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Kharga K, Kumar L, Patel SKS. Recent Advances in Monoclonal Antibody-Based Approaches in the Management of Bacterial Sepsis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030765. [PMID: 36979744 PMCID: PMC10045367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infectious agent and its antigens. Immune cell activation against the antigens causes severe distress that mediates a strong inflammatory response in vital organs. Sepsis is responsible for a high rate of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutic strategies are now being explored as a viable therapy option for severe sepsis and septic shock. Monoclonal antibodies may provide benefits through two major strategies: (a) monoclonal antibodies targeting the pathogen and its components, and (b) mAbs targeting inflammatory signaling may directly suppress the production of inflammatory mediators. The major focus of mAb therapies has been bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), although other surface antigens are also being investigated for mAb therapy. Several promising candidates for mAbs are undergoing clinical trials at present. Despite several failures and the investigation of novel targets, mAb therapy provides a glimmer of hope for the treatment of severe bacterial sepsis and septic shock. In this review, mAb candidates, their efficacy against controlling infection, with special emphasis on potential roadblocks, and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
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Wang C, Ye Q, Ding Y, Zhang J, Gu Q, Pang R, Zhao H, Wang J, Wu Q. Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serogroup G Using Real-Time PCR for Novel Target Genes Identified Through Comparative Genomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928154. [PMID: 35814691 PMCID: PMC9263582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate serotyping is essential for effective infection control. Pseudomonas aeruginosa serogroup G is one of the most common serogroups found in water. Conventional serotyping methods are not standardized and have several shortcomings. Therefore, a robust method for rapidly identifying P. aeruginosa serotypes is required. This study established a real-time PCR method for identifying P. aeruginosa serogroup G strains using novel target gene primers based on comparative genomic analysis. A total of 343 genome sequences, including 16 P. aeruginosa serogroups and 67 other species, were analyzed. Target genes identified were amplified using real-time PCR for detecting P. aeruginosa serogroup G strains. Eight serogroup G genes, PA59_01276, PA59_01887, PA59_01888, PA59_01891, PA59_01894, PA59_04268, PA59_01892, and PA59_01896, were analyzed to determine specific targets. A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method, based on the novel target PA59_01276, was established to detect and identify serogroup G strains. The specificity of this method was confirmed using P. aeruginosa serogroups and non-P. aeruginosa species. The sensitivity of this real-time PCR method was 4 × 102 CFU/mL, and it could differentiate and detect P. aeruginosa serogroup G in the range of 4.0 × 103–4.0 × 108 CFU/mL in artificially contaminated drinking water samples without enrichment. The sensitivity of these detection limits was higher by 1–3 folds compared to that of the previously reported PCR methods. In addition, the G serum group was accurately detected using this real-time PCR method without interference by high concentrations of artificially contaminated serum groups F and D. These results indicate that this method has high sensitivity and accuracy and is promising for identifying and rapidly detecting P. aeruginosa serogroup G in water samples. Moreover, this research will contribute to the development of effective vaccines and therapies for infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufang Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Wang,
| | - Qingping Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Qingping Wu,
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