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Gupta R, Popli T, Ranchal P, Khosla J, Aronow WS, Frishman WH, El Khoury MY. Corynebacterium Jeikeium Endocarditis: A Review of the Literature. Cardiol Rev 2021; 29:259-262. [PMID: 32976125 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium jeikeium is a gram-positive, aerobic, pleomorphic, nonspore forming bacillus, commonly present on the skin surface. Infective endocarditis secondary to C. jeikeium most commonly affects left-sided heart valves and has a higher likelihood to require valve replacement compared to other Corynebacterium endocarditis. C. jeikeium endocarditis is extremely difficult to treat as it is characteristically resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, and sensitivity to quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines and rifampin is variable. Despite treatment, mortality rates as high as 33% have been reported. We hereby review the literature regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this deadly microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gupta
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Tarun Popli
- Division of Infectious Disease, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Purva Ranchal
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Jagjit Khosla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Division of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
- Division of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Marc Y El Khoury
- Division of Infectious Disease, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Garcia RA, Gaznabi S, Musoke L, Osnard M, Balakumaran K, Armitage KB, Al-Kindi SG, Ginwalla M, Abu-Omar Y, Elamm CA. LVAD Vasculitis Case Series: Suggestion of a New Fatal LVAD-Related Phenomenon. JACC Case Rep 2021; 3:1013-1017. [PMID: 34317675 PMCID: PMC8311371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are surgically implanted mechanical devices indicated for patients with advanced heart failure and are known to come with several complications. Here we present a case series, and review 1 documented report, of LVAD vasculitis, a presumed new LVAD immune/humoral related phenomenon. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Angel Garcia
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Raul Angel Garcia, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, 4401 Wornall Road, CV Research 9th Floor, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA.
| | - Safwan Gaznabi
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lewis Musoke
- Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Osnard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathir Balakumaran
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith B. Armitage
- Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sadeer G. Al-Kindi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahazarin Ginwalla
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yasir Abu-Omar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chantal A. Elamm
- Department of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Imoto W, Takahashi Y, Yamada K, Hojo K, Kawase T, Sakon Y, Kuwabara G, Yamairi K, Shibata W, Oshima K, Ogawa M, Niki M, Nakaie K, Watanabe T, Asai K, Kaneko Y, Kawaguchi T, Shibata T, Kakeya H. Corynebacterium jeikeium-induced infective endocarditis and perivalvular abscess diagnosed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:906-910. [PMID: 33549416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corynebacterium jeikeium normally presents on human skin, and it is often judged as contamination when it is cultured from blood. C. jeikeium can cause infective endocarditis, especially, that associated with cardiac surgery and prosthetic valvular endocarditis. CASE REPORT A 66-year-old Japanese male patient was diagnosed with C. jeikeium-induced infective endocarditis (IE) and perivalvular abscess after a coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement with bioprosthesis; pyogenic spondylodiscitis was also observed. Patch repair for aortic valve annulus and re-Bentall procedure with bioprosthesis was performed for IE and perivalvular abscess. The causative bacterium was confirmed as C. jeikeium on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of surgical sample and positive blood culture. The patient underwent six weeks of intravenous antibacterial treatment with vancomycin and an additional two weeks of oral treatment with linezolid, following which, his condition improved. Corynebacterium jeikeium can cause infective endocarditis and perivalvular abscess, which is a more severe condition than IE. CONCLUSION 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing is useful in diagnosing bacterial species that can cause contamination, such as Corynebacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waki Imoto
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kana Hojo
- Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kawase
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Sakon
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Gaku Kuwabara
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Yamairi
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Wataru Shibata
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Oshima
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Masashi Ogawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Makoto Niki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Nakaie
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Kaneko
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Department of Infection Control Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan.
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Konstantinov KN, Emil SN, Barry M, Kellie S, Tzamaloukas AH. Glomerular disease in patients with infectious processes developing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. ISRN NEPHROLOGY 2013; 2013:324315. [PMID: 24959541 PMCID: PMC4045435 DOI: 10.5402/2013/324315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify differences in treatment and outcome of various types of glomerulonephritis developing in the course of infections triggering antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) formation, we analyzed published reports of 50 patients. Immunosuppressives were added to antibiotics in 22 of 23 patients with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Improvement was noted in 85% of 20 patients with information on outcomes. Death rate was 13%. Corticosteroids were added to antibiotics in about 50% of 19 patients with postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Improvement rate was 74%, and death rate was 26%. Two patients with mixed histological features were analyzed under both pauci-immune and post-infectious glomerulonephritis categories. In 9 patients with other renal histology, treatment consisted of antibiotics alone (7 patients), antibiotics plus immunosuppressives (1 patient), or immunosuppressives alone (1 patient). Improvement rate was 67%, permanent renal failure rate was 22%, and death rate was 11%. One patient with antiglomerular basement disease glomerulonephritis required maintenance hemodialysis. Glomerulonephritis developing in patients who became ANCA-positive during the course of an infection is associated with significant mortality. The histological type of the glomerulonephritis guides the choice of treatment. Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis is usually treated with addition of immunosuppressives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Konstantinov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Suzanne N. Emil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Marc Barry
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, BMSB, Room 335, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Susan Kellie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Antonios H. Tzamaloukas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, VA Medical Center (111C), 1501 San Pedro, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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