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Blanco-Martín T, Guzmán-Puche J, Riazzo C, Gasca-Santiyán M, Hernández-García M, Cantón R, Torre-Cisneros J, Herrera C, Martínez-Martínez L. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of an Enterobacter ludwigii Clinical Isolate Carrying a Plasmid-Mediated blaIMI-6 Gene. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0462022. [PMID: 37074170 PMCID: PMC10269617 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04620-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a plasmid-encoded IMI-6 carbapenemase in a clinical isolate of Enterobacter ludwigii from Spain. The isolate belongs to ST641 and was susceptible to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and resistant to carbapenems. The modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) test was positive, but β-Carba was negative. Whole-genome sequencing identified the blaIMI-6 gene located in a conjugative IncFIIY plasmid and associated with the LysR-like regulator imiR. Both genes were bracketed by an ISEclI-like insertion sequence and a putatively defective ISEc36 insertion sequence. IMPORTANCE IMI carbapenemases confer an unusual resistance pattern of susceptibility to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam but decreased susceptibility to carbapenems, which may make them difficult to detect in routine practice. Commercially available molecular methods for the detection of carbapenemases in clinical laboratories do not usually include blaIMI genes, which could contribute to the hidden dissemination of bacteria producing these enzymes. Techniques should be implemented to detect minor carbapenemases that are not very frequent in our environment and control their dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Blanco-Martín
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - J. Guzmán-Puche
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Riazzo
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - M. Gasca-Santiyán
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - M. Hernández-García
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Reasearch (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Cantón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Reasearch (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Torre-Cisneros
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - C. Herrera
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Haematology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - L. Martínez-Martínez
- Microbiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Bonnin RA, Jousset AB, Emeraud C, Oueslati S, Dortet L, Naas T. Genetic Diversity, Biochemical Properties, and Detection Methods of Minor Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616490. [PMID: 33553210 PMCID: PMC7855592 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacterales, have emerged as major players in antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Resistance may affect all major classes of anti-gram-negative agents, becoming multidrug resistant or even pan-drug resistant. Currently, β-lactamase-mediated resistance does not spare even the most powerful β-lactams (carbapenems), whose activity is challenged by carbapenemases. The dissemination of carbapenemases-encoding genes among Enterobacterales is a matter of concern, given the importance of carbapenems to treat nosocomial infections. Based on their amino acid sequences, carbapenemases are grouped into three major classes. Classes A and D use an active-site serine to catalyze hydrolysis, while class B (MBLs) require one or two zinc ions for their activity. The most important and clinically relevant carbapenemases are KPC, IMP/VIM/NDM, and OXA-48. However, several carbapenemases belonging to the different classes are less frequently detected. They correspond to class A (SME-, Nmc-A/IMI-, SFC-, GES-, BIC-like…), to class B (GIM, TMB, LMB…), class C (CMY-10 and ACT-28), and to class D (OXA-372). This review will address the genetic diversity, biochemical properties, and detection methods of minor acquired carbapenemases in Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy A Bonnin
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Agnès B Jousset
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Emeraud
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Saoussen Oueslati
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Mo Y, Hernandez-Koutoucheva A, Musicha P, Bertrand D, Lye D, Ng OT, Fenlon SN, Chen SL, Ling ML, Tang WY, Barkham T, Nagarajan N, Cooper BS, Marimuthu K. Duration of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Carriage in Hospital Patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:2182-2185. [PMID: 32818397 PMCID: PMC7454053 DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.190592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the duration of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) carriage, we studied 21 CPE carriers for »1 year. Mean carriage duration was 86 days; probability of decolonization in 1 year was 98.5%, suggesting that CPE-carriers' status can be reviewed yearly. Prolonged carriage was associated with use of antimicrobial drugs.
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In Vitro Activity of Plazomicin Compared to Amikacin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin against Multidrug-Resistant Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01711-19. [PMID: 31712206 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01711-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales is a serious threat to public health. Here, we compared the MICs of plazomicin, amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin against 303 multinational multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. We followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and applied CLSI breakpoints as well as those of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin and of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for plazomicin. Overall, the highest percentage of susceptible isolates (80.2%) was demonstrated for plazomicin, which had the lowest MIC50 (1 μg/ml) of the aminoglycosides studied. Of the 42 isolates resistant to plazomicin, 34 had MICs of ≥128 μg/ml, with 33 of the 34 having MICs of >128 μg/ml for amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Among the 42 bla NDM-positive isolates, 35.7% were plazomicin susceptible, with the percentage of isolates susceptible to amikacin being 38.1% or 35.7% when applying the CLSI or EUCAST breakpoint, respectively. The 20 bla OXA-48-like-positive isolates showed 50.0% susceptibility to plazomicin. Among 35 isolates with bla CTX-M as their only characterized resistance mechanism, 68.6% were plazomicin susceptible, while the percentage susceptible to amikacin was 74.3% or 62.9% when applying the CLSI or EUCAST breakpoint, respectively. Among the 117 bla KPC-positive isolates, 94.9% were susceptible to plazomicin, whereas when the CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints were applied, 43.6% and 25.6%, respectively, were susceptible to amikacin; 56.4% and 44.4%, respectively, were susceptible to gentamicin; and 5.1% and 4.3%, respectively, were susceptible to tobramycin.
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Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae harbouring bla NDM or bla IMI in local market foods of Yangon, Myanmar. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14455. [PMID: 31595007 PMCID: PMC6783431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) poses a serious threat to clinical practice and public health. These bacteria are present both in clinical settings and non-clinical environments. The presence of CPE in food stuffs has been reported, but sporadically so. Here, we screened for CPE in meat, seafood, and vegetable samples from local markets of Yangon, Myanmar. We obtained 27 CPE isolates from 93 food samples and identified 13 as Escherichia coli, six as Klebsiella pneumoniae, seven as Enterobacter cloacae complex, and one as Serratia marcescens. All except the E. cloacae complex harboured the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5, while all Enterobacter isolates carried the carbapenemase gene blaIMI-1. The blaIMI-1 gene was located in putative mobile elements EcloIMEX-2, -3, or -8. Using multi-locus sequence typing, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae complex isolates were classified into 10, six, and five different sequence types, respectively. Our results demonstrate that diverse organisms with various carbapenemase genes are widespread in the market foods in Yangon, highlighting the need for promoting proper food hygiene and effective measures to prevent further dissemination.
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In Vitro Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam against Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00533-18. [PMID: 29760145 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00533-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding which antimicrobial agents are likely to be active against Gram-negative bacilli can guide selection of antimicrobials for empirical therapy as mechanistic rapid diagnostics are adopted. In this study, we determined the MICs of a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination, imipenem-relebactam, along with ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, against 282 drug-resistant isolates of Gram-negative bacilli. For isolates harboring blaKPC (n = 110), the addition of relebactam to imipenem lowered the MIC50/MIC90 from 16/>128 μg/ml for imipenem alone to 0.25/1 μg/ml. For isolates harboring blaCTX-M (n = 48), the MIC50/MIC90 of ceftolozane-tazobactam were 0.5/16 μg/ml (83% susceptible). For isolates harboring blaCMY-2 (n = 17), the MIC50/MIC90 of ceftolozane-tazobactam were 4/8 μg/ml (47% susceptible). Imipenem-relebactam was active against most KPC-producing (but not NDM- or IMP-producing) Enterobacteriaceae and is an encouraging addition to the present antibiotic repertoire.
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Outbreak of IMI-1 carbapenemase-producing colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae on the French island of Mayotte (Indian Ocean). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:416-420. [PMID: 29807164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Southwest Indian Ocean islands is poorly known. Here we describe an outbreak of colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae harbouring blaIMI-1 in the French overseas department of Mayotte. Between October 2015 and January 2017, all isolates of imipenem-non-susceptible E. cloacae at Mayotte Medical Center and University Hospital of Reunion Island were screened for carbapenemase production. Positive isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and all β-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. Resistance profiles were determined by agar diffusion and Etest. Genetic support of the blaIMI-1 gene was determined by WGS. A total of 18 E. cloacae isolates harbouring blaIMI-1 were detected in 17 patients from Mayotte. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed 16 of the 18 strains to be clonally related and belonging to ST820. Based on clinical data, this outbreak most likely had a community origin. The blaIMI-1 gene in the 18 isolates was carried by a new variant of an integrative mobile element involving the Xer recombinases, called EcloIMEX-8. The mcr-1-mcr-5 genes were absent from the collection. The isolates belonged to E. cloacae cluster XI, known to be colistin heteroresistant. Here we report the first outbreak of IMI-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae. IMI-1-producers may be underdetected in microbiology laboratories because of their unusual antimicrobial resistance profile (resistant to imipenem but with intermediate resistance to ertapenem and susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins) and the absence of blaIMI-1 in the panel of genes targeted by molecular diagnostic kits.
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Srisrattakarn A, Lulitanond A, Wilailuckana C, Charoensri N, Daduang J, Chanawong A. A novel GoldNano Carb test for rapid phenotypic detection of carbapenemases, particularly OXA type, in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2519-2527. [PMID: 28535303 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a simple gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric test, GoldNano Carb (GoldC), for detecting carbapenemase production in Gram-negative bacteria, compared with updated Carba NP (CNP) and CarbAcineto NP (CAcNP) tests by using PCR methods as gold standard. Methods Ninety-nine carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolates and 89 non-CPE isolates were tested by the GoldC and CNP. Additionally, the CAcNP was performed in the Acinetobacter spp. isolates. The final imipenem (imipenem/cilastatin form) concentration was 5 mg/mL for all three tests. For the GoldC, the imipenem powder was added directly to bacterial cell suspension in distilled water prior to detection of acid product by the citrate-capped AuNP solution. An AuNP change from red to purple, blue or green indicates carbapenemase activity. Results The GoldC detected all carbapenemase producers except one OXA-23-like producer (99.0% sensitivity), whereas 11 carbapenemase producers (10 Acinetobacter and 1 P. aeruginosa) were CNP negative (88.9% sensitivity). However, the GoldC and CNP provided 100% and 98.6% sensitivity, respectively, for the CPE and Pseudomonas spp. Both tests gave one false positive from CTX-M-1-like-producing Enterobacter spp. (98.9% specificity). The GoldC and CAcNP detected 96.7% and 93.3% of the Acinetobacter spp. isolates, respectively. Interestingly, times to positivity by the GoldC were markedly shorter than those by the CNP (76.8% versus 36.2% positive at 5 min) and CAcNP (43.3% at 5 min versus 20% within 30 min). Conclusions The GoldC is fast, easy, highly sensitive and inexpensive (∼$0.25 per test), suggesting that it may be suitable for routine carbapenemase detection in low-resource settings for infection control or epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpasiri Srisrattakarn
- Medical Science Programme, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Aroonlug Lulitanond
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chotechana Wilailuckana
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nicha Charoensri
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Aroonwadee Chanawong
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Zhang F, Wang X, Xie L, Zheng Q, Guo X, Han L, Sun J. A novel transposon, Tn6306, mediates the spread of bla IMI in Enterobacteriaceae in hospitals. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 65:22-26. [PMID: 28941630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become a challenge for clinical therapy. In our study, we analysed the molecular characteristics of imipenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase (IMI) in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Two reported clinical isolates, the IMI-3-producing Raoultella ornithinolytica RJ46C and the IMI-2-producing Escherichia coli RJ18 were identified in our retrospective review of isolates collected from June 2010 to June 2013, both isolates were resistant to carbapenem but sensitive to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. The blaIMI gene was located on different ∼170-kb plasmids in both isolates. The blaIMI-3 gene was carried by the plasmid pRJ46C, which was extracted from the transconjugant and identified to be a 166,620-bp conjugative IncFIIY plasmid that contained 193 open reading frames, including replication-, plasmid conjugal transfer-, partitioning-, and mobilization-associated structures. The blaIMI-3 gene was located on a 15-kb region with a completely inverted sequence relative to that of plasmid pGA45, two ISEcl1-like elements containing two 33-bp complete inverted repeats were in an inverted orientation on both sides of the 15-kb region. We identified this typical structure as a novel composite transposon named Tn6306, indicating the occurrence of transposition. In addition, the blaIMI-2-carrying pRJ18 was an IncFIB plasmid, and a similar ISEcl1-like element was identified in an inverted direction upstream of IMI-2 in pRJ18. The identification of blaIMI in R. ornithinolytica and E. coli highlights the diversity of spreading carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae between hospitals and the environment in China. The novel transposon Tn6306, and other insert sequences, may play important roles in blaIMI mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyue Zheng
- Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhong Han
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae from Delta, Colorado, in 2015. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3141-4. [PMID: 26883705 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03055-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is a clinical problem of growing significance. Difficulty in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms with conventional antibiotics has led to a renewed and increasing use of polymyxin compounds, such as colistin. Here, we report the isolation of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae from a polymicrobial lower extremity wound in an ambulatory patient. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated the presence of chromosomal blaIMI-1 and blaAmpC, as well as numerous efflux pump genes.
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11
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Dang B, Mao D, Luo Y. Complete Nucleotide Sequence of pGA45, a 140,698-bp IncFIIY Plasmid Encoding bla IMI-3-Mediated Carbapenem Resistance, from River Sediment. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:188. [PMID: 26941718 PMCID: PMC4764695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid pGA45 was isolated from the sediments of Haihe River using Escherichia coli CV601 (gfp-tagged) as recipients and indigenous bacteria from sediment as donors. This plasmid confers reduced susceptibility to imipenem which belongs to carbapenem group. Plasmid pGA45 was fully sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing system. The complete sequence of plasmid pGA45 was 140,698 bp in length with an average G + C content of 52.03%. Sequence analysis shows that pGA45 belongs to IncFIIY group and harbors a backbone region which shares high homology and gene synteny to several other IncF plasmids including pNDM1_EC14653, pYDC644, pNDM-Ec1GN574, pRJF866, pKOX_NDM1, and pP10164-NDM. In addition to the backbone region, plasmid pGA45 harbors two notable features including one blaIMI-3-containing region and one type VI secretion system region. The blaIMI-3-containing region is responsible for bacteria carbapenem resistance and the type VI secretion system region is probably involved in bacteria virulence, respectively. Plasmid pGA45 represents the first complete nucleotide sequence of the blaIMI-harboring plasmid from environment sample and the sequencing of this plasmid provided insight into the architecture used for the dissemination of blaIMI carbapenemase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Dang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University Tianjin, China
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Teo JQM, Cai Y, Lim TP, Tan TT, Kwa ALH. Carbapenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Not-So-Little Problem in the Little Red Dot. Microorganisms 2016; 4:E13. [PMID: 27681907 PMCID: PMC5029518 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Singapore is an international travel and medical hub and faces a genuine threat for import and dissemination of bacteria with broad-spectrum resistance. In this review, we described the current landscape and management of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Singapore. Notably, the number of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has exponentially increased in the past two years. Resistance is largely mediated by a variety of mechanisms. Polymyxin resistance has also emerged. Interestingly, two Escherichia coli isolates with plasmid-mediated mcr-1 genes have been detected. Evidently, surveillance and infection control becomes critical in the local setting where resistance is commonly related to plasmid-mediated mechanisms, such as carbapenemases. Combination antibiotic therapy has been proposed as a last-resort strategy in the treatment of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) GNB infections, and is widely adopted in Singapore. The diversity of carbapenemases encountered, however, presents complexities in both carbapenemase detection and the selection of optimal antibiotic combinations. One unique strategy introduced in Singapore is a prospective in vitro combination testing service, which aids physicians in the selection of individualized combinations. The outcome of this treatment strategy has been promising. Unlike countries with a predominant carbapenemase type, Singapore has to adopt management strategies which accounts for diversity in resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Qi Min Teo
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
| | - Yiying Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Tze-Peng Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Thuan Tong Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
| | - Andrea Lay-Hoon Kwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore.
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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Naas T, Dortet L, Iorga BI. Structural and Functional Aspects of Class A Carbapenemases. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 17:1006-28. [PMID: 26960341 PMCID: PMC5405625 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666160310144501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases is probably one of the greatest public health challenges faced by our society, especially with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negatives that are in some cases pan-drug resistant. Currently,β-lactamase-mediated resistance does not spare even the newest and most powerful β-lactams (carbapenems), whose activity is challenged by carbapenemases. The worldwide dissemination of carbapenemases in gram-negative organisms threatens to take medicine back into the pre-antibiotic era since the mortality associated with infections caused by these "superbugs" is very high, due to limited treatment options. Clinically-relevant carbapenemases belong either to metallo-β- lactamases (MBLs) of Ambler class B or to serine-β-lactamases (SBLs) of Ambler class A and D enzymes. Class A carbapenemases may be chromosomally-encoded (SME, NmcA, SFC-1, BIC-1, PenA, FPH-1, SHV-38), plasmid-encoded (KPC, GES, FRI-1) or both (IMI). The plasmid-encoded enzymes are often associated with mobile elements responsible for their mobilization. These enzymes, even though weakly related in terms of sequence identities, share structural features and a common mechanism of action. They variably hydrolyse penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, and are inhibited by clavulanate and tazobactam. Three-dimensional structures of class A carbapenemases, in the apo form or in complex with substrates/inhibitors, together with site-directed mutagenesis studies, provide essential input for identifying the structural factors and subtle conformational changes that influence the hydrolytic profile and inhibition of these enzymes. Overall, these data represent the building blocks for understanding the structure-function relationships that define the phenotypes of class A carbapenemases and can guide the design of new molecules of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Naas
- Service de Bactériologie- Hygiène, Hôpital de Bicêtre, APHP, EA7361, Faculté de Médecine Paris- Sud, LabEx LERMIT, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Gqunta K, van Wyk J, Ekermans P, Bamford C, Moodley C, Govender S. First report of an IMI-2 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter asburiaeclinical isolate in South Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/23120053.2015.1103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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15
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In Vitro Activities of Ceftazidime-Avibactam, Aztreonam-Avibactam, and a Panel of Older and Contemporary Antimicrobial Agents against Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7842-6. [PMID: 26392487 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02019-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 177 carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (108 KPC, 32 NDM, 11 IMP, 8 OXA-48, 4 OXA-181, 2 OXA-232, 5 IMI, 4 VIM, and 3 SME producers), aztreonam-avibactam was active against all isolates except two NDM producers with elevated MICs of 8/4 and 16/4 mg/liter; ceftazidime-avibactam was active against all KPC-, IMI-, SME-, and most OXA-48 group-producing isolates (93%) but not metallo-β-lactamase producers. Among older and contemporary antimicrobials, the most active were colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin, with overall susceptibilities of 88%, 79%, and 78%, respectively.
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16
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Characterization of a Novel Putative Xer-Dependent Integrative Mobile Element Carrying the bla(NMC-A) Carbapenemase Gene, Inserted into the Chromosome of Members of the Enterobacter cloacae Complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6620-4. [PMID: 26248383 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01452-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An Enterobacter ludwigii strain was isolated during routine screening of a Japanese patient for carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. PCR analysis revealed the blaNMC-A carbapenemase gene. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that blaNMC-A was inserted in the chromosome and associated with a novel 29.1-kb putative Xer-dependent integrative mobile element, named EludIMEX-1. Bioinformatic analysis identified similar elements in the genomes of an Enterobacter asburiae strain and of other Enterobacter cloacae complex strains, confirming the mobile nature of this element.
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17
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Hamzan NI, Yean CY, Rahman RA, Hasan H, Rahman ZA. Detection of blaIMP4 and blaNDM1 harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a university hospital in Malaysia. EMERGING HEALTH THREATS JOURNAL 2015; 8:26011. [PMID: 25765342 PMCID: PMC4357264 DOI: 10.3402/ehtj.v8.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance among Enterobacteriaceae posts a great challenge to the health care service. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is attracting significant attention due to its rapid and global dissemination. The infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, thus creating challenges for infection control and managing teams to curb the infection. In Southeast Asia, there have been limited reports and subsequent research regarding CRKP infections. Thus, the study was conducted to characterize CRKP that has been isolated in our setting. Methods A total of 321 K. pneumoniae were included in the study. Each isolate went through an identification process using an automated identification system. Phenotypic characterization was determined using disk diffusion, modified Hodge test, Epsilometer test, and inhibitor combined disk test. Further detection of carbapenemase genes was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by gene sequence analysis. Results All together, 13 isolates (4.05%) were CRKP and the majority of them were resistant to tested antibiotics except colistin and tigercycline. Among seven different carbapenemase genes studied (blaKPC, blaIMP, blaSME, blaNDM, blaIMI, blaVIM, and blaOXA), only two, blaIMP4 (1.87%) and blaNDM1 (2.18%), were detected in our setting. Conclusion Evidence suggests that the prevalence of CRKP in our setting is low, and knowledge of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and CRKP has improved and become available among clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzati Hamzan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosliza Abdul Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Hasan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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Zhou J, Sulaiman Z, Llorin RM, Hee KH, Lee LSU, Lye DC, Fisher DA, Tam VH. Pharmacokinetics of ertapenem in outpatients with complicated urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2517-21. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Boo TW, O'Connell N, Power L, O'Connor M, King J, McGrath E, Hill R, Hopkins KL, Woodford N. First report of IMI-1-producing colistin-resistant Enterobacter clinical isolate in Ireland, March 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18. [PMID: 23929227 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.31.20548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the first case in Ireland of an IMI-1 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter asburiae, which was resistant to both colistin and fosfomycin. The circumstances under which this isolate was acquired were unclear. Several reports of IMI-producing Enterobacter spp. have emerged in recent years, and colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is also increasingly reported. Laboratories should be aware of the unusual antibiograms of IMI-producing isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Boo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, HSE West, Ireland.
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