus ST5 clades have arisen independently in different parts of the world, with limited geographic dispersal across continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengning Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus EMRSA-15 clone as the predominant cause of diabetic foot ulcer infections in Portugal. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:179-186. [PMID: 31599357 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are often found in infected diabetic foot ulcers, in which the prevalence may reach 40%. These complications are one of the main causes of morbidity in diabetic patients. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MRSA strains in infected diabetic foot ulcers and to characterize their genetic lineages. Samples collected from 42 type 2 diabetic patients, presenting infected foot ulcers, were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors, and the immune evasion cluster system was studied by PCR. All isolates were characterized by MLST, accessory gene regulator (agr), spa, and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. Twenty-five MRSA strains were isolated. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin and cefoxitin. Sixteen isolates showed phenotypic resistance to erythromycin being 7 co-resistant to clindamycin. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in 2 isolates harboring the dfrA and dfrG genes. The IEC genes were detected in 80% of isolates, 16 of which were ascribed to IEC-type B. Isolates were assigned to 12 different spa types. The MLST analysis grouped the isolates into 7 sequence types being the majority (68%) ascribed to SCCmec type IV. In this study, there was a high prevalence of the EMRSA-15 clone presenting multiple resistances in diabetic foot ulcers making these infections complicated to treat leading to a higher morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.
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Maleki DT, Ghalavand Z, Laabei M, Nikmanesh B, Houri H, Kodori M, Hashemi A, Kadkhoda H, Eslami G. Molecular analysis of accessory gene regulator functionality and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus derived from pediatric wound infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:255-260. [PMID: 31102739 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing infections with high morbidity and mortality in both healthcare and community settings. The accessory gene regulator (Agr) is a key genetic element controlling the expression of numerous virulence factors in S. aureus. The significance of a functional Agr system in clinical S. aureus isolates derived from pediatric wound infections is still unclear. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify virulence genes and determine Agr functionality from this cohort of patients. A total of 48 S. aureus wound isolates were collected from patients referred to Tehran Children's Medical Center Hospital from April 2017 to April 2018. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the disk diffusion and E-test methods. Conventional PCR was performed for the detection of toxins (tsst-1, hla, hlb, hld, eta, etb, etd, edin-A, edin-B, edin-C) and Agr typing (agrI, agrII, agrIII, agrIV). Agr functionality was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). All S. aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. The most frequently detected toxin gene was eta (100%), and the most prevalent Agr type was agrIII (56.3%). Importantly, qRT-PCR revealed that Agr was functional in 28 (58%) of wound isolates. Consequently, our data suggests that a functional Agr system may not be required for the development of S. aureus wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Taghizadeh Maleki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Lab Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Kodori
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiva Kadkhoda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Eslami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Chen T, Zheng W, Li ZH, Ying RF, Tang ZX, Shi LE. Active sites and thermostability of a non-specific nuclease from Yersinia enterocoliticasubsp . palearcticaby site-directed mutagenesis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1489738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Rui-Feng Ying
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen-Xing Tang
- Hangzhou Tianlong Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lu-E Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Chao G, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Xu L, Zhou L, Yang W, Jiang Y, Xue F, Wu Y. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) from Different Sources in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:214-21. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Chao
- Laboratory of Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weixia Yang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal, Plant, and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Animal, Plant, and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, China
| | - Yantao Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Khokhlova O, Tomita Y, Hung WC, Takano T, Iwao Y, Higuchi W, Nishiyama A, Reva I, Yamamoto T. Elderly infection in the community due to ST5/SCCmecII methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (the New York/Japan clone) in Japan: Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative necrotizing pneumonia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012. [PMID: 23201322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An 89-year-old man suffered from and died of necrotizing pneumonia with rapid progression and cavity formation due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). He was at no risk for hospital-acquired MRSA infection. His MRSA exhibited genotype ST5/spa2(t002)/agr2/SCCmecII/coagulaseII and was negative for Panton-Valentine leukocidin, indicating the New York/Japan clone (the predominant epidemic hospital-acquired MRSA clone in Japan). However, this strain expressed the cytolytic peptide (phenol-soluble modulin or δ-hemolysin) genes at high level, similar to USA300 (the most common community-acquired MRSA in the United States), indicating a variant of the New York/Japan clone with an important feature of community-acquired MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Khokhlova
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Iwao
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wataru Higuchi
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihito Nishiyama
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ivan Reva
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of 857 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 16 medical centers in Japan (2008–2009): nationwide survey of community-acquired and nosocomial MRSA. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 72:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Spanu V, Spanu C, Virdis S, Cossu F, Scarano C, De Santis EPL. Virulence factors and genetic variability of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw sheep's milk cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 153:53-7. [PMID: 22094181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of dairy products with Staphylococcus aureus can be of animal or human origin. The host pathogen relationship is an important factor determining genetic polymorphism of the strains and their potential virulence. The aim of the present study was to carry out an extensive characterization of virulence factors and to study the genetic variability of S. aureus strains isolated from raw ewe's milk cheese. A total of 100 S. aureus strains isolated from cheese samples produced in 10 artisan cheese factories were analyzed for the presence of enterotoxins (sea-see) and enterotoxins-like genes (seh, sek, sel, sem, seo, sep), leukocidins, exfoliatins, haemolysins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and the accessory gene regulator alleles (agr). Strains were also typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AMOVA analysis carried out on PFGE and PCR data showed that the major component explaining genetic distance between strains was the dairy of origin. Of the total isolates 81% had a pathogenicity profile ascribable to "animal" biovar while 16% could be related to "human" biovar. The biovar allowed to estimate the most likely origin of the contamination. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobial agents and the presence of the corresponding genes coding for antibiotic resistance was also investigated. 18 strains carrying blaZ gene showed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin and 6 strains carrying tetM gene were resistant to tetracycline. The presence of mecA gene and methicillin resistance, typical of strains of human origin, was never detected. The results obtained in the present study confirm that S. aureus contamination in artisan cheese production is mainly of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Spanu
- Inspection of Food of Animal Origin, Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Takata T, Miyazaki M, Li H, Healy M, Frye S, Tanaka K, Hara S, Kamimura H, Yoshimura H, Matsunaga A, Ohta D, Ishikura H, Tamura K, Tang YW. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in a Japanese University Hospital between 1987 and 2004. J Infect Chemother 2011; 18:199-206. [PMID: 22009526 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been the most common cause of nosocomial infections in Japan, but their genetic characteristics related to bloodstream infections have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate a comprehensive molecular characterization of MRSA blood isolates during the historical 18-year study period between 1987 and 2004 in a tertiary care university hospital. A total of 137 MRSA isolates recovered from the blood of inpatients at Fukuoka University Hospital were analyzed. Clinical information and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were reviewed, and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec), accessory gene regulator (agr), and a battery of bacterial genes were tested by PCR-based assays. The relatedness of these isolates was determined by the repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Although low numbers of agr type III/SCCmec type IV isolates circulated between 1987 and 1992, agr type II/SCCmec type II isolates started circulating in 1993 and were responsible for the increased MRSA isolates until 2004. The rep-PCR and PFGE identified 104 epidemic and 33 sporadic isolates. Among the 104 epidemic isolates, six major rep-PCR/PFGE types were identified, which occupied 67.3% of epidemic isolates. The SCCmec type II and agr type II isolates were observed in significantly higher proportion in epidemic isolates than in sporadic isolates (P = 0.0318, P = 0.0123, respectively). In contrast, SCCmec type IV strains were observed in significantly higher proportion in sporadic isolates than in epidemic isolates (P = 0.0494). Although isolates with sec were detected in higher rates in epidemic isolates (P = 0.0397), seh was detected in higher rates in sporadic isolates (P = 0.0350). Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepping revealed that SCCmec type II was independently associated with epidemic isolates (P = 0.0067; odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.64). These data indicated that SCCmec type II MRSA isolates were responsible for the increased MRSA bloodstream infections for inpatients during the 18-year study period in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Takata
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Beta toxin catalyzes formation of nucleoprotein matrix in staphylococcal biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14407-12. [PMID: 20660751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911032107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-associated communities of microbes encompassed by an extracellular matrix. It is estimated that 80% of all bacterial infections involve biofilm formation, but the structure and regulation of biofilms are incompletely understood. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a major structural component in many biofilms of the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, but its role is enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that beta toxin, a neutral sphingomyelinase and a virulence factor of S. aureus, forms covalent cross-links to itself in the presence of DNA (we refer to this as biofilm ligase activity, independent of sphingomyelinase activity) producing an insoluble nucleoprotein matrix in vitro. Furthermore, we show that beta toxin strongly stimulates biofilm formation in vivo as demonstrated by a role in causation of infectious endocarditis in a rabbit model. Together, these results suggest that beta toxin cross-linking in the presence of eDNA assists in forming the skeletal framework upon which staphylococcal biofilms are established.
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