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Zhao J, Huang Y, Li J, Zhang B, Dong Z, Wang D. In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Resistance Prevention of Antimicrobial Combinations for Dihydropteroate Synthase-Carrying Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3039-3046. [PMID: 35720255 PMCID: PMC9205434 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s368338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacillus that is known to be an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in a hospital environment. The infection has a high morbidity and mortality. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) is the first-line agent recommended for its treatment. The global spread of dihydropteroate synthase (sul) genes has resulted in an increased resistance rate. However, the appropriate therapy for infections caused by sul-carrying S. maltophilia has not yet been established. Objective Our study aimed to identify the optimal antibiotic combinations that could both show high antibacterial activity against sul-carrying S. maltophilia and the ability to prevent the emergence of resistance at clinical dosage regimens. Methods Time-killing experiments and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) experiments were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect and ability to prevent resistance to minocycline, tigecycline, moxifloxacin, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (T/K), both alone and in combination, at clinically relevant antimicrobial concentrations. Results Minocycline, tigecycline, and T/K all exhibited bacteriostatic activity to sul-carrying S. maltophilia. The combination of minocycline plus T/K and tigecycline plus T/K neither enhanced the bactericidal ability nor prevented drug-resistant mutations. Moxifloxacin, at 2 mg/L, showed good bactericidal activity to most S. maltophilia, but bacterial regrowth at 24 h was observed in two strains. When combined with T/K, moxifloxacin showed good bactericidal activity in all moxifloxacin-sensitive strains. The concentrations of moxifloxacin alone were lower than most MPCs of the tested sul-carrying strains. When combined with T/K, the mean steady-state concentrations (MSC) of moxifloxacin could prevent 70% of resistance, and the peak concentration (Cmax) prevented 95% of resistance. Conclusion The combination of moxifloxacin and T/K can achieve a good in vitro bactericidal effect and prevent the emergence of resistance at clinical dosage regimens, and may be an optimal therapeutic strategy for S. maltophilia infections, especially for vulnerable immunocompromised and critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
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Laskoski LV, Bandeira DM, Batista JM, Costa WFD, Baeza LC, Kuo LH, Pinto FGDS. Phytochemical prospection and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of extracts and essential oil from leaves of Myrsine umbellata Mart. (Primulaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e263865. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L. C. Baeza
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brasil
| | - L. H. Kuo
- Università degli studi di Padova, Italia
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Alcaraz E, Ghiglione B, Pineda MV, Mangano A, Di Conza J, Passerini de Rossi B. AmpR is a dual regulator in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a positive role in β-lactam resistance and a negative role in virulence, biofilm and DSF production. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103917. [PMID: 34890712 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia intrinsic resistance to β-lactams is mediated by two chromosomal β-lactamases, L1 and L2, whose induction depends on AmpR. Its quorum sensing (QS) signal, the diffusible signal factor (DSF), has a positive role in biofilm production, virulence and induction of β-lactamases. We hypothesized that AmpR has a role in virulence, biofilm production and QS system. Studies were done on S. maltophilia K279a, K279a ampRFS (ampR deficient mutant) and K279aM11 (constitutively active AmpR mutant). K279a ampRFS showed the highest biofilm biomass, thickness and 3D organization. Conversely, K279aM11 was the least efficient biofilm former strain. qRT-PCR showed that spgM, related to biofilm formation and virulence, was upregulated in K279a ampRFS and downregulated in K279aM11. A constitutively active AmpR led to a reduction of DSF production, while K279a ampRFS was the highest producer. Consequently, qRT-PCR showed that AmpR negatively regulated rpfF expression. K279a ampRFS presented the highest oxidative stress resistance, overexpressed sodA gene and showed the highest virulence in the Galleria mellonella killing assay. This is the first evidence of the function of AmpR as a dual regulator in S. maltophilia with a positive role in β-lactam resistance and a negative role in DSF production, biofilm formation, oxidative stress resistance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Alcaraz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina.
| | - Barbara Ghiglione
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Verónica Pineda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular-CONICET- Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Mangano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular-CONICET- Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Argentina.
| | - José Di Conza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Beatriz Passerini de Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina.
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Aslam N, Hayat S, Ali T, Waseem M, Siddique MH, Afzal M, Muzammil A, Naz G, Sarwar A, Muzammil S. Antiadhesion and antibiofilm potential of Fagonia indica from Cholistan desert against clinical multidrug resistant bacteria. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239991. [PMID: 34190801 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High resistance to antimicrobials is associated with biofilm formation responsible for infectious microbes to withstand severe conditions. Therefore, new alternatives are necessary as biofilm inhibitors to control infections. In this study, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Fagonia indica extracts were evaluated against MDR clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica has antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. The extract exhibited its antibiofilm effect by altering adherence and disintegration of bacterial cell wall. Fagonia indica had antibacterial effect as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 500-3000 µg mL-1 against MDR isolates. The maximum inhibitory effects of Fagonia indica chloroform extract on biofilm formation was observed on Staphylococcus aureus (71.84%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (70.83%) after 48 hrs showing that inhibition is also time dependent. Our results about bacterial cell protein leakage indicated that MDR isolates treated with chloroform extract of Fagonia indica showed maximum protein leakage of K. pneumoniae (59.14 µg mL-1) followed by S. aureus (56.7 µg mL-1). Cell attachment assays indicated that chloroform extract resulted in a 43.5-53.5% inhibition of cell adherence to a polystyrene surface. Our results revealed that extracts of Fagonia indica significantly inhibited biofilm formation among MDR clinical isolates, therefore, could be applied as antimicrobial agents and cost effective biofilm inhibitor against these MDR isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aslam
- Government College University, Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Hayat
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - T Ali
- Government College University, Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,University of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Waseem
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M H Siddique
- Government College University, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Government College University, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Muzammil
- Government College University, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - G Naz
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Sarwar
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Muzammil
- Government College University, Department of Microbiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Santos Carvalhais BE, Souza E Silva CD, Dos Santos KV. Effect of antimicrobials on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:83-93. [PMID: 33470844 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the activity of five antimicrobials against young and mature Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms. Materials & methods: Nineteen clinical strains from hemoculture of hemodialysis patients were tested for biofilm kinetics, MIC and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) in young and mature biofilms. Results: All strains were moderate biofilm producers. MIC showed total susceptibility to levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and partial resistance to ceftazidime (63.2%) and gentamicin (21%). Young and mature biofilms showed the lowest MBIC/MIC ratio for gentamicin, chloramphenicol and levofloxacin, respectively. The highest MBIC/MIC was for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (young) and ceftazidime (mature). Conclusion: Gentamicin displayed surprising activity against S. maltophilia biofilms. Chloramphenicol was indicated as a good option against young S. maltophilia biofilms, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed limited antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ellen Santos Carvalhais
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, Vitória, Espírito Santo 1468 29040 090, Brazil
| | - Cristiana de Souza E Silva
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, Vitória, Espírito Santo 1468 29040 090, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Marechal Campos, Vitória, Espírito Santo 1468 29040 090, Brazil
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6
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Pompilio A, Ranalli M, Piccirilli A, Perilli M, Vukovic D, Savic B, Krutova M, Drevinek P, Jonas D, Fiscarelli EV, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Tavío MM, Artiles F, Di Bonaventura G. Biofilm Formation among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates Has Clinical Relevance: The ANSELM Prospective Multicenter Study. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010049. [PMID: 33375493 PMCID: PMC7823565 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to form biofilms is a recognized trait of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, but the extent of its clinical relevance is still unclear. The present multicenter prospective study (ANSELM) aims at investigating the association between biofilm formation and clinical outcomes of S. maltophilia infections. One hundred and nine isolates were collected from various geographical origins and stratified according to their clinical relevance. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the microtiter plate assay and correlated with microbiological and clinical data from the associated strains. Antibiotic susceptibility of the planktonic cells was tested by the disk diffusion technique, while antibiotic activity against mature biofilms was spectrophotometrically assessed. Most strains (91.7%) were able to form biofilm, although bloodborne strains produced biofilm amounts significantly higher than strains causing hospital- rather than community-acquired infections, and those recognized as “definite” pathogens. Biofilm formation efficiency was positively correlated with mechanical ventilation (p = 0.032), whereas a negative relationship was found with antibiotic resistance (r2 = 0.107; p < 0.001), specifically in the case of the pathogenic strains. Mature S. maltophilia biofilms were markedly more resistant (up to 128 times) to cotrimoxazole and levofloxacin compared with their planktonic counterparts, especially in the case of bloodborne strains. Our findings indicate that biofilm formation by S. maltophilia is obviously a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of infections, especially in deep ones, thus warranting additional studies with larger cohort of patients and isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (G.D.B.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-541519; Fax: +39-0871-541520
| | - Marco Ranalli
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (G.D.B.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Dragana Vukovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Branislava Savic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Daniel Jonas
- University Freiburg—Medical Center, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ersilia V. Fiscarelli
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - María M. Tavío
- Microbiology, Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Fernando Artiles
- Microbiology & Parasitology Service, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (G.D.B.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Flores-Treviño S, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Camacho-Ortiz A, Morfín-Otero R, Salazar-Sesatty HA, Garza-González E. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm: its role in infectious diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:877-893. [PMID: 31658838 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1685875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Infections caused by the opportunistic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pathogen in immunocompromised patients are complicated to treat due to antibiotic resistance and the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm.Areas covered: A MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed of available literature to describe the role of biofilm produced by S. maltophilia in the diseases it causes, including biofilm-influencing factors, the biofilm forming process and composition. The antimicrobial resistance due to S. maltophilia biofilm production and current antibiofilm strategies is also included.Expert opinion: Through the production of biofilm, S. maltophilia strains can easily adhere to the surfaces in hospital settings and aid in its transmission. The biofilm can also cause antibiotic tolerance rendering some of the therapeutic options ineffective, causing setbacks in the selection of an appropriate treatment. Conventional susceptibility tests do not yet offer therapeutic guidelines to treat biofilm-associated infections. Current S. maltophilia biofilm control strategies include natural and synthetic compounds, chelating agents, and commonly prescribed antibiotics. As biofilm age and matrix composition affect the level of antibiotic tolerance, their characterization should be included in biofilm susceptibility testing, in addition to molecular and proteomic analyzes. As for now, several commonly recommended antibiotics can be used to treat biofilm-related S. maltophilia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty
- Unidad de Terapias Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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8
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Alcaraz E, García C, Friedman L, de Rossi BP. The rpf/DSF signalling system of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia positively regulates biofilm formation, production of virulence-associated factors and β-lactamase induction. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5437675. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Alcaraz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Microbiología, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos García
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Microbiología, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Friedman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Microbiología, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Passerini de Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Microbiología, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Hayat S, Muzammil S, Rasool MH, Nisar Z, Hussain SZ, Sabri AN, Jamil S. In vitroantibiofilm and anti-adhesion effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:211-220. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumreen Hayat
- Department of Microbiology; Government College University; Jhang Road Faisalabad Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of the Punjab; Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Canal Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology; Government College University; Jhang Road Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Zonaira Nisar
- Department of Microbiology; Government College University; Jhang Road Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry; Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering; Lahore University of Management Sciences; Sector U, DHA Lahore Pakistan
| | - Anjum Nasim Sabri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of the Punjab; Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Canal Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Saba Jamil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Agriculture; Agriculture University Road, Faisalabad Pakistan
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10
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Kim HR, Lee D, Eom YB. Anti-biofilm and Anti-Virulence Efficacy of Celastrol Against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:617-627. [PMID: 29725253 PMCID: PMC5930464 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-drug resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. This pathogen is difficult to treat owing to its intrinsic multidrug resistance and ability to form antimicrobial-tolerant biofilms. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential use of celastrol as a novel anti-biofilm and/or anti-virulence agent against S. maltophilia. Results showed that celastrol at its sub-inhibitory doses decreased biofilm formation and disrupt the established biofilms produced by S. maltophilia. Celastrol-induced decrease in biofilm formation was dose-dependent based on the results of the microtiter plate biofilm assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, our data validated the anti-virulence efficacy of celastrol, wherein it significantly interfered with the production of protease and motility of S. maltophilia. To support these phenotypic results, transcriptional analysis revealed that celastrol down-regulated the expression of biofilm- and virulence- associated genes (smeYZ, fsnR, and bfmAK) in S. maltophilia. Interestingly, celastrol significantly inhibited the expression of smeYZ gene, which encodes the resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pump, SmeYZ. Overall, our findings suggested that celastrol might be a promising bioactive agent for treatment of biofilm- and virulence-related infections caused by the multi-drug resistant S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsup Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Hyejeon College, Hongseoung, Chungnam 32244, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bai J, Yang Y, Wang S, Gao L, Chen J, Ren Y, Ding W, Muhammad I, Li Y. Syringa oblata Lindl. Aqueous Extract Is a Potential Biofilm Inhibitor in S. suis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28194111 PMCID: PMC5278344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease symptoms in pigs and humans. Syringa oblata Lindl. distributed in the middle latitudes of Eurasia and North America were proved as the most development potential of Chinese Medicine. In this study, biofilm formation by S. suis decreased after growth with 1/2 MIC, 1/4 MIC, or 1/8 MIC of Syringa oblata Lindl. aqueous extract and rutin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the potential effect of Syringa oblata Lindl. aqueous extract and rutin against biofilm formation by S. suis. Using iTRAQ technology, comparative proteomic analyses was performed at two conditions: 1/2 MIC of Syringa oblata Lindl. aqueous extract treated and non-treated cells. The results revealed the existence of 28 proteins of varying amounts. We found that the majority of the proteins were related to cell growth and metabolism. We also found that Syringa oblata Lindl. Aqueous extract affected the synthesis enzymes. In summary, Syringa oblata Lindl. aqueous extract might be used to inhibit the biofilm formation effectively by S. suis, and the active ingredients of the Syringa oblate Lindl. aqueous extract is rutin. The content of rutin is 9.9 ± 0.089 mg/g dry weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yanbei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Lingfei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
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12
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Yang YB, Chen JQ, Zhao YL, Bai JW, Ding WY, Zhou YH, Chen XY, Liu D, Li YH. Sub-MICs of Azithromycin Decrease Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus suis and Increase Capsular Polysaccharide Content of S. suis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1659. [PMID: 27812354 PMCID: PMC5072222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) caused serious disease symptoms in humans and pigs. S. suis is able to form thick biofilms and this increases the difficulty of treatment. After growth with 1/2 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of azithromycin, 1/4 MIC of azithromycin, or 1/8 MIC of azithromycin, biofilm formation of S. suis dose-dependently decreased in the present study. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the obvious effect of azithromycin against biofilm formation of S. suis. Especially, at two different conditions (1/2 MIC of azithromycin non-treated cells and treated cells), we carried out comparative proteomic analyses of cells by using iTRAQ technology. Finally, the results revealed the existence of 19 proteins of varying amounts. Interestingly, several cell surface proteins (such as ATP-binding cassette superfamily ATP-binding cassette transporter (G7SD52), CpsR (K0FG35), Cps1/2H (G8DTL7), CPS16F (E9NQ13), putative uncharacterized protein (G7SER0), NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G5L259), putative uncharacterized protein (G7S2D6), amino acid permease (B0M0G6), and NsuB (G5L351)) were found to be implicated in biofilm formation. More importantly, we also found that azithromycin affected expression of the genes cps1/2H, cpsR and cps16F. Especially, after growth with 1/2 MIC of azithromycin and 1/4 MIC of azithromycin, the capsular polysaccharide content of S. suis was significantly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Qing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China
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13
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Pompilio A, Riviello A, Crocetta V, Di Giuseppe F, Pomponio S, Sulpizio M, Di Ilio C, Angelucci S, Barone L, Di Giulio A, Di Bonaventura G. Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms by usnic acid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1315-1338. [PMID: 27633726 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms of usnic acid (USN) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from cystic fibrosis patients. MATERIALS & METHODS The effects exerted by USN at subinhibitory concentrations on S. aureus Sa3 strain was evaluated by proteomic, real-time PCR and electron microscopy analyses. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis showed that USN caused damage in peptidoglycan synthesis, as confirmed by microscopy. Real-time PCR analysis showed that antibiofilm activity of USN is mainly due to impaired adhesion to the host matrix binding proteins, and decreasing lipase and thermonuclease expression. Our data show that USN exerts anti-staphylococcal effects through multitarget inhibitory effects, thus confirming the rationale for considering it 'lead compound' for the treatment of cystic fibrosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Riviello
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy.,Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy.,Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Pomponio
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marilisa Sulpizio
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy.,Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy.,Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy.,Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luana Barone
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Viale G Marconi 446, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Giulio
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Viale G Marconi 446, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, Chieti, Italy.,Aging Research Center and Translational Medicine, 'G d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, Chieti, Italy
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14
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Wang A, Wang Q, Kudinha T, Xiao S, Zhuo C. Effects of Fluoroquinolones and Azithromycin on Biofilm Formation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29701. [PMID: 27405358 PMCID: PMC4942784 DOI: 10.1038/srep29701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes respiratory and urinary tract infections, as well as wound infections in immunocompromised patients. This pathogen is difficult to treat due to increased resistance to many antimicrobial agents. We investigated the in vitro biofilm formation of S. maltophilia, including effects of fluoroquinolones (FQs) and azithromycin on biofilm formation. The organism initiated attachment to polystyrene surfaces after a 4 h incubation period, and reached maximal growth at 18–24 h. In the presence of FQs (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin), the biofilm biomass was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). A lower concentration of moxifloxacin (10 μg/mL) exhibited a better inhibiting effect on biofilm formation than 100 μg/mL (P < 0.01), but with no difference in effect compared to the 50 μg/mL concentration (P > 0.05). However, the inhibitory effects of 10 μg/mL of levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin were slightly less pronounced than those of the higher concentrations. A combination of azithromycin and FQs significantly reduced the biofilm inhibiting effect on S. maltophilia preformed biofilms compared to azithromycin or FQs alone. We conclude that early use of clinically acceptable concentrations of FQs, especially moxifloxacin (10 μg/mL), may possibly inhibit biofilm formation by S. maltophilia. Our study provides an experimental basis for a possible optimal treatment strategy for S. maltophilia biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Darcy Road, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shunian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Kosikowska U, Andrzejczuk S, Plech T, Malm A. Inhibitory effect of 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids on Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in vitro under stationary conditions. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:647-654. [PMID: 27292570 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus influenzae, upper respiratory tract microbiota representatives, are able to colonize natural and artificial surfaces as biofilm. The aim of the present study was to assay the effect of ten 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids on planktonic or biofilm-forming haemophili cells in vitro under stationary conditions on the basis of MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) and MBICs (minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations). In addition, anti-adhesive properties of these compounds were examined. The reference strains of H. parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were included. The broth microdilution microtiter plate (MTP) method with twofold dilution of the compounds, or ciprofloxacin (reference agent) in 96-well polystyrene microplates, was used. The optical density (OD) reading was made spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 570 nm (OD570) both to measure bacterial growth and to detect biofilm-forming cells under the same conditions with 0.1% crystal violet. The following values of parameters were estimated for 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids - MIC = 0.03-15.63 mg/L, MBIC = 0.03-15.63 mg/L, MBIC/MIC = 0.125-8, depending on the compound, and for ciprofloxacin - MIC = 0.03-0.06 mg/L, MBIC = 0.03-0.12 mg/L, MBIC/MIC = 1-2. The observed strong anti-adhesive properties (95-100% inhibition) of the tested compounds were reversible during long-term incubation at subinhibitory concentrations. Thus, 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids may be considered as starting compounds for designing improved agents not only against planktonic but also against biofilm-forming Haemophilus spp. cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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16
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Sun E, Liang G, Wang L, Wei W, Lei M, Song S, Han R, Wang Y, Qi W. Antimicrobial susceptibility of hospital acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolate biofilms. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:365-73. [PMID: 27183359 PMCID: PMC9427592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We sought to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility of strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from clinical samples, and the role of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm in antibiotic resistance. METHODS Fifty-one clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were obtained from patients with nosocomial infection in the surgical wards and ICUs of six general hospitals in Tianjin, China. In vitro models of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms were established and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy with silver staining. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and biofilm inhibitory concentrations of commonly used antibiotics were determined. RESULTS 47 of 51 strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics. 42 of 51 strains formed Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms in vitro. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm formation greatly reduced sensitivity to most tested antibiotics, but not to levofloxacin. However, in the presence of erythromycin scanning electron microscopy revealed that levofloxacin inhibited Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm formation. Factorial ANOVA revealed that erythromycin enhanced susceptibility to levofloxacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and piperacillin (p<0.05), and an ΔE model revealed that levofloxacin and erythromycin acted synergistically in biofilms, suggesting specific use of combined macrolide therapy may represent an effective treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics could act synergistically to combat the protection conferred to clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by biofilms. Macrolide antibiotics may be effective where used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlin Sun
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Gehong Liang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Lining Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mingde Lei
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiduo Song
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifa Han
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yubao Wang
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Qi
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Department of Infectious Disease, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Determination of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in human sputum collected from cystic fibrosis patients using microextraction by packed sorbent-high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detector. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1419:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Yang YB, Wang S, Wang C, Huang QY, Bai JW, Chen JQ, Chen XY, Li YH. Emodin affects biofilm formation and expression of virulence factors in Streptococcus suis ATCC700794. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:1173-80. [PMID: 26446827 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a swine pathogen and also a zoonotic agent. In this study, the effects of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of emodin on biofilm formation by S. suis ATCC700794 were evaluated. As quantified by crystal violet staining, biofilm formation by S. suis ATCC700794 was dose-dependently decreased after growth with 1/2 MIC, 1/4 MIC, or 1/8 MIC of emodin. By scanning electron microscopy, the structural architecture of the S. suis ATCC700794 biofilms was examined following growth in culture medium supplemented with 1/2 MIC, 1/4 MIC, 1/8 MIC, or 1/16 MIC of emodin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the potential effect of emodin on biofilm formation by S. suis ATCC700794. The expression of luxS gene and virulence genes in S. suis ATCC700794 was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that sub-MICs of emodin significantly decreased the expression of gapdh, sly, fbps, ef, and luxS. However, it was found that sub-MICs of emodin significantly increased the expression of cps2J, mrp, and gdh. These findings showed that sub-MICs of emodin could cause the difference in the expression level of the virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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19
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García CA, Alcaraz ES, Franco MA, Passerini de Rossi BN. Iron is a signal for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, OMPs expression, and virulence. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:926. [PMID: 26388863 PMCID: PMC4559654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. In many bacteria iron availability regulates, through the Fur system, not only iron homeostasis but also virulence. The aim of this work was to assess the role of iron on S. maltophilia biofilm formation, EPS production, oxidative stress response, OMPs regulation, quorum sensing (QS), and virulence. Studies were done on K279a and its isogenic fur mutant F60 cultured in the presence or absence of dipyridyl. This is the first report of spontaneous fur mutants obtained in S. maltophilia. F60 produced higher amounts of biofilms than K279a and CLSM analysis demonstrated improved adherence and biofilm organization. Under iron restricted conditions, K279a produced biofilms with more biomass and enhanced thickness. In addition, F60 produced higher amounts of EPS than K279a but with a similar composition, as revealed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. With respect to the oxidative stress response, MnSOD was the only SOD isoenzyme detected in K279a. F60 presented higher SOD activity than the wt strain in planktonic and biofilm cultures, and iron deprivation increased K279a SOD activity. Under iron starvation, SDS-PAGE profile from K279a presented two iron-repressed proteins. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed homology with FepA and another putative TonB-dependent siderophore receptor of K279a. In silico analysis allowed the detection of potential Fur boxes in the respective coding genes. K279a encodes the QS diffusible signal factor (DSF). Under iron restriction K279a produced higher amounts of DSF than under iron rich condition. Finally, F60 was more virulent than K279a in the Galleria mellonella killing assay. These results put in evidence that iron levels regulate, likely through the Fur system, S. maltophilia biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, OMPs expression, DSF production and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana S Alcaraz
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta A Franco
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz N Passerini de Rossi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Busetti A, Thompson TP, Tegazzini D, Megaw J, Maggs CA, Gilmore BF. Antibiofilm Activity of the Brown Alga Halidrys siliquosa against Clinically Relevant Human Pathogens. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3581-605. [PMID: 26058011 PMCID: PMC4483646 DOI: 10.3390/md13063581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine brown alga Halidrys siliquosa is known to produce compounds with antifouling activity against several marine bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of organic extracts obtained from the marine brown alga H. siliquosa against a focused panel of clinically relevant human pathogens commonly associated with biofilm-related infections. The partially fractionated methanolic extract obtained from H. siliquosa collected along the shores of Co. Donegal; Ireland; displayed antimicrobial activity against bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Enterococcus; Pseudomonas; Stenotrophomonas; and Chromobacterium with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.0391 to 5 mg/mL. Biofilms of S. aureus MRSA were found to be susceptible to the algal methanolic extract with MBEC values ranging from 1.25 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy using LIVE/DEAD staining confirmed the antimicrobial nature of the antibiofilm activity observed using the MBEC assay. A bioassay-guided fractionation method was developed yielding 10 active fractions from which to perform purification and structural elucidation of clinically-relevant antibiofilm compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Busetti
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
| | - Thomas P Thompson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
| | - Diana Tegazzini
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
| | - Julianne Megaw
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
| | - Christine A Maggs
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Center, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL Belfast, UK.
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21
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Wu Z, Mirza H, Tan KSW. Intra-subtype variation in enteroadhesion accounts for differences in epithelial barrier disruption and is associated with metronidazole resistance in Blastocystis subtype-7. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2885. [PMID: 24851944 PMCID: PMC4031124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis is an extracellular, enteric pathogen that induces intestinal disorders in a range of hosts including humans. Recent studies have identified potential parasite virulence factors in and host responses to this parasite; however, little is known about Blastocystis-host attachment, which is crucial for colonization and virulence of luminal stages. By utilizing 7 different strains of the parasite belonging to two clinically relevant subtypes ST-4 and ST-7, we investigated Blastocystis-enterocyte adhesion and its association with parasite-induced epithelial barrier disruption. We also suggest that drug resistance in ST-7 strains might result in fitness cost that manifested as impairment of parasite adhesion and, consequently, virulence. ST-7 parasites were generally highly adhesive to Caco-2 cells and preferred binding to intercellular junctions. These strains also induced disruption of ZO-1 and occludin tight junction proteins as well as increased dextran-FITC flux across epithelial monolayers. Interestingly, their adhesion was correlated with metronidazole (Mz) susceptibility. Mz resistant (Mzr) strains were found to be less pathogenic, owing to compromised adhesion. Moreover, tolerance of nitrosative stress was also reduced in the Mzr strains. In conclusion, the findings indicate that Blastocystis attaches to intestinal epithelium and leads to epithelial barrier dysfunction and that drug resistance might entail a fitness cost in parasite virulence by limiting entero-adhesiveness. This is the first study of the cellular basis for strain-to-strain variation in parasite pathogenicity. Intra- and inter-subtype variability in cytopathogenicity provides a possible explanation for the diverse clinical outcomes of Blastocystis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaona Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haris Mirza
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Charlebois A, Jacques M, Archambault M. Biofilm formation of Clostridium perfringens and its exposure to low-dose antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:183. [PMID: 24795711 PMCID: PMC4001024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause food poisoning in humans and various enterotoxemia in animal species. Very little is known on the biofilm of C. perfringens and its exposure to subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials. This study was undertaken to address these issues. Most of the C. perfringens human and animal isolates tested in this study were able to form biofilm (230/277). Porcine clinical isolates formed significantly more biofilm than the porcine commensal isolates. A subgroup of clinical and commensal C. perfringens isolates was randomly selected for further characterization. Biofilm was found to protect C. perfringens bacterial cells from exposure to high concentrations of tested antimicrobials. Exposure to low doses of some of these antimicrobials tended to lead to a diminution of the biofilm formed. However, a few isolates showed an increase in biofilm formation when exposed to low doses of tylosin, bacitracin, virginiamycin, and monensin. Six isolates were randomly selected for biofilm analysis using scanning laser confocal microscopy. Of those, four produced more biofilm in presence of low doses of bacitracin whereas biofilms formed without bacitracin were thinner and less elevated. An increase in the area occupied by bacteria in the biofilm following exposure to low doses of bacitracin was also observed in the majority of isolates. Morphology examination revealed flat biofilms with the exception of one isolate that demonstrated a mushroom-like biofilm. Matrix composition analysis showed the presence of proteins, beta-1,4 linked polysaccharides and extracellular DNA, but no poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This study brings new information on the biofilm produced by C. perfringens and its exposure to low doses of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Charlebois
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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23
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Vidigal PG, Müsken M, Becker KA, Häussler S, Wingender J, Steinmann E, Kehrmann J, Gulbins E, Buer J, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Effects of green tea compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and biofilm. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92876. [PMID: 24690894 PMCID: PMC3972220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), a green tea component, against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Sm) isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In vitro effects of EGCg and the antibiotic colistin (COL) on growth inhibition, survival, and also against young and mature biofilms of S. maltophilia were determined. Qualitative and quantitative changes on the biofilms were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Further, in vivo effects of nebulized EGCg in C57BL/6 and Cftr mutant mice during acute Sm lung infection were evaluated. Subinhibitory concentrations of EGCg significantly reduced not only biofilm formation, but also the quantity of viable cells in young and mature biofilms. CLSM showed that EGCg-exposed biofilms exhibited either a change in total biofilm biovolume or an increase of the fraction of dead cells contained within the biofilm in a dose depended manner. Sm infected wild-type and Cftr mutant mice treated with 1,024 mg/L EGCg by inhalation exhibited significantly lower bacterial counts than those undergoing no treatment or treated with COL. EGCg displayed promising inhibitory and anti-biofilm properties against CF Sm isolates in vitro and significantly reduced Sm bacterial counts in an acute infection model with wild type and CF mice. This natural compound may represent a novel therapeutic agent against Sm infection in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedrina G. Vidigal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin A. Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute for Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jost Wingender
- Biofilm Center, Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Division of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Michael Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Bruchmann J, Kirchen S, Schwartz T. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and wastewater influencing biofilm formation and gene expression of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa wastewater isolates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3539-49. [PMID: 23392972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, which are found in environmental water systems and sewage plants due to an increased use in therapeutical and preventive fields, influence bacterial behavior in biofilms. The application of sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and roxithromycin induced changes in biofilm dynamics regarding biomass formation, spatial structure and specific gene expression in different Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Exposing multi-resistant environmental isolated strains for 17 h to environmental concentrations of antibiotics or wastewater, directly, an increase in biofilm biomass and thickness could be observed for each strain. Additionally, multi-resistant strains responded to the applied growth conditions with changes in transcriptional activity. Here, sub-inhibitory concentrations of macrolides specifically upregulated expression of quorum sensing genes (rhlR, lasI), whereas sulfonamides and municipal wastewater, instead upregulated expression of specific resistant genes (sul1) and efflux pumps (mexD). Antibiotic sensitive isolates demonstrated an overall higher transcriptionally activity, but did not show a specific gene response to the applied exogenous stimuli. Furthermore, the presence of low concentrated antibiotics induced also phenotypical change in the biofilm architecture observed by 3D-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bruchmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Microbiology of Natural and Technical Interfaces Department, Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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25
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Gomes DLR, Peixoto RS, Barbosa EAB, Napoleão F, Sabbadini PS, Dos Santos KRN, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Hirata R. SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:754-760. [PMID: 23449875 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.052373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subinhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of antibiotics may alter bacterial surface properties and change microbial physiology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a subMIC (⅛ MIC) of penicillin (PEN) and erythromycin (ERY) on bacterial morphology, haemagglutinating activity, cell-surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene surfaces, as well as the distribution of cell-surface acidic anionic residues of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (HC01 tox(-) strain; CDC-E8392 and 241 tox(+) strains). All micro-organisms tested were susceptible to PEN and ERY. Growth in the presence of PEN induced bacterial filamentation, whereas subMIC of ERY caused cell-size reduction of strains 241 and CDC-E8392. Adherence to human erythrocytes was reduced after growth in the presence of ERY, while CSH was increased by a subMIC of both antibiotics in bacterial adherence to n-hexadecane assays. Conversely, antibiotic inhibition of biofilm formation was not observed. All strains enhanced biofilm formation on glass after treatment with ERY, while only strain 241 increased glass adherence after cultivation in the presence of PEN. Biofilm production on polystyrene surfaces was improved by ⅛ MIC of ERY. After growth in the presence of both antimicrobial agents, strains 241 and CDC-E8392 exhibited anionic surface charges with focal distribution. In conclusion, subMICs of PEN and ERY modified bacterial surface properties and enhanced not only biofilm formation but also cell-surface hydrophobicity. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation may contribute to the inconsistent success of antimicrobial therapy for C. diphtheriae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L R Gomes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - R S Peixoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - E A B Barbosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - F Napoleão
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - P S Sabbadini
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - K R N Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - A L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - R Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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26
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Hurley M, Smyth A. Fluoroquinolones in the treatment of bronchopulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2012; 6:363-73. [PMID: 22968160 PMCID: PMC3509170 DOI: 10.1177/1753465812459899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are commonly used to treat lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. These patients are susceptible to lung infection with common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, but are also prone to infection by opportunistic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The good oral bioavailability and broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity, including antipseudomonal properties, make this class of antimicrobial attractive. We review the evidence assessing the use of fluoroquinolones in the context of preventing and eradicating early lung infection and in managing chronic lung infection and pulmonary exacerbations. The safety of fluoroquinolones and the use of newer agents in the class are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hurley
- Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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27
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrug-resistant global opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence of nosocomial and community-acquired S. maltophilia infections is of particular concern for immunocompromised individuals, as this bacterial pathogen is associated with a significant fatality/case ratio. S. maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in aqueous habitats, including plant rhizospheres, animals, foods, and water sources. Infections of S. maltophilia can occur in a range of organs and tissues; the organism is commonly found in respiratory tract infections. This review summarizes the current literature and presents S. maltophilia as an organism with various molecular mechanisms used for colonization and infection. S. maltophilia can be recovered from polymicrobial infections, most notably from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients, as a cocolonizer with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recent evidence of cell-cell communication between these pathogens has implications for the development of novel pharmacological therapies. Animal models of S. maltophilia infection have provided useful information about the type of host immune response induced by this opportunistic pathogen. Current and emerging treatments for patients infected with S. maltophilia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Brooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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28
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Ding X, Yin B, Qian L, Zeng Z, Yang Z, Li H, Lu Y, Zhou S. Screening for novel quorum-sensing inhibitors to interfere with the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1827-1834. [PMID: 21852522 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.024166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to screen for novel quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. Six of 46 active components found in TCMs were identified as putative QSIs based on molecular docking studies. Of these, three compounds inhibited biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia at a concentration of 200 µM. A fourth compound (emodin) significantly inhibited biofilm formation at 20 µM and induced proteolysis of the quorum-sensing signal receptor TraR in Escherichia coli at a concentration of 3-30 mM. Emodin also increased the activity of ampicillin against P. aeruginosa. Therefore, emodin might be suitable for development into an antivirulence and antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Ding
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Bo Yin
- LED, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Li Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zeliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yongjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shining Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-sen) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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29
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Abbott IJ, Slavin MA, Turnidge JD, Thursky KA, Worth LJ. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: emerging disease patterns and challenges for treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9:471-88. [PMID: 21504403 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous organism associated with opportunistic infections. In the immunocompromised host, increasing prevalence and severity of illness is observed, particularly opportunistic bloodstream infections and pneumonia syndromes. In this article, the classification and microbiology are outlined, together with clinical presentation, outcomes and management of infections due to S. maltophilia. Although virulence mechanisms and the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance have been identified, a role for standardized and uniform reporting of antibiotic sensitivity is not defined. Infections due to S. maltophilia have traditionally been treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, or fluoroquinolone agents. The use of combination therapies, newer fluoroquinolone agents and tetracycline derivatives is discussed. Finally, measures to prevent transmission of S. maltophilia within healthcare facilities are reported, especially in at-risk patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J Abbott
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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30
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Pompilio A, Pomponio S, Crocetta V, Gherardi G, Verginelli F, Fiscarelli E, Dicuonzo G, Savini V, D'Antonio D, Di Bonaventura G. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis: genome diversity, biofilm formation, and virulence. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:159. [PMID: 21729271 PMCID: PMC3146419 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is emerging as one of the most frequently found bacteria in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the present study, phenotypic and genotypic traits of a set of 98 isolates of S. maltophilia obtained from clinical (CF and non-CF patients) and environmental sources were comparatively evaluated. Results S. maltophilia exhibited a high level of genomic diversity in both CF and non-CF group, thus possibly allowing this bacterium to expand its pathogenic potentials. Strains sharing the same pulsotype infected different patients, thus likely indicating the occurrence of clonal spread or acquisition by a common source. CF isolates differed greatly in some phenotypic traits among each other and also when compared with non-CF isolates, demonstrating increased mean generation time and susceptibility to oxidative stress, but reduced ability in forming biofilm. Furthermore, in CF isolates flagella- and type IV pili-based motilities were critical for biofilm development, although not required for its initiation. Sequential isogenic strains isolated from the same CF patient displayed heterogeneity in biofilm and other phenotypic traits during the course of chronic infection. CF and non-CF isolates showed comparable virulence in a mouse model of lung infection. Conclusions Overall, the phenotypic differences observed between CF and non-CF isolates may imply different selective conditions and persistence (adaptation) mechanisms in a hostile and heterogeneous environment such as CF lung. Molecular elucidation of these mechanisms will be essential to better understand the selective adaptation in CF airways in order to design improved strategies useful to counteract and eradicate S. maltophilia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Via Colle dell'Ara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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31
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Pour NK, Dusane DH, Dhakephalkar PK, Zamin FR, Zinjarde SS, Chopade BA. Biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from urinary tract infection and urinary catheters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 62:328-38. [PMID: 21569125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fifty Acinetobacter isolates were obtained from urinary tract infections and urinary catheter samples. Analytical profile index assays identified 47 isolates as Acinetobacter baumannii and three as Acinetobacter lwoffii. Six A. baumannii isolates (A1-A6) displayed hydrophobicity indices >70%. Twenty isolates exhibited lectin activity. Biofilm formation by these isolates was compared with those with low hydrophobicity index values (A45-A50). Biofilms on different surfaces were confirmed by light microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy and by obtaining scanning electron microscope images. Biofilm production was maximal at 30 °C, pH 7.0 in a medium with 5.0 g L(-1) NaCl, and its efficiency was reduced on urinary catheter surfaces at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration concentrations of colistin. Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance was observed in selected isolates of A. baumannii and experiments of conjugation and transformation showed the occurrence of gene transfer. Plasmid curing was used to examine the function of plasmids. Five plasmids of A. baumannii A3 were cured but no differences were observed between wild-type and plasmid-cured strains with respect to the biofilm formation capabilities. The prevalence of A. baumannii strains with biofilm mode of growth could explain their ability to persist in clinical environments and their role in device-related infections.
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