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Barbier E, Fouchet T, Hartmann A, Cambau E, Mougari F, Dubois C, Lubetzki M, Rochelet M. Rapid electrochemical detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by measuring Ag85 activity with disposable carbon sensors. Talanta 2023; 253:123927. [PMID: 36174382 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical assay for the detection of the enzymatic activity of the antigen 85 (Ag85) tuberculosis (TB) biomarker was developed and evaluated for the qualitative detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in decontaminated sputum. For this purpose, the electroactive properties of both synthetic p-aminophenyl-6-O-octanoyl-3-d-glucopyranoside (p-APOG) substrate and p-aminophenyl-6-3-d-glucopyranoside (p-APG) product released after the removal of the octanoyl fatty acid by the Ag85 were investigated with disposable carbon screen-printed electrodes by cyclic voltammetry. Since specific anodic responses were obtained for the p-APOG substrate and the p-APG product, the intensity of the oxidation peak of the p-APG (E = + 0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl) was selected as the analytical response for the detection of the Ag85 acyltransferase activity. Once the proof of concept of the Ag85 electrochemical assay was validated with a commercially-available Ag85B protein, its specificity was further assessed by analyzing pure cultures of various bacteria including tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria as well as different species found in patients' sputum. Finally, with a specificity of 78% and a sensitivity of 89%, the method was successfully compared to microscopy and culture routine tests for TB testing in 36 frozen fluidized and decontaminated sputum. This suggests that owing to its convenience, rapidity, low-cost and portability, the reported Ag85 electrochemical assay is a promising tool to screen patients for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Barbier
- UMR AgroEcologie 1347, INRAe, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 87999, Cedex, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Théo Fouchet
- UMR AgroEcologie 1347, INRAe, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 87999, Cedex, 21079, Dijon, France; Inserm UMR 1137 IAME, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France; Service de Mycobactériologie Spécialisée et de Référence, Laboratoire Associé du Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux (CNR-MyRMA), APHP-Bichat GHU Nord, 75018, Paris, France; EpiLAB, 4 Rue Anatole France, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Hartmann
- UMR AgroEcologie 1347, INRAe, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 87999, Cedex, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- Inserm UMR 1137 IAME, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France; Service de Mycobactériologie Spécialisée et de Référence, Laboratoire Associé du Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux (CNR-MyRMA), APHP-Bichat GHU Nord, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Faiza Mougari
- Inserm UMR 1137 IAME, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France; Service de Mycobactériologie Spécialisée et de Référence, Laboratoire Associé du Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux (CNR-MyRMA), APHP-Bichat GHU Nord, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Clément Dubois
- EpiLAB, 4 Rue Anatole France, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Murielle Rochelet
- UMR AgroEcologie 1347, INRAe, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 87999, Cedex, 21079, Dijon, France.
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Comparison of Sputum Treated with Power Ultrasound and Routine NALC-NaOH Methods for Mycobacterial Culture: A Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164694. [PMID: 36012934 PMCID: PMC9409676 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. However, an appropriate digestion and decontamination method is essential for the effective recovery of tubercle bacilli in culture. The study was designed to compare the efficacy of sputum treated with power ultrasound (PU) and routine NALC-NaOH methods for mycobacterial culture from clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. To evaluate the PU and routine NALC-NaOH methods, sputum specimens (n = 597) were studied (culturing on MGIT 960), and the performances were compared. Of the 597 samples, 89 (14.91%) sputum samples treated with the NaOH-NALC method were mycobacterial culture positive, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB; n = 77, 12.90%) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM; n = 12, 2.01%). One hundred and ten (18.43%) sputum samples treated with the PU method were culture positive, including M.TB (n = 87, 14.57%) and NTM (n = 23, 3.85%). The PU method detected 10 additional cases of M.TB and 11 additional cases of NTM when compared to the NALC-NaOH method. Statistical analysis showed that a significant difference was found in the culture-positive ratio of M.TB and NTM between the two method groups (p < 0.05). Compared with that of the NALC-NaOH method (8.04%), sputum treated with PU method (4.86%) had a significantly lower contamination rate (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data indicate that, compared with the NALC-NaOH method, the PU method is a rapid and effective approach for mycobacterial culture when detecting active TB. However, its accurate mechanism has not been well addressed, and further investigation is still required.
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Rojas-Ponce G, Sauvageau D, Zemp R, Barkema HW, Evoy S. Use of uncoated magnetic beads to capture Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis prior detection by mycobacteriophage D29 and real-time-PCR. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 197:106490. [PMID: 35595085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uncoated tosyl-activated magnetic beads were evaluated to capture Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from spiked feces, milk, and urine. Centrifugation and uncoated magnetic beads recovered more than 99% and 93%, respectively, of 1.68 × 107 CFU/mL, 1.68 × 106 CFU/mL and 1.68 × 105 CFU/mL M. smegmatis cells resuspended in phosphate buffer saline. The use of magnetic beads was more efficient to concentrate cells from 1.68 × 104 CFU/mL of M. smegmatis than centrifugation. Likewise, the F57-qPCR detection of MAP cells was different whether they were recovered by beads or centrifugation; cycle threshold (Ct) was lower (p < 0.05) for the detection of MAP cells recovered by beads than centrifugation, indicative of greater recovery. Magnetic separation of MAP cells from milk, urine, and feces specimens was demonstrated by detection of F57 and IS900 sequences. Beads captured no less than 109 CFU/mL from feces and no less than 104 CFU/mL from milk and urine suspensions. In another detection strategy, M. smegmatis coupled to magnetic beads were infected by mycobacteriophage D29. Plaque forming units were observed after 24 h of incubation from urine samples containing 2 × 105 and 2 × 103 CFU/mL M. smegmatis. The results of this study provide a promising tool for diagnosis of tuberculosis and Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rojas-Ponce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Zemp
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephane Evoy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains in Urban and Slum Settings of Nairobi, Kenya. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030475. [PMID: 35328028 PMCID: PMC8953814 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kenya is a country with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, knowledge on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains and their transmission dynamics is sparsely available. Hence, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to depict the genetic diversity, molecular markers of drug resistance, and possible transmission clusters among MTBC strains in urban and slum settings of Nairobi. We analyzed 385 clinical MTBC isolates collected between 2010 and 2015 in combination with patients’ demographics. We showed that the MTBC population mainly comprises strains of four lineages (L1–L4). The two dominating lineages were L4 with 55.8% (n = 215) and L3 with 25.7% (n = 99) of all strains, respectively. Genome-based cluster analysis showed that 30.4% (117/385) of the strains were clustered using a ≤5 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) threshold as a surrogate marker for direct patient-to-patient MTBC transmission. Moreover, 5.2% (20/385) of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 50.0% (n = 10) were part of a genome-based cluster (i.e., direct MDR MTBC transmission). Notably, 30.0% (6/20) of the MDR strains were resistant to all first-line drugs and are part of one molecular cluster. Moreover, TB patients in urban living setting had 3.8 times the odds of being infected with a drug-resistant strain as compared to patients from slums (p-value = 0.002). Our results show that L4 strains are the main causative agent of TB in Nairobi and MDR strain transmission is an emerging concern in urban settings. This emphasizes the need for more focused infection control measures and contact tracing of patients with MDR TB to break the transmission chains.
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Shinu P, Nair AB, Hussain S, Morsy MA, Soliman WE. Pancreatin-Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride Digestion and Decontamination Method; A Novel, Sensitive, Cost-Effective Method for Culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102025. [PMID: 34683346 PMCID: PMC8537101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the performance of newly developed pancreatin-cetylpyridinium chloride (pancreatin-CPC) digestion and decontamination method (DDM) with N-acetyl L-Cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) DDM for isolation of Mycobacteria from clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. For the study, sputum samples (n = 613) obtained from clinically suspected PTB cases were subjected to direct microscopy, pretreatment with NALC-NaOH DDM (reference method), and pancreatin-CPC DDM followed by culture, and the data were analyzed. The direct microscopy illustrated diagnostic accuracies of 60.4% (sensitivity), 99.77% (specificity), 98.9% (positive predictive value) and 88.3% (negative predictive value), respectively (against culture) for the detection of Mycobacterial species. The pancreatin-CPC DDM showed competitive diagnostic accuracies (against NALC-NaOH DDM) of 99.32% (sensitivity), 94.07% (specificity), 85.05% (positive predictive value), and 99.76% (negative predictive value), respectively, for the isolation of Mycobacterial species. In conclusion, pancreatin-CPC DMM was a highly sensitive, technically simple, and cost-effective method, suggesting its competence to substitute the currently used NALC-NaOH DDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (W.E.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-551732794
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Snawar Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (W.E.S.)
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Wafaa E. Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (W.E.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
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Joseph N, Athira C. Evaluation of hypertonic saline–sodium hydroxide method for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Lowenstein–Jensen medium. JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jin CE, Koo B, Lee HJ, Park IJ, Kim SH, Shin Y. Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate-Based Helix-Shaped Microchannels as Enhancers of Biomolecule Isolation from Liquid Biopsies. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11994-12001. [PMID: 32867489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of ultrasensitive diagnosis of biomolecules from liquid specimens are limited by problems during sample preparation steps, including enrichment and isolation of biomolecules. Here we report a novel platform combining bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS3) and helix-shaped microchannels (BSH) to change the sample preparation paradigm. This BSH system is composed of BS3 for pathogen enrichment and nucleic acid isolation by electrostatic and covalent interaction, and helix-shaped microchannels to minimize sample loss and remove bubbles in large liquid specimens without pH change. The system detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis following enrichment and isolation of 10 mL of liquefied sputum from 11 patients with tuberculosis. Moreover, the system identified KRAS mutations following cell-free DNA isolation of blood plasma from 10 patients with colorectal cancer. This system allows ultrasensitive diagnosis in various disease applications with large volumes of liquid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Eun Jin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Disease, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shinu P, Singh VA, Nair A, Venugopala KN, Akrawi SH. Papain-cetylpyridinium chloride and pepsin-cetylpyridinium chloride; two novel, highly sensitive, concentration, digestion and decontamination techniques for culturing mycobacteria from clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236700. [PMID: 32750088 PMCID: PMC7402486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. However, an appropriate digestion and decontamination method (DDM) is essential for the effective recovery of tubercle bacilli in culture. Therefore, the current study was designed to compare the performance of papain-cetylpyridinium chloride [papain-CPC] and pepsin-cetylpyridinium chloride [pepsin-CPC] DDMs against N-acetyl L-Cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) DDM for recovery of mycobacteria from clinically suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases. To evaluate papain-CPC, pepsin-CPC and NALC-NaOH DDMs, sputum samples (N = 1381) were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium and the results were compared. The papain-CPC DDM showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 93.27%, 71.7%, and 100%, respectively as compared to NALC-NaOH DDM. Similarly, pepsin-CPC DDM demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 98.94%, 94.7%, 76.11%, and 99.81%, respectively. In summary, both papain-CPC and pepsin-CPC DDMs are highly sensitive and specific techniques for recovery of mycobacteria as compared to NALC-NaOH DDM. However, when the overall performances of all DDMs compared, papain-CPC DDM isolated increased number of mycobacterial isolates with comparatively higher numbers of colonies on LJ media than both pepsin-CPC and NALC-NaOH DDMs, indicating its potential to replace the NALC-NaOH DDM for recovery of mycobacteria from sputum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Varsha A. Singh
- Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., M.M. Deemed to be University, Ambala, India
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sabah H. Akrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Memoli G, Cavallo R, Curtoni A, Avolio M, Silvestre C, Zotti CM. Reduction of turnaround time for non-tuberculous mycobacteria detection in heater-cooler units by propidium monoazide-real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Hosp Infect 2019; 104:365-373. [PMID: 31628958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are emerging worldwide in patients undergoing open-chest cardiac bypass surgery exposed to contaminated heater-cooler units (HCUs). Although this outbreak has been investigated by culturing bacteria isolated from HCU aerosol and water samples, these conventional methods have low-analytic sensitivity, high rates of sample contamination, and long turnaround time. AIM To develop a simple and effective method to detect NTM in HCUs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a short laboratory turnaround time and reliable culture results. METHODS A total of 281 water samples collected from various HCUs at seven Italian hospitals were simultaneously screened for NTM by a propidium monoazide (PMA)-PCR assay and by conventional culture testing. The results were analysed with culture testing as the reference method. FINDINGS (i) The agreement between culture testing and PMA-PCR was 85.0% with a cycle threshold (CT) cut-off value of <38 vs 80.0% with a CT of <43, with a moderate Cohen's κ-coefficient; (ii) the CT cut-off value of <42 was deemed more suitable for predicting positive specimens; (iii) given the low concentration of target DNA in water samples, the minimum volume to be tested was 1 L. CONCLUSION The use of PMA-PCR for fast detection of NTM from environmental samples is highly recommended in order to ascertain whether HCUs may represent a potential source of human exposure to NTM. This reliable and simple method reduces laboratory turnaround time compared to conventional methods (one to two days vs eight weeks, respectively), thereby improving control strategies and effective management of HCUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - M Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Memoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Curtoni
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Avolio
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Silvestre
- AOU Città della salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - C M Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Singpanomchai N, Akeda Y, Tomono K, Tamaru A, Santanirand P, Ratthawongjirakul P. Naked eye detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by recombinase polymerase amplification-SYBR green I assays. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22655. [PMID: 30129085 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is key to controlling the spread of tuberculosis, which is a global health concern. In this study, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed to detect specific targets of Mtb, IS6110 and IS1081. Additionally, SYBR Green I was used for endpoint detection of the RPA products by the naked eye. METHOD A total of 146 genomic Mtb DNA samples and 24 genomic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) DNA samples were amplified at IS6110 and IS1081 by RPA. After a complete amplification, the RPA amplicons were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis (RPA-AGE) and SYBR Green I (RPA-S) assays. The performance of the RPA assays was evaluated by comparing them to a conventional PCR. RESULTS The RPA assay demonstrated to have a good capability to differentiate Mtb from NTM with a very short turnaround time at a constant temperature. Compared to conventional PCR, the sensitivities and specificities of RPA-AGE for IS6110 and IS1081 were 100%. The specificity of RPA-S was 100% for both targets; however, its sensitivities for IS6110 and IS1081 were 97.95% and 99.32%, respectively. The limits of detection of IS6110 RPA-AGE and RPA-S were 0.05 and 0.5 ng, respectively, while the LODs of IS1081 RPA-AGE and RPA-S were 0.00005 and 0.05 ng, respectively. Both RPA assays showed a satisfying diagnostic specificity, with no cross-reaction with other bacteria. CONCLUSION A rapid, sensitive, naked eye RPA assay can be integrated into point-of-care diagnosis for Mtb detection, especially in remote areas where laboratory instrument resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntita Singpanomchai
- Program of Molecular sciences in Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Tamaru
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pitak Santanirand
- Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panan Ratthawongjirakul
- Research Group of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Asmar S, Drancourt M. Rapid culture-based diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in developed and developing countries. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1184. [PMID: 26579092 PMCID: PMC4630581 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, with 9 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths mainly in developing countries. Reviewing data reported over 20 years yields a state-of-the-art procedure for the routine culture of M. tuberculosis in both developed and developing countries. Useful specimens include sputum, induced sputum, and stools collected in quaternary ammonium preservative-containing sterile cans. The usefulness of other non-invasive specimens remains to be evaluated. Specimens can be collected in a diagnosis kit also containing sampling materials, instructions, laboratory requests, and informed consent. Automated direct LED fluorescence microscopy after auramine staining precedes inoculation of an egg-lecithin-containing culture solid medium under microaerophilic atmosphere, inverted microscope reading or scanning video-imaging detection of colonies and colonies identification by recent molecular methods. This procedure should result in a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis as fast as 5 days. It may be implemented in both developed and developing countries with automated steps replaceable by manual steps depending on local resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Faculté de Médecine, URMITE, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, Aix Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France
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Bhanothu V, Lakshmi V, Theophilus JP, Rozati R, Badhini P, Vijayalaxmi B. Investigation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 (2258G/A) and Interferon Gamma (+874T/A) Gene Polymorphisms among Infertile Women with Female Genital Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130273. [PMID: 26114934 PMCID: PMC4483232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) coordinate with a diverse array of cellular programs through the transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes and play an important role in immune system, reproductive physiology and basic pathology. Alterations in the functions of TLR2 2258G (guanine)/ A, IFN-γ (+874T/A) and signalling molecules that result from polymorphisms are often associated with susceptibility or resistance, which may, in turn, establish the innate host response to various infectious diseases. Presently, we proposed to investigate the risk of common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of TLR2 and IFN-γ genes, for their effect on infertility in women with female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) and healthy women as controls. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Genotyping of TLR2 and IFN-γ gene polymorphisms was performed by amplification refractory mutation system multi-gene/multi-primer polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 175 FGTB patients and 100 healthy control women (HCW). The TLR2 polymorphism [adenine (A) allele] was observed in 57.7 and 58.0% of FGTB patients and HCW, respectively. The IFN-γ (+874T/A) polymorphism (A allele) was significant in 74.3 and 71.0% of FGTB patients and HCW, respectively, while the odds ratios for the AA and TA genotypes for predisposition of FGTB were found to be 0.304 and 1.650 in HCW, respectively. The SNP of TLR2 was not associated with FGTB but the SNP of IFN-γ was found to be associated with mycobacteria infections and to induce infertility. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE At present, we hypothesize that infertile women with FGTB and HCW without tuberculosis (TB) have identical frequency of TLR variants, which may be adequate in the production of IFN-γ in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Thus, the study appears to be the first of its kind reporting a mutation in the IFN-γ gene [+874 T (thymine) to A] responsible for susceptibility to TB infections and further inducing infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkanna Bhanothu
- Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Vemu Lakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Jane P. Theophilus
- Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Roya Rozati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Owaisi Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Prabhakar Badhini
- Department of Genetics, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Boda Vijayalaxmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Owaisi Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Singhal R, Myneedu VP. Microscopy as a diagnostic tool in pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Occurrence of female genital tuberculosis among infertile women: a study from a tertiary maternal health care research centre in South India. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1937-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bhanothu V, Theophilus JP, Rozati R. Use of endo-ovarian tissue biopsy and pelvic aspirated fluid for the diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis by conventional versus molecular methods. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98005. [PMID: 24849122 PMCID: PMC4029782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Til date, none of the diagnostic techniques available for the detection of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) are 100% accurate. We therefore, proposed to use the endometrial tissue biopsies (ETBs), ovarian tissue biopsies (OTBs) and pelvic aspirated fluids (PAFs) for the diagnosis of FGTB among infertile women by conventional versus molecular methods. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 302 specimens were collected both from 202 infertile women highly suspected of having FGTB on laparoscopy examination and 100 control women of reproductive age. Out of 302 specimens, 150 (49.67%) were ETBs, 95 (31.46%) were OTBs and 57 (18.87%) were PAFs. All specimens were tested by conventional techniques, later compared with multi-gene PCR for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and correlated with laparoscopic findings. The presence of MTB DNA was observed in 49.5% of ETBs, 33.17% of OTBs and 5.44% of PAF specimens collected from highly suspected FGTB patients. All women of control group were confirmed as negative for tuberculosis. The conventional methods showed 99% to 100% specificity with a low sensitivity, ranging from 21.78% to 42.08% while hematoxylin and eosin staining showed a sensitivity of 51.48%. Multi-gene PCR was found to have much higher sensitivity of 70.29% with MTB64 gene, 86.63% with 19 kDa antigen gene at species and TRC4 element at regional MTB complex and 88.12% with 32 kDa protein gene at genus level. The specificity of multi-gene PCR was 100%. Compared with culturing and Ziehl-Neelsen's staining, multi-gene PCR demonstrated improvement in the detection of FGTB (χ2 = 214.612, 1 df, McNemar's test value <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SIGNIFICANCE We suggest site specific sampling, irrespective of sample type and amplification of the 19 kDa antigen gene in combination with TRC4 element as a successful multi-gene PCR for the diagnosis of FGTB and differentiation of mycobacterial infection among endo-ovarian tissue biopsies and PAFs taken from infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkanna Bhanothu
- Dept. of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Roya Rozati
- Dept. of Reproductive Medicine, MHRT Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Shinu P, Singh V, Nair A, Mehrishi P, Mehta S, Joshi E. Application of cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium chloride decontamination method for recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 77:150-7. [PMID: 23928270 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Novel approach for improving sensitivity of microscopic detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by use of the ReaSLR method. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3597-601. [PMID: 23966489 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01570-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ReaSLR methodology developed for sputum processing is a novel, low-cost, and simple technique that has improved the sensitivity of smear microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Sample processing consists of rapid liquefaction of the sputum specimen with the ReaSLR reagent, followed by syringe filtration, concentration by centrifugation, and use of the sediment for smear microscopy. The performance of the ReaSLR kit was evaluated on 150 sputum samples and was compared with that of the modified Petroff method for sputum decontamination and concentration. Ziehl-Neelsen staining was performed for smear microscopy after processing by these two techniques; simultaneously, culture on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium was done to evaluate the two methods. The efficiency of smear microscopy was 18/150 (12%) with the modified Petroff method compared to 47/150 (31.33%) with the ReaSLR method, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The ReaSLR method for smear microscopy demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 90.47% and 91.6%, respectively, whereas the modified Petroff method showed a sensitivity and specificity of 40.47% and 99.07%, respectively, compared to those of culture, which was used as the gold standard. With the newer ReaSLR method, the kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.8, which implies an excellent positive agreement. The ReaSLR method was found to be more sensitive than the conventional method for sputum smear microscopy. The newer ReaSLR method holds promise for adoption in TB control programs across the globe, as it was found suitable for the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate other aspects of this method.
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Palomino JC. Current developments and future perspectives for TB diagnostics. Future Microbiol 2012; 7:59-71. [PMID: 22191447 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TB persists as a global epidemic with high morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries. It is the only infectious disease ever declared as a global emergency by the WHO. The HIV pandemic and the emergence of drug resistance represent two additional obstacles to better control of the disease. Important progress has been made in the last decade in TB diagnostics. Major needs still exist, such as the availability of a real point-of-care test, a better diagnosis of TB in immune-compromised populations and in children, and the possibility to predict progression to disease in latently infected people. This review will summarize the current developments in TB diagnostics and the perspectives for future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Palomino
- Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis in resource-poor countries: challenges and opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:314-50. [PMID: 21482728 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00059-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 9.4 million new cases globally, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health concern. Eighty percent of all cases worldwide occur in 22 high-burden, mainly resource-poor settings. This devastating impact of tuberculosis on vulnerable populations is also driven by its deadly synergy with HIV. Therefore, building capacity and enhancing universal access to rapid and accurate laboratory diagnostics are necessary to control TB and HIV-TB coinfections in resource-limited countries. The present review describes several new and established methods as well as the issues and challenges associated with implementing quality tuberculosis laboratory services in such countries. Recently, the WHO has endorsed some of these novel methods, and they have been made available at discounted prices for procurement by the public health sector of high-burden countries. In addition, international and national laboratory partners and donors are currently evaluating other new diagnostics that will allow further and more rapid testing in point-of-care settings. While some techniques are simple, others have complex requirements, and therefore, it is important to carefully determine how to link these new tests and incorporate them within a country's national diagnostic algorithm. Finally, the successful implementation of these methods is dependent on key partnerships in the international laboratory community and ensuring that adequate quality assurance programs are inherent in each country's laboratory network.
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Containment of bioaerosol infection risk by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and its applicability to point-of-care settings. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3551-7. [PMID: 20720033 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01053-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently introduced Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) has point-of-care potential, but its capacity for biohazard containment remained to be studied. We compared the bioaerosols generated by the Xpert assay to acid-fast bacillus (AFB) microscope slide smear preparation. The Xpert assay sample treatment reagent (SR) was also studied for its sterilizing capacity, stability, and effect on assay sensitivity after prolonged treatment. During the preparation of AFB smears, sputum samples spiked with Mycobacterium bovis BCG at 5 × 10(8) CFU/ml produced 16 and 325 CFU/m(3) air measured with an Andersen impactor or BioSampler, respectively. In contrast, neither the sample preparation steps for the Xpert assay nor its automated processing produced any culturable bioaerosols. In testing of SR sterilizing capacity, clinical sputum samples from strongly smear-positive tuberculosis patients treated with SR at a 2:1 ratio eliminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in all but 1/39 or 3/45 samples cultured on solid or liquid medium, respectively. These few unsterilized samples had a mean 13.1-day delay in the time to positive culture. SR treatment at a 3:1 ratio eliminated growth in all samples. SR retained a greater than 6-log-unit killing capacity despite storage at temperatures spanning 4 to 45°C for at least 3 months. The effect of prolonged SR sample treatment was also studied. Spiked sputum samples could be incubated in SR for up to 3 days without affecting Xpert sensitivity for M. tuberculosis detection and up to 8 h without affecting specificity for rifampin resistance detection. These results suggest that benchtop use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay limits infection risk to the user.
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Kang H, Sung N, Lee S, Kim D, Jeon D, Hwang S, Min J, Kim J, Won Y, Park S. Comparison of Smear and Culture Positivity using NaOH Method and NALC-NaOH Method for Sputum Treatment. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2008.65.5.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunsook Lee
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
| | - Dohyung Kim
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
| | - Doosoo Jeon
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Masan, Korea
| | - Soohee Hwang
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
| | - Jinhong Min
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
| | - Youngsub Won
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
| | - Seungkyu Park
- National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Masan, Korea
- International Tuberculosis Research Center, Masan, Korea
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