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Senthakumaran T, Tannæs TM, Moen AEF, Brackmann SA, Jahanlu D, Rounge TB, Bemanian V, Tunsjø HS. Detection of colorectal-cancer-associated bacterial taxa in fecal samples using next-generation sequencing and 19 newly established qPCR assays. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38970464 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified increased levels of distinct bacterial taxa within mucosal biopsies from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Following prior research, the aim of this study was to investigate the detection of the same CRC-associated bacteria in fecal samples and to evaluate the suitability of fecal samples as a non-invasive material for the detection of CRC-associated bacteria. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) V4 region was performed to evaluate the detection of the CRC-associated bacteria in the fecal microbiota of cancer patients, patients with adenomatous polyp and healthy controls. Furthermore, 19 novel species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were established to detect the CRC-associated bacteria. Approximately, 75% of the bacterial taxa identified in biopsies were reflected in fecal samples. NGS failed to detect low-abundance CRC-associated taxa in fecal samples, whereas qPCR exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in identifying all targeted taxa. Comparison of fecal microbial composition between the different patient groups showed enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Gemella morbillorum in cancer patients. Our findings suggest that low-abundance mucosa-associated bacteria can be detected in fecal samples using sensitive qPCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tone M Tannæs
- Section for Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina E F Moen
- Section for Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan A Brackmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - David Jahanlu
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Trine B Rounge
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vahid Bemanian
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hege S Tunsjø
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
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2
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Zu X, Xin J, Xie H, Xu X, Shen Y, Wang J, Tian S, Wen Y, Li H, Yang J, Fang Y. Characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolic phenotype in patients with major depressive disorder based on multi-omics analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:563-576. [PMID: 37863362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a chronic, relapsing mental illness, often accompanied by loss of appetite, increased fatigue, insomnia and poor concentration. Here, we performed serum and urine metabolomics and fecal 16S rDNA sequencing studies on 57 unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 57 healthy controls to characterize the metabolic and flora profile of MDD patients. We observed significant differences in serum and urinary metabolome between MDD patients and healthy individuals. Specifically, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly disordered in serum, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism were significantly impaired in urine. On this basis, we identified four potential diagnostic biomarkers for carnitine and four fatty acid classes in serum and urine, respectively. In addition, we observed significant disturbances of the gut microbiota in MDD patients. Spearman correlation analysis showed that imbalances in the gut microbiota were associated with metabolic disturbances, suggesting an important role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of MDD. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenesis of depression and for future clinical diagnosis and screening, as well as a basis for targeting the gut flora to optimize its structure for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haisheng Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Saisai Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yukun Wen
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, China.
| | - Jishun Yang
- Medical Security Center, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Research, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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3
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Lee M, Choi YJ, Farooq A, Jeong JB, Jung MY. Granulicatella seriolae sp. nov., a Novel Facultative Anaerobe Isolated from Yellowtail Marine Fish. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:13. [PMID: 38001383 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial strain, designated as S8T, was isolated from the gut contents of Seriola quinqueradiata from the coastal sea area of Jeju Island, South Korea. The strain is a Gram-staining positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic coccus. Optimal growth was observed at 30 °C, pH 8.0-9.0, and 0-0.5% w/v NaCl, under anaerobic conditions. The predominant fatty acids were C18:1 ω9c, C16:0, C18:0, and C16:1 ω9c, while quinone was not detected. The genome was 2,224,566 bp long, with a GC content of 38.2%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain S8T had 96.2% similarity with Granulicatella adiacens ATCC 49175T, its closest known species according to nomenclature. The DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between strain S8T and G. adiacens ATCC 49175T were 25.7%, 85.5%, and 77.2%, respectively, all of which fall below the recommended threshold for species differentiation. Based on genomic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that strain S8T should be a novel species within the genus Granulicatella, for with the name Granulicatella seriolae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S8T (KCTC 43438T = JCM 35604T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunglip Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advance Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeel Farooq
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences (RIBS), Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Young Jung
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advance Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biology Education, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Warren A, Amin A, Elsaygh J, Pink K. Granulicatella adiacens Endocarditis of a Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve. Cureus 2023; 15:e40720. [PMID: 37485169 PMCID: PMC10360141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is relatively uncommon; however, when it is diagnosed, it is usually among those with known cardiac valvular abnormalities. The most common pathogens that cause endocarditis are streptococci (mainly viridans), enterococci, and other streptococci species. An extremely rare pathogen that could cause IE is Granulicatella. This gram-positive coccus classically inhabits human mucosal surfaces and only rarely causes disease. We present an incredibly rare case of a 74-year-old female with a bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement, who presented with headache and weakness and was subsequently found to have recurrent Granulicatella adiacens infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Warren
- Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Adina Amin
- Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Jude Elsaygh
- Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Kevin Pink
- Internal Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, USA
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García-Casallas J, Patiño-Salazar K, Tuta-Quintero E, Molina-Ardila M. Liver abscess due to Granulicatella adiacens in an immunocompetent patient: Case report. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:22-26. [PMID: 37167469 PMCID: PMC10468023 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyogenic liver abscesses due to Granulicatella adiacens are infections associated with high mortality, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The main microorganisms associated with liver abscesses are Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, though it may also be polymicrobial. However, case reports describing liver infection by Granulicatella adiacens are scarce. We present the case of an immunocompetent adult patient who presented 15 days of evolution consisting of quantified fever peaks associated with asthenia, adynamia, chills, jaundice and coluria. The initial clinical examination revealed a generalized icteric tint without abdominal pain, and blood pressure with a tendency to hypotension. Biliopancreatic confluent neoplasia, secondary cholangitis and sepsis of biliary origin were suspected, initiating fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy; blood cultures and complementary diagnostic studies were taken. Hepatobiliary ultrasound with evidence of an abscess of 73 x 62 mm in segment IV; the bile duct and pancreas were within normal limits. To better characterize the lesion evidenced in the liver, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen was performed. The patient completed antibiotic management with ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and metronidazole in good condition and was successfully discharged. This is the first pyogenic liver abscess reported caused by Granulicatella adiacens in an immunocompetent patient, in whom early microbiological diagnosis in conjunction with targeted antibiotic treatment and percutaneous drainage of the lesion was decisive in the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio García-Casallas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia; Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
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6
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Erwes T, Godshall C. Abiotrophia defectiva meningitis following ventriculoperitoneal shunt repair: Case report and literature review. IDCases 2023; 31:e01708. [PMID: 36817943 PMCID: PMC9931922 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abiotrophia defectiva is an uncommon and potentially severe cause of bacterial meningitis that can be seen in the setting of neurosurgical procedures. We describe here a case of A. defectiva meningitis in a patient with VP shunt revision. Case report The patient is a 59-year-old female with VP shunt placed several years prior in the setting of normal pressure hydrocephalus. She underwent successful shunt repair following worsening gait abnormalities. On post-operative day 8 she was brought to the emergency room with fevers, photophobia and altered mentation. CSF cultures returned positive for A. defectiva and she was treated with intravenous vancomycin. Due to the presence of retained hardware she was discharged on chronic suppressive therapy with oral amoxicillin. Conclusion This case illustrates A. defectiva as a cause of bacterial meningitis following neurosurgical intervention. It is important to consider this fastidious organism and tailor antimicrobial therapy appropriately to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. As was the case with our patient, suppressive therapy may be warranted in setting of retained hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Erwes
- Correspondence to: 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030.
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7
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Deptová J, Gombošová L, Felšöci M, Schréterová E. Granulicatella elegans infective endocarditis: A case report. J Int Med Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03000605221135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella elegans is a rare cause of infective endocarditis, accounting for 1–2% of all cases. It is well recognized that this pathogen can present in association with negative blood cultures. There are higher rates of both relapse and mortality compared with endocarditis caused by other bacteria. Microbiological diagnosis can be especially challenging because many conventional blood culture media lack pyridoxal, which can be found in automated blood culture broths like BACTEC™ or BACT/ALERT® and thus they may require ‘helper’ bacteria to be culture the organism. This current case report describes a 66-year-old male patient with a 10-year history of post-inflammatory combined aortic valve disease (moderate aortic stenosis and mild aortic regurgitation). He presented with a 3-month history of recurrent fever and general deterioration. Despite targeted, prolonged, combined antibiotic treatment with intravenous penicillin and gentamicin, surgery was eventually required. An aortic prosthetic valve implantation was performed with good results. In case of subacute endocarditis, especially when a causative organism proves difficult to detect, G. elegans should be considered. Identification is greatly enhanced by using polymerase chain reaction methods and this test should be considered in all cases of culture negative endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Deptová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Pavel Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Laura Gombošová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Pavel Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Felšöci
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, L. Pasteur University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Pavel Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Schréterová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, L. Pasteur University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Pavel Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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8
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Angerami Almeida K, de Queiroz Andrade E, Burns G, Hoedt EC, Mattes J, Keely S, Collison A. The microbiota in eosinophilic esophagitis: A systematic review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1673-1684. [PMID: 35730344 PMCID: PMC9544137 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic disease of the esophagus that has shown a significant increase in incidence and prevalence in the last 20 years. The etiology of EoE is unclear, and few studies explore the esophageal microbiota in EoE. The local microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and eczema. In this study, we performed a systematic review to evaluate differences in the microbiota profile of patients with EoE compared with controls. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases were searched to identify studies investigating the microbiota composition in EoE. Three reviewers screened the articles for eligibility and quality. Seven articles underwent full-text review, and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. The microbiota of the mouth and esophagus are correlated. Patients with active EoE present increased esophageal microbial load and increased abundance in particular species, such as Haemophilus and Aggregatibacter. On the other hand, EoE patients present a decrease in Firmicutes. High microbial load and abundance of Haemophilus are observed in EoE patients, but little evidence exists to demonstrate their influence on inflammation and disease. Understanding microbial signatures in EoE might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylani Angerami Almeida
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) ProgramHunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ediane de Queiroz Andrade
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) ProgramHunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Grace Burns
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emily C Hoedt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) ProgramHunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Digestive HealthThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Adam Collison
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research InstituteUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Viruses, Infection, Immunity, Vaccine and Asthma (VIVA) ProgramHunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New Lambton HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
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9
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An extensive description of the microbiological effects of silver diamine fluoride on dental biofilms using an oral in situ model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7435. [PMID: 35523839 PMCID: PMC9076617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been long studied in laboratories, and its clinical effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of root caries has been reported. In the present study, we assessed the microbiological effects of SDF on dental biofilms grown on demineralized dentin in situ. Specifically, demineralized bovine root dentin slabs used as biofilm substrates were treated with 38% SDF, and the biofilms formed after this treatment were analyzed via real-time PCR, DEAD/LIVE cell staining, and SEM. Next, the viable cell count was determined, and microbial profiles were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Untreated slabs were used as controls. We observed significant decreases in viable cell counts (p < 0.05), number of biofilm-forming cells (p < 0.01), biofilm thickness (p < 0.01), and high proportion of dead cells with SDF treatment (p < 0.01). The microcolonies in the SDF-treated biofilms showed less complexity, and only a limited number of genera were differentially abundant between the groups. Microbial diversity index comparisons showed no significant differences between the groups with respect to treatments days (p = 0.362). Thus, SDF negatively influenced dental biofilm growth on demineralized root dentin in situ; however, its antimicrobial action did not target a specific oral taxon.
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10
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Sun S, Lei OK, Nie J, Shi Q, Xu Y, Kong Z. Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Exercise Training on Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:884550. [PMID: 35592627 PMCID: PMC9110973 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.884550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was aimed to evaluate the effects of low-carbohydrate diet (LC) and incorporated high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on gut microbiota, and the associations between changes in gut microbiota and cardiometabolic health-related profiles.MethodsFifty overweight/obese Chinese females (age 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index 25.1 ± 3.1 kg/m–2) were randomized to the groups of LC, LC and HIIT (LC-HIIT, 10 repetitions of 6-s sprints and 9-s rest), and LC and MICT group (LC-MICT, cycling at 50–60% V̇O2peak for 30 min). The LC-HIIT and LC-MICT experienced 20 training sessions over 4 weeks.ResultsThe 4-week LC intervention with/without additional training failed to change the Shannon, Chao 1, and Simpson indexes (p > 0.05), LC increased Phascolarctobacterium genus, and LC-HIIT reduced Bifidobacterium genus after intervention (p < 0.05). Groups with extra exercise training increased short-chain fatty acid-producing Blautia genus (p < 0.05) and reduced type 2 diabetes-related genus Alistipes (p < 0.05) compared to LC. Sutterella (r = −0.335) and Enterobacter (r = 0.334) were associated with changes in body composition (p < 0.05). Changes in Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Roseburia genera were positively associated with blood pressure (BP) changes (r = 0.392–0.445, p < 0.05), whereas the changes in Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides genera were negatively associated with BP changes (r = −0.567 to −0.362, p < 0.05).ConclusionLC intervention did not change the α-diversity and overall structure of gut microbiota. Combining LC with exercise training may have additional benefits on gut physiology. Specific microbial genera were associated with LC- and exercise-induced regulation of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - On Kei Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- College of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaowei Kong,
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11
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Purohit G, Mishra B, Sahoo S, Mahapatra A. Granulicatella adiacens as an Unusual Cause of Empyema: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Lab Physicians 2022; 14:343-347. [PMID: 36119420 PMCID: PMC9473932 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens
, a nutritionally variant
Streptococcus
(NVS), is part of the normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital, and intestinal tracts and rarely causes disease. It has been mostly reported from bacteremia and endocarditis cases, but rarely can cause vertebral osteomyelitis, pancreatic abscess, otitis media, and endovascular, central nervous system, ocular, oral, bone and joint, and genitourinary infections. Due to requirement of fastidious culture conditions and non-specific colony morphology, serious diagnostic difficulties may arise in cases of NVS infections. Here, we are reporting a rare fatal infection of
G. adiacens
presented with empyema complicated to sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis.
Clinicians should be aware of the pathogenic potential of
Granulicatella adiacens
(a normal commensal flora of human mouth, genital and intestinal tracts). Appropriate supplemented media and a reliable detection system should be used to identify these fastidious organisms. We present this rare case to bring awareness among clinicians regarding such a rare but potentially fatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetarani Purohit
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Vikash Multispeciality Hospital, Bargarh, Odisha, India
| | - Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Satyajeet Sahoo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ashoka Mahapatra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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12
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Incidence of Postoperative Pneumonia and Oral Microbiome for Patients with Cancer Operation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pneumonia is a serious problem for patients and medical staff. In Japan, many hospitals introduced perioperative oral care management for the efficient use of medical resources. However, a high percentage of postoperative pneumonia still developed. Therefore, there is a need to identify the specific respiratory pathogens to predict the incidence of pneumonia The purpose of this study was to find out the candidate of bacterial species for the postoperative pneumonia. This study applied case-control study design for the patients who had a cancer operation with or without postoperative pneumonia. A total of 10 patients undergoing a cancer operation under general anesthesia participated in this study. The day before a cancer operation, preoperative oral care management was applied. Using the next generation sequence, oral microbiome of these patients was analyzed at the time of their first visit, the day before and after a cancer operation. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum group can be a high risk at first visit. Atopobium parvulum and Enterococcus faecalis before a cancer operation can be a high risk. Poor oral hygiene increased the risk of incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Increased periodontal pathogens can be a high risk of the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. In addition, increased intestinal bacteria after oral care management can also be a high risk for the incidence of postoperative pneumonia.
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13
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Chen Y, Chen X, Huang X, Duan Y, Gao H, Gao X. Analysis of Salivary Microbiome and Its Association With Periodontitis in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752475. [PMID: 34950605 PMCID: PMC8688821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to analyze the periodontal conditions of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in relation to the salivary microbiome. Materials and Methods In total, 54 male adults (27 with OSA, 27 controls) completed this cross-sectional study. All participants were monitored by overnight polysomnography (PSG) and underwent full-mouth periodontal examination. Saliva samples were then collected, and the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced. The data were analyzed to determine the microbial distribution and the community structure of the two groups. Results Demonstrated by alpha and beta diversity, the OSA group had a lower microbial richness and a lower observed species than the controls. There was no significant difference in the microbial species diversity or evenness between the OSA and the non-OSA groups. The OSA group had fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the distribution of microbiome showed that several gram-positive bacteria had higher abundance in the OSA group. As for periodontal pathogens, the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly increased in the OSA group. No significant difference was observed in the relative abundance of other pathogens at either the genus or species level. Conclusions The salivary microbial community structure was altered in patients with OSA in terms of species richness and trans-habitat diversity, along with an increase in Prevotella, a specific periodontal pathogen. These findings might explain the high prevalence of periodontitis in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Airforce Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Airforce Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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14
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González-Haba-Martínez B, Sánchez-Códez MI, Lubián-Gutiérrez M. [Meningitis caused by Granulicatella adiacens after medulloblastoma surgery]. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 157:e277-e278. [PMID: 32843215 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Vaginal microbiome topic modeling of laboring Ugandan women with and without fever. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:75. [PMID: 34508087 PMCID: PMC8433417 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the maternal vaginal microbiome influences the duration of pregnancy, onset of labor, and even neonatal outcomes. Maternal microbiome research in sub-Saharan Africa has focused on non-pregnant and postpartum composition of the vaginal microbiome. Here we aimed to illustrate the relationship between the vaginal microbiome of 99 laboring Ugandan women and intrapartum fever using routine microbiology and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing from two hypervariable regions (V1–V2 and V3–V4). To describe the vaginal microbes associated with vaginal microbial communities, we pursued two approaches: hierarchical clustering methods and a novel Grades of Membership (GoM) modeling approach for vaginal microbiome characterization. Leveraging GoM models, we created a basis composed of a preassigned number of microbial topics whose linear combination optimally represents each patient yielding more comprehensive associations and characterization between maternal clinical features and the microbial communities. Using a random forest model, we showed that by including microbial topic models we improved upon clinical variables to predict maternal fever. Overall, we found a higher prevalence of Granulicatella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Clostridium, Gemella, Mobiluncus, and Veillonella genera in febrile mothers, and higher prevalence of Lactobacillus genera (in particular L. crispatus and L. jensenii), Acinobacter, Aerococcus, and Prevotella species in afebrile mothers. By including clinical variables with microbial topics in this model, we observed young maternal age, fever reported earlier in the pregnancy, longer labor duration, and microbial communities with reduced Lactobacillus diversity were associated with intrapartum fever. These results better defined relationships between the presence or absence of intrapartum fever, demographics, peripartum course, and vaginal microbial topics, and expanded our understanding of the impact of the microbiome on maternal and potentially neonatal outcome risk.
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16
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Vazquez DS, Schilbert HM, Dodero VI. Molecular and Structural Parallels between Gluten Pathogenic Peptides and Bacterial-Derived Proteins by Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9278. [PMID: 34502187 PMCID: PMC8430993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are a group of diseases that involve the activation of the immune system triggered by the ingestion of gluten, with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. Among them, Celiac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease causing a plethora of symptoms from diarrhea and malabsorption to lymphoma. Even though GRDs have been intensively studied, the environmental triggers promoting the diverse reactions to gluten proteins in susceptible individuals remain elusive. It has been proposed that pathogens could act as disease-causing environmental triggers of CeD by molecular mimicry mechanisms. Additionally, it could also be possible that unrecognized molecular, structural, and physical parallels between gluten and pathogens have a relevant role. Herein, we report sequence, structural and physical similarities of the two most relevant gluten peptides, the 33-mer and p31-43 gliadin peptides, with bacterial pathogens using bioinformatics going beyond the molecular mimicry hypothesis. First, a stringent BLASTp search using the two gliadin peptides identified high sequence similarity regions within pathogen-derived proteins, e.g., extracellular proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Granulicatella sp. Second, molecular dynamics calculations of an updated α-2-gliadin model revealed close spatial localization and solvent-exposure of the 33-mer and p31-43 peptide, which was compared with the pathogen-related proteins by homology models and localization predictors. We found putative functions of the identified pathogen-derived sequence by identifying T-cell epitopes and SH3/WW-binding domains. Finally, shape and size parallels between the pathogens and the superstructures of gliadin peptides gave rise to novel hypotheses about activation of innate immunity and dysbiosis. Based on our structural findings and the similarities with the bacterial pathogens, evidence emerges that these pathologically relevant gluten-derived peptides could behave as non-replicating pathogens opening new research questions in the interface of innate immunity, microbiome, and food research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego S. Vazquez
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB-IMBICE), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Ciudad Autónoma C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hanna M. Schilbert
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Veronica I. Dodero
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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17
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Development of high level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) in Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp isolates from patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0252220. [PMID: 34252304 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02522-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species are fastidious organisms, representing around 1%-3% of infective endocarditis (IE). Little is known about the optimal antibiotic treatment of these species, and daptomycin has been suggested as a therapeutic option. We describe the antimicrobial profile in Abiotrophia and Granulicatella IE isolates, investigate high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) development and evaluate daptomycin activity in combination therapy. In vitro studies with 16 IE strains (6 A. defectiva, 9 G. adiacens and 1 G. elegans) were performed using microdilution to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill methodology to evaluate combination therapy. Daptomycin non-susceptibility (DNS; MIC≥ 2 mg/L) and HLDR (MIC≥256 mg/L) were based on existing Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) breakpoints for viridans streptococci. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin: G. adiacens was more susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin than A. defectiva (22% vs. 0%, and 67% vs. 33%) but less susceptible to ceftriaxone and daptomycin (56% vs. 83%, and 11% vs. 50%). HLDR developed in both A. defectiva (33%) and G. adiacens (78%) after 24h exposure to daptomycin. Combination therapy did not prevent the development of daptomycin resistance with ampicillin (2/3 strains), gentamicin (2/3 strains), ceftriaxone (2/3 strains) or ceftaroline (2/3 strains). Once developed, HLDR was stable for a prolonged time (>3 weeks) in G. adiacens, whereas in A. defectiva the HLDR it reversed to baseline MIC at day 10. This study is first to demonstrate rapid HLDR development in Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species in vitro. Resistance was stable, and most combination therapies did not prevent it.
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18
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Yang S, Wu L, Xu L, Huang X, Sun X, Yang L, Xu L. Lung abscess secondary to lung cancer with a coinfection of Granulicatellaadiacens and other bacteria: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:662. [PMID: 34238251 PMCID: PMC8265077 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Granulicatella adiacens is facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, which mainly involve bacterial endocarditis and bacteremia, but there are few reports of local suppurative infection. A case of lung abscess with a coinfection of Granulicatella adiacens and other bacteria in a lung cancer patient will be reported in this paper. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing lung abscess due to G.adiacens. Case presentation A 52-year-old Chinese woman was admitted to the hospital, She complained of coughing and expectoration for 1 month, shortness of breath for half a month, and dyspnea for 1 day. After a series of examinations, she was diagnosed with lung abscess, pleural effusion, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Draining pus culture demonstrated Granulicatella adiacens. After more than 5 weeks of antibiotic therapies in total, she gradually recovered to fight against lung cancer. Conclusion This is the first reported lung abscess caused by G.adiacens. In immunosuppressed hosts, G.adiacens is a virulent pathogen associated with a spectrum of intrathoracic suppurative. Earlier diagnosis and proper drainage surgery with effective antibiotics treatment are very important, and antimicrobial treatment should be more than 5 weeks. When complex pulmonary infection interferes with the CT diagnosis, clinical suspicion of lung cancer should be increased if G.adiacens or Eikenella corrodens is detected from a pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- The first Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi city, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- The first Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi city, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- The first Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi city, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Infection center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi city, China.
| | - Lan Yang
- The first Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi city, China
| | - Ling Xu
- The first Clinical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi city, China
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19
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Durán C, Ciucci S, Palladini A, Ijaz UZ, Zippo AG, Sterbini FP, Masucci L, Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Spuul P, Schroeder M, Grill SW, Parsons BN, Pritchard DM, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A, Cannistraci CV. Nonlinear machine learning pattern recognition and bacteria-metabolite multilayer network analysis of perturbed gastric microbiome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1926. [PMID: 33771992 PMCID: PMC7997970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The stomach is inhabited by diverse microbial communities, co-existing in a dynamic balance. Long-term use of drugs such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), or bacterial infection such as Helicobacter pylori, cause significant microbial alterations. Yet, studies revealing how the commensal bacteria re-organize, due to these perturbations of the gastric environment, are in early phase and rely principally on linear techniques for multivariate analysis. Here we disclose the importance of complementing linear dimensionality reduction techniques with nonlinear ones to unveil hidden patterns that remain unseen by linear embedding. Then, we prove the advantages to complete multivariate pattern analysis with differential network analysis, to reveal mechanisms of bacterial network re-organizations which emerge from perturbations induced by a medical treatment (PPIs) or an infectious state (H. pylori). Finally, we show how to build bacteria-metabolite multilayer networks that can deepen our understanding of the metabolite pathways significantly associated to the perturbed microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Durán
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara Ciucci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alessandra Palladini
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonio G Zippo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Masucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan W Grill
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Biomedical Cybernetics Group, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life (PoL), Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence (CCNI) at Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Abstract
Objectives Tamoxifen (TAM), which is used for treating breast cancer, has exhibited another important function as an antimicrobial agent. The objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial action of TAM against the bacteria present in the human oral cavity. Materials and Methods The bacteria present in the human oral cavity were isolated from healthy individuals. Different concentrations of TAM were tested against the isolated bacteria. Additionally, bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of TAM were also determined. Results Out of 23 isolated bacteria, a greater number of Gram-positive bacteria were highly susceptible to the low concentrations of TAM than Gram-negative bacteria. Kytococcus sedentarius, which is Gram-positive bacterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, which is Gram-negative bacterium, needed a high minimum inhibitory concentration value of TAM (2.5 mg/mL) to be inhibited by TAM's bacteriostatic action. Resistance to TAM was also observed in three strains of Gram-positive and four strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion TAM has shown a potential antibacterial effect against the bacteria present in the oral cavity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. This effect is mostly bacteriostatic. This study also found bacterial resistance toward TAM.
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21
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Holloway V, Jacob G, Hayes N. Challenges in the diagnosis and management of Granulicatella elegans endocarditis in a 9-year-old child. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/2/e240079. [PMID: 33602775 PMCID: PMC7896593 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old child, with a background of repaired pulmonary atresia and Ebstein's anomaly, presented with fever, night sweats and lethargy. Blood cultures grew Granulicatella elegans, a nutritionally variant Streptococcus and known cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Echocardiogram revealed no clear vegetation, but increased stenosis of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. The child was successfully managed with high-dose benzylpenicillin, completing 2 weeks in the hospital, and was discharged to complete the final 4 weeks of therapy with ceftriaxone in the community, as per European Society of Cardiology guidance. IE caused by any Granulicatella species is rare, with infection due to G. elegans rarer still. It is a Gram-positive bacteria that presents a diagnostic challenge due to non-specific symptoms at presentation and difficulty in growing the organism on culture medium. We present a case of G. elegans endocarditis in a young child, which illustrates the challenges in managing this condition and the importance of considering atypical organism endocarditis in children presenting with fever of unknown origin, in particular those with a background of congenital cardiac disease. We review the literature on Granulicatella endocarditis, and briefly discuss the challenges of managing this condition in a child with an autism spectrum disorder and learning difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Jacob
- Microbiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Nicholas Hayes
- Paediatric Cardiology, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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22
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Kawai H, Shiojiri T. Internal jugular vein thrombosis associated with Granulicatella adiacens. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e238404. [PMID: 33472803 PMCID: PMC10577762 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens, which occurs as part of the oral microflora, is an uncommon cause of infection. However, it can cause serious bloodstream infections including infective endocarditis. Although oral bacteria, most commonly the Fusobacterium spp, can cause internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombophlebitis, there are no reported cases of IJV thrombosis caused by G. adiacens Here we report a patient with septic IJV thrombosis with G. adiacens bacteraemia. A middle-aged man presented to our hospital with fever and altered mental status. Blood cultures were positive for G. adiacens, and pan-scan CT with contrast showed left IJV thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and abscesses in the gluteal muscles. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. When confronted with G. adiacens bacteraemia in patients with poor oral hygiene, it is necessary to be cautious of the fact that this organism can cause IJV thrombophlebitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Kawai
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kokuho Asahi Chuo Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shiojiri
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kokuho Asahi Chuo Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan
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Lin D, Wang X, Li Y, Wang W, Li Y, Yu X, Lin B, Chen Y, Lei C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang J, Lin B, Yang W, Zhou J, Zeng J, Liu X. Sputum microbiota as a potential diagnostic marker for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1935-1945. [PMID: 33850462 PMCID: PMC8040397 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.53492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains makes disease control more complicated, which is the main cause of death in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Early detection and timely standard treatment are the key to current prevention and control of drug-resistant TB. In recent years, despite the continuous advancement in drug-resistant TB diagnostic technology, the needs for clinical rapid and accurate diagnosis are still not fully met. With the development of sequencing technology, the research of human microecology has been intensified. This study aims to use 16 rRNA sequencing technology to detect and analyze upper respiratory flora of TB patients with anti-TB drug sensitivity (DS, n = 55), monoresistance isoniazide (MR-INH, n = 33), monoresistance rifampin (MR-RFP, n = 12), multidrug resistance (MDR, n = 26) and polyresistance (PR, n = 39) in southern China. Potential microbial diagnostic markers for different types of TB drug resistance are searched by screening differential flora, which provides certain guiding significance for drug resistance diagnosis and clinical drug use of TB. The results showed that the pulmonary microenvironment of TB patients was more susceptible to infection by external pathogens, and the infection of different drug-resistant Mtb leads to changes in different flora. Importantly, seven novel microorganisms (Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter, Delfitia, Kingella, Chlamydophila, Bordetella) were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as diagnostic markers for different drug resistance types of TB. Leptotrichia, Granulicatella, Campylobacter were potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with INH single-resistance. Delftia was a potential diagnostic marker for TB patients with RFP single drug-resistance. Kingella and Chlamydophila can be used as diagnostic markers for TB patients with PR. Bordetella can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for identification of TB patients with MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzi Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Yanyun Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523008, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523008, China
| | - Bingyao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Yinwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523008, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528041, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Proteomics of extracellular vesicles produced by Granulicatella adiacens, which causes infective endocarditis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227657. [PMID: 33216751 PMCID: PMC7679012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When oral bacteria accidentally enter the bloodstream due to transient tissue damage during dental procedures, they have the potential to attach to the endocardium or an equivalent surface of an indwelling prosthesis and cause infection. Many bacterial species produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) as part of normal physiology, but also use it as a virulence strategy. In this study, it was hypothesized that Granulicatella adiacens produce EVs that possibly help it in virulence. Therefore, the objectives were to isolate and characterize EVs produced by G. adiacens and to investigate its immune-stimulatory effects. The reference strain G. adiacens CCUG 27809 was cultured on chocolate blood agar for 2 days. From subsequent broth culture, the EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation and filtration protocol and then observed using scanning electron microscopy. Proteins in the vesicle preparation were identified by nano LC-ESI-MS/MS. The EVs proteome was analyzed and characterized using different bioinformatics tools. The immune-stimulatory effect of the EVs was studied via ELISA quantification of IL-8, IL-1β and CCL5, major proinflammatory cytokines, produced from stimulated human PBMCs. It was revealed that G. adiacens produced EVs, ranging in diameter from 30 to 250 nm. Overall, G. adiacens EVs contained 112 proteins. The proteome consists of several ribosomal proteins, DNA associated proteins, binding proteins, and metabolic enzymes. It was also shown that these EVs carry putative virulence factors including moonlighting proteins. These EVs were able to induce the production of IL-8, IL-1β and CCL5 from human PBMCs. Further functional characterization of the G. adiacens EVs may provide new insights into virulence mechanisms of this important but less studied oral bacterial species.
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Wu D, Fu H, Shi W, Xue F. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive infective endocarditis complicated by acute kidney injury: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520963990. [PMID: 33078666 PMCID: PMC7583404 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520963990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) may present with multisystem disturbances resembling autoimmune diseases, such as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The kidneys are susceptible to damage in IE and AAV, which is a source of diagnostic ambiguity. Therefore, distinguishing infection from an inflammatory process is pivotal for guiding appropriate therapy. We report a 22-year-old man with IE characterized by ANCA positivity and complicated by acute kidney injury. A renal biopsy showed crescentic nephritis with tubulointerstitial lesions. However, transthoracic echocardiography and blood culture provided evidence of IE, and AAV was ruled out. Surgical intervention and antibiotic treatments were successful. We summarized previously reported cases of ANCA-positive IE that had renal biopsy data. We found that ANCA-positive IE can involve multiple organs. The representative renal pathology was crescentic nephritis, focal segmental glomerulonephritis, mesangial cell proliferation, tubular injury, and interstitial oedema. Immunofluorescence showed predominate C3 deposits. Electron microscopy showed electron-dense deposits in the subendothelial or mesangial areas. Eight patients received immunosuppressive therapy with excellent results. Repeated testing for bacterial pathogens and multiple renal biopsies may be useful for diagnosing ANCA-positive IE. With ANCA-positive IE, immunosuppressive therapy along with antibiotic treatments may be beneficial for recovery of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Daoxu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weiping Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Performance and Application of 16S rRNA Gene Cycle Sequencing for Routine Identification of Bacteria in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/4/e00053-19. [PMID: 32907806 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00053-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a state-of-the-art description of the performance of Sanger cycle sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for routine identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory. A detailed description of the technology and current methodology is outlined with a major focus on proper data analyses and interpretation of sequences. The remainder of the article is focused on a comprehensive evaluation of the application of this method for identification of bacterial pathogens based on analyses of 16S multialignment sequences. In particular, the existing limitations of similarity within 16S for genus- and species-level differentiation of clinically relevant pathogens and the lack of sequence data currently available in public databases is highlighted. A multiyear experience is described of a large regional clinical microbiology service with direct 16S broad-range PCR followed by cycle sequencing for direct detection of pathogens in appropriate clinical samples. The ability of proteomics (matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight) versus 16S sequencing for bacterial identification and genotyping is compared. Finally, the potential for whole-genome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to replace 16S sequencing for routine diagnostic use is presented for several applications, including the barriers that must be overcome to fully implement newer genomic methods in clinical microbiology. A future challenge for large clinical, reference, and research laboratories, as well as for industry, will be the translation of vast amounts of accrued NGS microbial data into convenient algorithm testing schemes for various applications (i.e., microbial identification, genotyping, and metagenomics and microbiome analyses) so that clinically relevant information can be reported to physicians in a format that is understood and actionable. These challenges will not be faced by clinical microbiologists alone but by every scientist involved in a domain where natural diversity of genes and gene sequences plays a critical role in disease, health, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and other aspects of life-forms. Overcoming these challenges will require global multidisciplinary efforts across fields that do not normally interact with the clinical arena to make vast amounts of sequencing data clinically interpretable and actionable at the bedside.
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Reyes-Gibby CC, Wang J, Zhang L, Peterson CB, Do KA, Jenq RR, Shelburne S, Shah DP, Chambers MS, Hanna EY, Yeung SCJ, Shete S. Oral microbiome and onset of oral mucositis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer 2020; 126:5124-5136. [PMID: 32888342 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis (OM) is a debilitating sequela for patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). This study investigated whether oral microbial features before treatment or during treatment are associated with the time to onset of severe OM in patients with HNSCC. METHODS This was a cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with locoregional HNSCC who received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy from April 2016 to September 2017. OM was based on the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. The oral microbiome was characterized on the basis of the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region with the Illumina platform. A mixture cure model was used to generate hazard ratios for the onset of severe OM. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of the patients developed OM (n = 57 [33 nonsevere cases and 24 severe cases]) with a median time to onset of OM of 21 days. With adjustments for age, sex, and smoking status, genera abundance was associated with the hazard for the onset of severe OM as follows: 1) at the baseline (n = 66), Cardiobacterium (P = .03) and Granulicatella (P = .04); 2) immediately before the development of OM (n = 57), Prevotella (P = .03), Fusobacterium (P = .03), and Streptococcus (P = .01); and 3) immediately before the development of severe OM (n = 24), Megasphaera (P = .0001) and Cardiobacterium (P = .03). There were no differences in α-diversity between the baseline samples and Human Microbiome Project data. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the abundance of genera over the course of treatment were associated with the onset of severe OM. The mechanism and therapeutic implications of these findings need to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielito C Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christine B Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mark S Chambers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ehab Y Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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28
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Cui C, Tan S, Tao L, Gong J, Chang Y, Wang Y, Fan P, He D, Ruan Y, Qiu W. Intestinal Barrier Breakdown and Mucosal Microbiota Disturbance in Neuromyelitis Optical Spectrum Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2101. [PMID: 32983166 PMCID: PMC7492665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The mechanism underlying the pathology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) remains unclear even though antibodies to the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on astrocytes play important roles. Our previous study showed that dysbiosis occurred in the fecal microbiota of NMOSD patients. In this study, we further investigated whether the intestinal barrier and mucosal flora balance are also interrupted in NMOSD patients. Methods Sigmoid mucosal biopsies were collected by endoscopy from six patients with NMOSD and compared with samples from five healthy control (HC) individuals. These samples were processed for electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to investigate changes in ultrastructure and in the number and size of intestinal inflammatory cells. Changes in mucosal flora were also analyzed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results The results from bacterial rRNA gene sequencing showed that bacterial diversity was decreased, but Streptococcus and Granulicatella were abundant in the colonic mucosa specimens of NMOSD patients compared to the HC individuals. The intercellular space between epithelia of the colonic mucosa was wider in NMOSD patients compared to the HC subjects (p < 0.01), and the expression of tight junction proteins [occludin, claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)] in NMOSD patients significantly decreased compared to that in the HC subjects. We also found numerous activated macrophages with many inclusions within the cytoplasm, mast cells with many particles in their cytoplasm, and enlarged plasma cells with rich developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the lamina propria of the mucosa of the patients with NMOSD. Quantitative analysis showed that the percentages of small CD38+ and CD138+ cells (plasma cells) were lower, but the percentage of larger plasma cells was higher in NMOSD patients. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the intestinal barrier was disrupted in the patients with NMOSD, accompanied by dysbiosis and inflammatory activation of the gut. The mucosal microbiota imbalance and inflammatory responses might allow pathogens to cross the damaged intestinal barrier and participate in pathological process in NMOSD. However, further study on the pathological mechanism of NMOSD underlying gut dysbiosis is warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Cui
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Tan
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junli Gong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Chang
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Ruan
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Gonzalez Moreno M, Wang L, De Masi M, Winkler T, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella elegans biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2261-2268. [PMID: 31049562 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of different antibiotics (alone or in combination) against Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella elegans biofilms and to investigate the anti-biofilm activity of gentamicin alone versus blood culture isolates from both species. METHODS The activity of benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, daptomycin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin and rifampicin against 24-hour-old biofilms of A. defectiva and G. elegans was investigated in vitro by conventional microbiological methods and isothermal microcalorimetry. RESULTS For planktonic bacteria, the MIC values of tested antibiotics ranged from 0.016 to 64 mg/L, as determined by microcalorimetry. Higher antibiotic concentrations, ranging from 1 to >1024 mg/L, were needed to produce an effect on biofilm bacteria. Gentamicin was an exception as it was active at 1 mg/L against both planktonic and biofilm G. elegans. A synergistic effect was observed when daptomycin was combined with benzylpenicillin, gentamicin or rifampicin against A. defectiva biofilms and when gentamicin was combined with rifampicin or levofloxacin against G. elegans biofilms. A. defectiva clinical isolates displayed greater variability in gentamicin susceptibility as compared with G. elegans strains. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles vary widely between Abiotrophia and Granulicatella biofilms, and synergistic effects of the tested antibiotics were heterogeneous. The clinical relevance of these in vitro observations needs to be confirmed in experimental in vivo conditions and human trials, before guidelines for the treatment of A. defectiva and G. elegans infections are established. This study suggests the benefit of further clinical exploration of antibiotic combinations with anti-biofilm effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gonzalez Moreno
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margherita De Masi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 35-39, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Onyango SO, De Clercq N, Beerens K, Van Camp J, Desmet T, Van de Wiele T. Oral Microbiota Display Profound Differential Metabolic Kinetics and Community Shifts upon Incubation with Sucrose, Trehalose, Kojibiose, and Xylitol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01170-20. [PMID: 32561577 PMCID: PMC7414948 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01170-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the metabolic properties of kojibiose, trehalose, sucrose, and xylitol upon incubation with representative oral bacteria as monocultures or synthetic communities or with human salivary bacteria in a defined medium. Compared to sucrose and trehalose, kojibiose resisted metabolism during a 48-h incubation with monocultures, except for Actinomyces viscosus Incubations with Lactobacillus-based communities, as well as salivary bacteria, displayed kojibiose metabolism, yet to a lesser extent than sucrose and trehalose. Concurring with our in vitro findings, screening for carbohydrate-active enzymes revealed that only Lactobacillus spp. and A. viscosus possess enzymes from glycohydrolase (GH) families GH65 and GH15, respectively, which are associated with kojibiose metabolism. Donor-dependent differences in salivary microbiome composition were noted, and differences in pH drop during incubation indicated different rates of sugar metabolism. However, functional analysis indicated that lactate, acetate, and formate evenly dominated the metabolic profile for all sugars except for xylitol. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and α-diversity markers revealed that a significant shift of the microbiome community by sugars was more pronounced in sucrose and trehalose than in kojibiose and xylitol. In Streptococcus spp., a taxon linked to cariogenesis dominated in sucrose (mean ± standard deviation, 91.8 ± 6.4%) and trehalose (55.9 ± 38.6%), representing a high diversity loss. In contrast, Streptococcus (5.1 ± 3.7%) was less abundant in kojibiose, which instead was dominated by Veillonella (26.8 ± 19.6%), while for xylitol, Neisseria (29.4 ± 19.1%) was most abundant. Overall, kojibiose and xylitol incubations stimulated cariogenic species less yet closely maintained an abundance of key phyla and genera of the salivary microbiome, suggesting that kojibiose has low cariogenic properties.IMPORTANCE This study provides a detailed scientific insight on the metabolism of a rare disaccharide, kojibiose, whose mass production has recently been made possible. While the resistance of kojibiose was established with monocultures, delayed utilization of kojibiose was observed with communities containing lactobacilli and A. viscosus as well as with complex communities of bacteria from human saliva. Kojibiose is, therefore, less metabolizable than sucrose and trehalose. Moreover, although conventional sugars cause distinct shifts in salivary microbial communities, our study has revealed that kojibiose is able to closely maintain the salivary microbiome composition, suggesting its low cariogenic properties. This study furthermore underscores the importance and relevance of microbial culture and ex vivo mixed cultures to study cariogenicity and substrate utilization; this is in sharp contrast with tests that solely rely on monocultures such as Streptococcus mutans, which clearly fail to capture complex interactions between oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley O Onyango
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele De Clercq
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Shaik A, Roeuth D, Azmeen A, Thanikonda V, Guevara-Pineda D, Alamnajam M, Yamase H, Haider L. Granulicatella Causing Infective Endocarditis and Glomerulonephritis. IDCases 2020; 21:e00792. [PMID: 32489865 PMCID: PMC7256654 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella is a type of nutritionally variant Streptococcus (NVS) that requires special medium for growth. It has shown to cause infective endocarditis which is associated with higher mortality and complications. We present a case of Granulicatella causing endocarditis and glomerulonephritis. There has only been one such prior case report. An adult male with a remote history of gastric bypass presented with shortness of breath with exertion, lower extremity swelling of 1-month duration. Blood cultures 4/4 bottles grew Granulicatella albicans with infected tooth being the source. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a vegetation on the mitral valve. He received intravenous vancomycin. He was found to have acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. Kidney biopsy revealed immune complex deposits in the mesangium and along the capillary basement membrane suggestive of post infectious glomerulonephritis. It is crucial to recognize NVS as potential cause for endocarditis in cultures that are slow growing. NVS require a special medium. Though it is rare, NSV can also cause glomerulonephritis. Early recognition is important to help with determining treatment options which may include immunosuppressive therapy along with treatment of underlying infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shaik
- Internal Medicine, UConn Health Cente, Farmington CT, United States
| | - David Roeuth
- Internal Medicine, UConn Health Cente, Farmington CT, United States
| | - Ayesha Azmeen
- Internal Medicine, UConn Health Cente, Farmington CT, United States
| | | | | | - Mansour Alamnajam
- Department of Cardiology, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Harold Yamase
- Department of Pathology, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lalarukh Haider
- Department of Nephrology, UConn Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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32
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An Orbital Abscess Secondary to Intraoral Impalement. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:1111-1113. [PMID: 32282484 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Penetrating orbital trauma in the pediatric population is rare. Even more unusual is a secondary orbital infection following penetrating trauma. Here we present a highly unusual case of fulminant facial cellulitis with an orbital abscess in an otherwise healthy 3-year-old boy following a penetrating injury to the orbit from a point of entry on the gingiva-buccal sulcus, sustained during a fall while carrying a wooden lollipop stick. Examination of the retina revealed a focal injury at the inferior pole of the globe. The organisms cultured from pus sampled from the abscess and from the discharging intraoral wound revealed the same oral commensals while the MRI revealed a track in continuity with the orbital collection.
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Gupta S, Garg M, Misra S, Singhal S. Granulicatella adiacens abscess: Two rare cases and review. J Lab Physicians 2020; 10:121-123. [PMID: 29403221 PMCID: PMC5784284 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_58_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens is a nutritionally variant streptococcus species. These bacteria are rarely isolated in the laboratory due to their fastidious growth requirements. These have been mostly reported from bloodstream infections, infective endocarditis, infections of orbit, nasolacrimal duct and breast implants. Here, we are reporting two cases of subcutaneous abscesses caused by G. adiacens. In first case, it was isolated from abscess around elbow joint and second case was a suprapatellar abscess. We have also reviewed the published data concerning diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Granulicatella infections and included some Indian cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC PGIMSR, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Garg
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC PGIMSR, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC PGIMSR, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC PGIMSR, New Delhi, India
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Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2133. [PMID: 32034250 PMCID: PMC7005749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with various local and systemic human diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Bacterial composition may be affected by age, oral health, diet, and geography, although information about the natural variation found in the general public is still lacking. In this study, citizen-scientists used a crowdsourcing model to obtain oral bacterial composition data from guests at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science to determine if previously suspected oral microbiome associations with an individual's demographics, lifestyle, and/or genetics are robust and generalizable enough to be detected within a general population. Consistent with past research, we found bacterial composition to be more diverse in youth microbiomes when compared to adults. Adult oral microbiomes were predominantly impacted by oral health habits, while youth microbiomes were impacted by biological sex and weight status. The oral pathogen Treponema was detected more commonly in adults without recent dentist visits and in obese youth. Additionally, oral microbiomes from participants of the same family were more similar to each other than to oral microbiomes from non-related individuals. These results suggest that previously reported oral microbiome associations are observable in a human population containing the natural variation commonly found in the general public. Furthermore, these results support the use of crowdsourced data as a valid methodology to obtain community-based microbiome data.
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35
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Otsuji K, Fukuda K, Ogawa M, Fujino Y, Kamochi M, Saito M. Dynamics of microbiota during mechanical ventilation in aspiration pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31870355 PMCID: PMC6929358 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens is an urgent health-related problem, and the appropriate use of antibiotics is imperative. It is often difficult to identify the causative bacteria in patients with aspiration pneumonia because tracheal aspirate contains contaminants of oral bacteria. We investigated the dynamics of microbiota in mechanically ventilated patients with aspiration pneumonia to develop a treatment strategy. METHODS Twenty-two intubated patients with aspiration pneumonia were recruited. Saliva and tracheal aspirate of the subjects were collected at three time points: (A) within 2 h after intubation, (B) just before administration of antibiotics, and (C) 48-72 h after administration of antibiotics. The microbiota in each specimen was analyzed by using the 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing method. Bacterial floras of the samples were analyzed by principal component analysis. RESULTS Principal component analysis based on the composition of genus revealed that although the changes of microbiota in the saliva from (A) to (B) were not clear, the composition of anaerobes in the tracheal aspirate (B) was lower than (A). In fact, the reduction of anaerobes, not in the saliva but in the tracheal aspirate from (A) to (B), was confirmed by incident rate ratios estimated by a multilevel Poisson regression model (p < 0.001). The extent of decrease in anaerobes was fully dependent on the time difference between the sampling of tracheal aspirate (A) and (B)-in particular, over 3 h of mechanical ventilation. This indicates that the alterations of microbiota (involving the reduction of anaerobes in the lower respiratory tract) occurred during mechanical ventilation prior to the administration of antibiotics. After the administration of antibiotics, Enterobacter spp., Corynebacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Granulicatera adiacens were predominantly detected in the tracheal aspirate (C). CONCLUSION The microbiota of the lower respiratory tract changes dynamically during mechanical ventilation and during the administration of antibiotics in intubated patients with aspiration pneumonia. Antibiotics should be selected on the premise that dynamic changes in microbiota (involved in the reduction of anaerobes) may occur during the mechanical ventilation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Otsuji
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan. .,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Midori Ogawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kamochi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Saito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Katagiri S, Shiba T, Tohara H, Yamaguchi K, Hara K, Nakagawa K, Komatsu K, Watanabe K, Ohsugi Y, Maekawa S, Iwata T. Re-initiation of Oral Food Intake Following Enteral Nutrition Alters Oral and Gut Microbiota Communities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:434. [PMID: 31956606 PMCID: PMC6951430 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is associated with multiple forms of disability, including dysphagia. Post-stroke dysphagia increases the risks of pneumonia and mortality and often results in cessation of oral feeding. However, appropriate rehabilitation methods can eventually lead to resumption of oral food intake. This study tried to clarify that re-initiating oral food intake could modify the composition of oral/gut microbial communities in patients with dysphagia. From 78 patients with sub-acute stage of stroke, 11 complete tube feeding subjects without taking antibiotics were enrolled and received rehabilitation for re-initiation of oral food intake, and 8 subjects were brought back to complete oral feeding. Oral and gut microbiota community profiles were evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing of the saliva and feces samples before and after re-initiation of oral food intake in patients recovering from enteral nutrition under the same nutrient condition. Standard nutrition in the hospital was 1,840 kcal, including protein = 75 g, fat = 45 g, and carbohydrates = 280 g both for tube and oral feeding subjects. Oral food intake increased oral and gut microbiome diversity and altered the composition of the microbiome. Oral and gut microbiome compositions were drastically different; however, the abundance of family Carnobacteriaceae and genus Granulicatella was increased in both the oral and gut microbiome after re-initiation of oral food intake. Although oral microbiota showed more significant changes than the gut microbiota, metagenome prediction revealed the presence of more differentially enriched pathways in the gut. In addition, simpler co-occurrence networks of oral and gut microbiomes, indicating improved dysbiosis of the microbiome, were observed during oral feeding as compared to that during tube feeding. Oral food intake affects oral and gut microbiomes in patients recovering from enteral nutrition. Rehabilitation for dysphagia can modify systemic health by increasing the diversity and altering the composition and co-occurrence network structure of oral and gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tohara
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaguchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hara
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Nakagawa
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Benucci GMN, Longley R, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Bonito G, Yu F. Microbial communities associated with the black morel Morchella sextelata cultivated in greenhouses. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7744. [PMID: 31579614 PMCID: PMC6766373 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Morels (Morchella spp.) are iconic edible mushrooms with a long history of human consumption. Some microbial taxa are hypothesized to be important in triggering the formation of morel primordia and development of fruiting bodies, thus, there is interest in the microbial ecology of these fungi. To identify and compare fungal and prokaryotic communities in soils where Morchella sextelata is cultivated in outdoor greenhouses, ITS and 16S rDNA high throughput amplicon sequencing and microbiome analyses were performed. Pedobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Flavobacterium were found to comprise the core microbiome of M. sextelata ascocarps. These bacterial taxa were also abundant in the soil beneath growing fruiting bodies. A total of 29 bacterial taxa were found to be statistically associated to Morchella fruiting bodies. Bacterial community network analysis revealed high modularity with some 16S rDNA operational taxonomic unit clusters living in specialized fungal niches (e.g., pileus, stipe). Other fungi dominating the soil mycobiome beneath morels included Morchella, Phialophora, and Mortierella. This research informs understanding of microbial indicators and potential facilitators of Morchella ecology and fruiting body production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reid Longley
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for East Asia Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for East Asia Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fuqiang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for East Asia Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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Nutritionally Variant Streptococcal Bacteremia in the 21st Century. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Patil SM, Arora N, Nilsson P, Yasar SJ, Dandachi D, Salzer WL. Native Valve Infective Endocarditis with Osteomyelitis and Brain Abscess Caused by Granulicatella adiacens with Literature Review. Case Rep Infect Dis 2019; 2019:4962392. [PMID: 31467742 PMCID: PMC6701334 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4962392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens is a type of NVS (nutritionally variant streptococci) rarely causing infective endocarditis (IE). NVS are fastidious and unable to sustain growth on routine culture media due to lack of specific nutrients. Endocarditis caused by NVS due to their virulence is associated with higher treatment failures and mortality rates. New antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are indicative of a significant rise in penicillin resistance and susceptibility differences between NVS subspecies. Initial empirical therapy is essential as a delay in using the appropriate agent leads to poor results. We present a case of an immunocompetent young female with recent intravenous drug abuse resulting in native mitral valve endocarditis with ruptured chordae tendineae and septic embolization, causing brain abscess and lumbar spine osteomyelitis. She was transferred to a tertiary center where she underwent mitral valve replacement successfully and treated with six weeks of intravenous vancomycin and ertapenem. To our knowledge, ours is the first case report of G. adiacens endocarditis in an adult with brain abscess and osteomyelitis with an excellent response to antibiotic therapy. Based on our case report, literature review, and new antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, updates to treatment guidelines are suggested to improve the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin M. Patil
- Infectious Disease Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Niraj Arora
- Neurology Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - S. J. Yasar
- Cardiology Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dima Dandachi
- Infectious Disease Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - W. L. Salzer
- Infectious Disease Department, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinic, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Granulicatella adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: Three Cases and Literature Review of Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Approach. Case Rep Infect Dis 2019; 2019:5038563. [PMID: 31198612 PMCID: PMC6526567 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5038563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulicatella adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva are an increasingly recognized cause of osteoarticular infections. We describe two cases of G. adiacens and one case of A. defectiva native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) and review all published cases. Nine cases of G. adiacens NVO and two cases of A. defectiva NVO were previously described. Patients were usually middle-aged men, and classical risk factors for NVO were present in half of the cases. Concomitant bacteremia was reported in 78.6% of cases, and concurrent infective endocarditis occurred in 36.4% of this sub-group of patients. Many different antibiotic schemes were recorded, with median treatment duration of 6 weeks. In the most recent reports, glycopeptides represented the most frequent empirical therapy, possibly due to the increasing emergence of G. adiacens and A. defectiva penicillin-resistant strains. Stabilization surgery was rarely required (14.3% of cases), and clinical cure was generally achieved. In conclusion, Granulicatella spp. and Abiotrophia spp. NVO is rare but increasingly described. A total antibiotic course of six weeks seems to be appropriate for noncomplicated cases, and clinical outcome is generally favorable.
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41
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Halford B, Piazza MB, Berka H, Taylor C. Blocking a rash diagnosis: a rare case of infective endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/3/e226213. [PMID: 30898951 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a previously healthy, afebrile patient who presented with subacute bilateral lower extremity rash and complete heart block, which was later found to be secondary to infective endocarditis. His transoesophageal echocardiogram detected multiple vegetations and blood cultures were positive for Granulicatella adiacens, a nutritionally variant streptococcus that is a normal component of oral flora and thought to be responsible for approximately 5% of all cases of streptococcal endocarditis. Due to concerns for renal failure, the patient was treated with an unconventional regimen of ampicillin and ceftriaxone. He underwent a valve replacement and pacemaker placement and has done well since hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittne Halford
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Haley Berka
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caitlin Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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42
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Mizuki K, Morita H, Hoshina T, Taku K, Oshida K, Honda Y, Miyawaki A, Oya R, Kusuhara K. Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis caused by Granulicatella adiacens in an immunocompetent child. J Infect Chemother 2019; 25:376-378. [PMID: 30595347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a pediatric case aged 10 years with Granulicatella adiacens-associated chronic mandibular osteomyelitis. The causative pathogen was uncertain because polymicrobial species were detected from the bacterial culture in bone marrow fluid. In contrast, G. adiacens was predominantly identified in the clone library analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence. Vancomycin to which G. adiacens was reported to be susceptible was not administrated sufficiently to this patient because of its adverse event, whereas linezolid and ciprofloxacin was alternatively effective for the treatment of chronic mandibular osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Mizuki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiromi Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Taku
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Koichi Oshida
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yuko Honda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miyawaki
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Oya
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Koichi Kusuhara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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43
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Tranter-Entwistle I, Tnay T, Lainchbury J, Mccrystal G, Singh H, Shaw D. Granulicatella Adiacens Infective Endocarditis: A Case Series. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Edlund A, Yang Y, Yooseph S, He X, Shi W, McLean JS. Uncovering complex microbiome activities via metatranscriptomics during 24 hours of oral biofilm assembly and maturation. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:217. [PMID: 30522530 PMCID: PMC6284299 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental plaque is composed of hundreds of bacterial taxonomic units and represents one of the most diverse and stable microbial ecosystems associated with the human body. Taxonomic composition and functional capacity of mature plaque is gradually shaped during several stages of community assembly via processes such as co-aggregation, competition for space and resources, and by bacterially produced reactive agents. Knowledge on the dynamics of assembly within complex communities is very limited and derives mainly from studies composed of a limited number of bacterial species. To fill current knowledge gaps, we applied parallel metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses during assembly and maturation of an in vitro oral biofilm. This model system has previously demonstrated remarkable reproducibility in taxonomic composition across replicate samples during maturation. RESULTS Time course analysis of the biofilm maturation was performed by parallel sampling every 2-3 h for 24 h for both DNA and RNA. Metagenomic analyses revealed that community taxonomy changed most dramatically between three and six hours of growth when pH dropped from 6.5 to 5.5. By applying comparative metatranscriptome analysis we could identify major shifts in overall community activities between six and nine hours of growth when pH dropped below 5.5, as 29,015 genes were significantly up- or down- expressed. Several of the differentially expressed genes showed unique activities for individual bacterial genomes and were associated with pyruvate and lactate metabolism, two-component signaling pathways, production of antibacterial molecules, iron sequestration, pH neutralization, protein hydrolysis, and surface attachment. Our analysis also revealed several mechanisms responsible for the niche expansion of the cariogenic pathogen Lactobacillus fermentum. CONCLUSION It is highly regarded that acidic conditions in dental plaque cause a net loss of enamel from teeth. Here, as pH drops below 5.5 pH to 4.7, we observe blooms of cariogenic lactobacilli, and a transition point of many bacterial gene expression activities within the community. To our knowledge, this represents the first study of the assembly and maturation of a complex oral bacterial biofilm community that addresses gene level functional responses over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Edlund
- Genomic Medicine Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92137, USA.
| | - Youngik Yang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jansang-ro 101beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Korea
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4328 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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45
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Kanamoto T, Terakubo S, Nakashima H. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Oral Isolates of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella According to the Consensus Guidelines for Fastidious Bacteria. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E129. [PMID: 30514000 PMCID: PMC6313718 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The genera Abiotrophia and Granulicatella, previously known as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), are fastidious bacteria requiring vitamin B₆ analogs for growth. They are members of human normal oral microbiota, and are supposed to be one of the important pathogens for so-called "culture-negative" endocarditis. Methods: The type strains and oral isolates identified, by using both phenotypic profiles and the DNA⁻DNA hybridization method, were examined for susceptibilities to 15 antimicrobial agents including penicillin (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and piperacillin), cephem (cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefaclor), carbapenem (imipenem), aminoglycoside (gentamicin), macrolide (erythromycin), quinolone (ciprofloxacin), tetracycline (minocycline), glycopeptide (vancomycin), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole complex. The minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility criterion were determined, according to the consensus guideline from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Isolates of Abiotrophia defectiva were susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin ceftriaxone, cefaclor, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin. Isolates of Granulicatella adiacens were mostly susceptible to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, minocycline, and vancomycin. The susceptibility profile of Granulicatella elegans was similar to that of G. adiacens, and the susceptibility rate was higher than that of G. adiacens. Conclusions: Although Abiotrophia and Granulicatella strains are hardly distinguishable by their phenotypic characteristics, their susceptibility profiles to the antimicrobial agents were different among the species. Species-related differences in susceptibility of antibiotics should be considered in the clinical treatment for NVS related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Kanamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shigemi Terakubo
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nakashima
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
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46
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Kuntal BK, Chandrakar P, Sadhu S, Mande SS. 'NetShift': a methodology for understanding 'driver microbes' from healthy and disease microbiome datasets. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:442-454. [PMID: 30287886 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combined effect of mutual association within the co-inhabiting microbes in human body is known to play a major role in determining health status of individuals. The differential taxonomic abundance between healthy and disease are often used to identify microbial markers. However, in order to make a microbial community based inference, it is important not only to consider microbial abundances, but also to quantify the changes observed among inter microbial associations. In the present study, we introduce a method called 'NetShift' to quantify rewiring and community changes in microbial association networks between healthy and disease. Additionally, we devise a score to identify important microbial taxa which serve as 'drivers' from the healthy to disease. We demonstrate the validity of our score on a number of scenarios and apply our methodology on two real world metagenomic datasets. The 'NetShift' methodology is also implemented as a web-based application available at https://web.rniapps.net/netshift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhusan K Kuntal
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Pranjal Chandrakar
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.,Decision Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560076, India
| | - Sudipta Sadhu
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., 54-B Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411 013, India.
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47
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Mur LA, Huws SA, Cameron SJ, Lewis PD, Lewis KE. Lung cancer: a new frontier for microbiome research and clinical translation. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:866. [PMID: 30263057 PMCID: PMC6145518 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung microbiome has been shown to reflect a range of pulmonary diseases—for example: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. Studies have now begun to show microbiological changes in the lung that correlate with lung cancer (LC) which could provide new insights into lung carcinogenesis and new biomarkers for disease screening. Clinical studies have suggested that infections with tuberculosis or pneumonia increased the risk of LC possibly through inflammatory or immunological changes. These have now been superseded by genomic-based microbiome sequencing studies based on bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum or saliva samples. Although some discrepancies exist, many have suggested changes in particular bacterial genera in LC samples particularly, Granulicatella, Streptococcus and Veillonella. Granulicatella is of particular interest, as it appeared to show LC stage-specific increases in abundance. We propose that these microbial community changes are likely to reflect biochemical changes in the LC lung, linked to an increase in anaerobic environmental niches and altered pyridoxal/polyamine/nitrogenous metabolism to which Granulicatella could be particularly responsive. These are clearly preliminary observations and many more expansive studies are required to develop our understanding of the LC microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aj Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 2DA, UK
| | - Sharon A Huws
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Simon Js Cameron
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London W6 8RD, UK
| | - Paul D Lewis
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Keir E Lewis
- Respiratory Unit, Prince Philip Hospital, Llanelli SA14 8QF, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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48
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Mena Rosón A, Valencia García H, Moreno Coronas F. Septic arthritis caused by Granulicatella adiacens after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recote.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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49
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Wu Y, Chi X, Zhang Q, Chen F, Deng X. Characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4458. [PMID: 29576948 PMCID: PMC5858547 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interactions between the gut microbiome and obesity have been extensively studied. Although the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, and is extensively colonized with microbes, little is known about the oral microbiome in people with obesity. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome in obese and normal weight healthy participants using metagenomic analysis. The subjects were categorized into two groups, obesity and normal weight, based on their BMIs. Methods We characterized the salivary microbiome of 33 adults with obesity and 29 normal weight controls using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq). None of the selected participants had systemic, oral mucosal, or periodontal diseases. Results The salivary microbiome of the obesity group was distinct from that of the normal weight group. The salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy people with obesity had both significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness compared with the controls. The genus Prevotella, Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Solobacterium, Catonella, and Mogibacterium were significantly more abundant in the obesity group; meanwhile the genus Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Staphylococcus were less abundant in the obesity group. We also performed a functional analysis of the inferred metagenomes, and showed that the salivary community associated with obesity had a stronger signature of immune disease and a decreased functional signature related to environmental adaptation and Xenobiotics biodegradation compared with the normal weight controls. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the microbial diversity and structure of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity are significantly different from those of normal weight controls. These results suggested that changes in the structure and function of salivary microbiome in people with obesity might reflect their susceptibility to oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Chi
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Jones BM, Hersey RM, Trestman IJ, Bland CM. Successful treatment of a penicillin-intermediate and ceftriaxone-resistant Granulicatella adiacens presumed prosthetic valve endocarditis with vancomycin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:508-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Jones
- St. Joseph's/Candler Health System, Inc., 5353 Reynolds Street, Savannah, GA 31405.
| | - Roby M Hersey
- St. Joseph's/Candler Health System, Inc., 5353 Reynolds Street, Savannah, GA 31405
| | - Irwin J Trestman
- St. Joseph's/Candler Health System, Inc., 5353 Reynolds Street, Savannah, GA 31405
| | - Christopher M Bland
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, St. Joseph's/Candler Health System, Inc., Savannah, GA
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