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Chesdachai S, Baddour LM, Sohail MR, Palraj BR, Madhavan M, Tabaja H, McGinnis MT, Fida M, Challener DW, DeSimone DC. Outcome of Corynebacterial Bloodstream Infection in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Brief Report and Systematic Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae441. [PMID: 39161858 PMCID: PMC11331626 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device infection in the context of corynebacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) remains poorly understood. From 2012 to 2023 at Mayo Clinic, 4 of 12 patients with corynebacterial BSI had cardiac implantable electronic device infection: 1 patient was diagnosed during a relapsing BSI episode. Undefined source, persistent BSI, and the presence of a prosthetic cardiac valve were common characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Rizwan Sohail
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bharath Raj Palraj
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Malini Madhavan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hussam Tabaja
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Madiha Fida
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas W Challener
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C DeSimone
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Arnés-García D, Lucena-Torres L, Bustos-Merlo A, Rosales-Castillo A, Hidalgo-Tenorio C. Infective Endocarditis Due to Corynebacterium jeikeium: Four Case Reports and Narrative Review of the Literature. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1337. [PMID: 39065105 PMCID: PMC11278816 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium, a pleomorphic Gram-positive bacillus, is a common component of the cutaneous microbiota, usually considered as a contaminant, with little pathogenic potential. However, its role in various types of infections, such as bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis (IE) and infection of prosthetic material is gradually being proven. Few cases of IE due to Corynebacterium jeikeium have been described in the literature. The aim of this article was to describe four cases of IE due to Corynebacterium jeikeium diagnosed in our hospital between May 2021 and April 2022, as well as to conduct a narrative review of the literature on this entity. After analysis, we highlight that 65.6% were men, 81.3% were valve or intravascular device carriers, and IE cases presented early, before one year after surgery. The most affected valve was the aortic valve (68.8%), followed by the mitral valve (21.1%). Valve replacement was performed in 65.6% of cases, and the most commonly used antibiotic was vancomycin (68.8%) at a dose of 15 mg/kg/12 h. With respect to prognosis, the overall mortality rate was 21.9%. The comparative results between our series and the literature review were similar except for a higher mortality rate (50%) and the use of dalbavancin in the treatment. We go on to review previously reported cases, along with four cases described in our hospital, of C. jeikeium endocarditis and will discuss various aspects of C. jeikeium infection, focusing on microbiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arnés-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Laura Lucena-Torres
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Bustos-Merlo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-T.); (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
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Yamamuro R, Hosokawa N, Otsuka Y, Osawa R. Clinical Characteristics of Corynebacterium Bacteremia Caused by Different Species, Japan, 2014-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27. [PMID: 34812137 PMCID: PMC8632174 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.210473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium bacteremia is most commonly caused by C. striatum or C. jeikeium. To determine differences in clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by Corynebacterium striatum, C. jeikeium, and other species of Corynebacterium, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients in Japan who had Corynebacterium bacteremia during January 2014–May 2020. Of the 115 records evaluated, 60 (52%) were cases of true bacteremia and 55 (48%) were cases of contamination. Proportions of true bacteremia cases caused by C. striatum (70%) and by C. jeikeium (71%) were significantly higher than those caused by other species of Corynebacterium (9%). These 2 organisms were commonly detected in blood cultures of patients with hematologic malignancies and neutropenia. The mortality rates at 90 days were 34% (C. striatum), 30% (C. jeikeium), and 0 (other species). Given the high mortality rates, assessing true bacteremia when C. striatum or C. jeikeium is detected in blood cultures, especially in patients with hematologic malignancy, is warranted.
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Gupta R, Popli T, Ranchal P, Khosla J, Aronow WS, Frishman WH, El Khoury MY. Corynebacterium Jeikeium Endocarditis: A Review of the Literature. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:259-262. [PMID: 32976125 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium is a gram-positive, aerobic, pleomorphic, nonspore forming bacillus, commonly present on the skin surface. Infective endocarditis secondary to C. jeikeium most commonly affects left-sided heart valves and has a higher likelihood to require valve replacement compared to other Corynebacterium endocarditis. C. jeikeium endocarditis is extremely difficult to treat as it is characteristically resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, and sensitivity to quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines and rifampin is variable. Despite treatment, mortality rates as high as 33% have been reported. We hereby review the literature regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this deadly microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gupta
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Tarun Popli
- Division of Infectious Disease, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Purva Ranchal
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Jagjit Khosla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Division of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Division of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Marc Y El Khoury
- Division of Infectious Disease, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Garcia RA, Gaznabi S, Musoke L, Osnard M, Balakumaran K, Armitage KB, Al-Kindi SG, Ginwalla M, Abu-Omar Y, Elamm CA. LVAD Vasculitis Case Series: Suggestion of a New Fatal LVAD-Related Phenomenon. JACC Case Rep 2021; 3:1013-1017. [PMID: 34317675 PMCID: PMC8311371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are surgically implanted mechanical devices indicated for patients with advanced heart failure and are known to come with several complications. Here we present a case series, and review 1 documented report, of LVAD vasculitis, a presumed new LVAD immune/humoral related phenomenon. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Angel Garcia
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Raul Angel Garcia, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, 4401 Wornall Road, CV Research 9th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA.
| | - Safwan Gaznabi
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lewis Musoke
- Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Osnard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathir Balakumaran
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith B. Armitage
- Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sadeer G. Al-Kindi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahazarin Ginwalla
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yasir Abu-Omar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chantal A. Elamm
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Moloi M, Lenetha GG, Malebo NJ. Microbial levels on street foods and food preparation surfaces in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. Health SA 2021; 26:1407. [PMID: 33604058 PMCID: PMC7876954 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The street food sector has become an important component of the food distribution system in many cities in both developing and industrialised countries, particularly for midday meals. However, certain street food can pose a significant risk to consumers because of microbiological contamination. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the microbial levels of street foods and preparation surfaces in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. Setting The study selected study setting was vending sites close to taxi ranks where prepared meals were accessible to consumers. Methods The study was conducted in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality during the winter season. Samples were collected through convenience sampling from the representative towns Thaba Nchu, Botshabelo and Bloemfontein. Using swabs, surface samples were collected and quantified from selective media. Eight beef samples were also collected; the microbial load on each sample was quantified and identified using a RapID kit. Results The surface swabs obtained in Botshabelo (1.1 × 104 cfu/m2 – 1.1 × 106 cfu/m2) showed higher microbial counts as compared to those obtained in Bloemfontein (1.1 × 104 cfu/m2 – 1.1 × 105 cfu/m2) and Thaba Nchu (1.1 × 104 cfu/m2 – 1.1 × 105 cfu/m2). Higher microbial counts were observed on meat samples sampled in Thaba Nchu (50 cfu/g x 105 cfu/g), Bloemfontein (48 cfu/g x 104 cfu/g) and Botshabelo (33 cfu/g x 105 cfu/g) when compared to international microbiological standards. After assessing the microbial levels, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida guilliermondii, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus and Peptostreptococcus tetradius were identified. Conclusion This study confirmed contamination of surfaces and food served by vendors in Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. The identified foodborne bacteria could pose a public health problem in each specific locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malerato Moloi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gaofetoge G Lenetha
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ntsoaki J Malebo
- Centre for Innovation in Learning and Teaching (CILT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Imoto W, Takahashi Y, Yamada K, Hojo K, Kawase T, Sakon Y, Kuwabara G, Yamairi K, Shibata W, Oshima K, Ogawa M, Niki M, Nakaie K, Watanabe T, Asai K, Kaneko Y, Kawaguchi T, Shibata T, Kakeya H. Corynebacterium jeikeium-induced infective endocarditis and perivalvular abscess diagnosed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:906-910. [PMID: 33549416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corynebacterium jeikeium normally presents on human skin, and it is often judged as contamination when it is cultured from blood. C. jeikeium can cause infective endocarditis, especially, that associated with cardiac surgery and prosthetic valvular endocarditis. CASE REPORT A 66-year-old Japanese male patient was diagnosed with C. jeikeium-induced infective endocarditis (IE) and perivalvular abscess after a coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement with bioprosthesis; pyogenic spondylodiscitis was also observed. Patch repair for aortic valve annulus and re-Bentall procedure with bioprosthesis was performed for IE and perivalvular abscess. The causative bacterium was confirmed as C. jeikeium on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of surgical sample and positive blood culture. The patient underwent six weeks of intravenous antibacterial treatment with vancomycin and an additional two weeks of oral treatment with linezolid, following which, his condition improved. Corynebacterium jeikeium can cause infective endocarditis and perivalvular abscess, which is a more severe condition than IE. CONCLUSION 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing is useful in diagnosing bacterial species that can cause contamination, such as Corynebacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waki Imoto
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kana Hojo
- Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kawase
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Sakon
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Gaku Kuwabara
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Yamairi
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Wataru Shibata
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Oshima
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Masashi Ogawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Makoto Niki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakaie
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Kaneko
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
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Rezaei Bookani K, Marcus R, Cheikh E, Parish M, Salahuddin U. Corynebacterium jeikeium endocarditis: A case report and comprehensive review of an underestimated infection. IDCases 2017; 11:26-30. [PMID: 29619320 PMCID: PMC5881414 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphtheroids are gram-positive pleomorphic bacilli in the family of Coryneform bacteria. These organisms are present as part of the human flora. Past practice habits had been to consider them as contaminants when isolated from clinical samples. Corynebacterium jeikeium is one of the most clinically important nondiphtherial Corynebacteria that can cause different forms of infections specifically in patients with underlying risk factors and co-morbidities including immunocompromised subjects. Through this article, we present a 67-year-old gentleman with extensive co-morbidities including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and ESRD on hemodialysis through a femoral catheter who presented with chest pain and fatigue. Further investigation confirmed diagnosis of C. jeikeium endocarditis. We go on to review previously reported cases of C. jeikeium endocarditis and we will discuss different aspects of C. jeikeium infection with a focus on microbiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Rezaei Bookani
- MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 South Hanover St, Baltimore, MD 21225, United States
| | - Rachel Marcus
- Cardiology Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, United States
| | - Eyad Cheikh
- Internal Medicine Department, MedStar Harbor Hospital, United States
| | - Monireh Parish
- Internal Medicine Department, Providence Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Usman Salahuddin
- Cardiology Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, United States
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Tayebjee MH, Joy ER, Sandoe JA. Can implantable cardiac electronic device infections be defined as ‘early’ or ‘late’ based on the cause of infection? J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1215-1219. [PMID: 23699068 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.057042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable cardiac electronic device (ICED) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the pathogenesis of these infections is important in their prevention and management. We hypothesized that ICED infections could be classified as ‘early’ or ‘late’, based on differences in microbiological cause within or beyond 1 year of implantation, respectively. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken to test this hypothesis. Prosthetic valve endocarditis cases were included for comparison. Articles were included if the time from device implantation to infection, definite evidence of infection (pocket/bacteraemia/endocarditis) and a positive microbiological diagnosis were included. There were no statistically significant differences in microbiology to support a 1 year cut-off between early and late ICED infection. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant causes of ICED infection both within and beyond 1 year of ICED implantation. To further assess the microbiological causes of ICEDs and their implications for pathogenesis a large-scale multi-centre study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzahir H. Tayebjee
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Eleanor R. Joy
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Jonathan A. Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, UK
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Konstantinov KN, Emil SN, Barry M, Kellie S, Tzamaloukas AH. Glomerular disease in patients with infectious processes developing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. ISRN NEPHROLOGY 2013; 2013:324315. [PMID: 24959541 PMCID: PMC4045435 DOI: 10.5402/2013/324315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify differences in treatment and outcome of various types of glomerulonephritis developing in the course of infections triggering antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) formation, we analyzed published reports of 50 patients. Immunosuppressives were added to antibiotics in 22 of 23 patients with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Improvement was noted in 85% of 20 patients with information on outcomes. Death rate was 13%. Corticosteroids were added to antibiotics in about 50% of 19 patients with postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Improvement rate was 74%, and death rate was 26%. Two patients with mixed histological features were analyzed under both pauci-immune and post-infectious glomerulonephritis categories. In 9 patients with other renal histology, treatment consisted of antibiotics alone (7 patients), antibiotics plus immunosuppressives (1 patient), or immunosuppressives alone (1 patient). Improvement rate was 67%, permanent renal failure rate was 22%, and death rate was 11%. One patient with antiglomerular basement disease glomerulonephritis required maintenance hemodialysis. Glomerulonephritis developing in patients who became ANCA-positive during the course of an infection is associated with significant mortality. The histological type of the glomerulonephritis guides the choice of treatment. Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis is usually treated with addition of immunosuppressives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Konstantinov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Suzanne N. Emil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Marc Barry
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, BMSB, Room 335, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Susan Kellie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Antonios H. Tzamaloukas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, VA Medical Center (111C), 1501 San Pedro, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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